overview of whole

definition::
specific:
· whole is an-entity with parts (= internal-attributes).

generic:
·

part:
·

whole:
· parts make-up a-whole.

description::
· whole-entity is an-entity that has parts (= attribute we consider internal).
· collection is a-whole without relations and 'parts'.
· system is a-whole with relations and 'parts'.

=== all!~noun:
· _stxEngl: We counted all.
=== all!~adjective:
· _stxEngl: All students must attend the meeting.
=== all!~adverb:
· _stxEngl: It is all right. (attribute of adjective)

=== quán..dōu-全..都!=whole:entire:
· _stxZhon: 我们 全 家 都 去 过 北京 。 :: Wǒmen quán jiā dōu qù guo Běijīng. != Our entire family has been to Beijing.
· _stxZhon: 大家 全 都 到 了。 :: Dàjiā quán dōu dào le. != Everybody has arrived.
· _stxZhon: 他们 全 都 没 去 。 :: Tāmen quán dōu méi qù. != None of them went.
· _stxZhon: 他 说 得 有 道理 ，但 我 不 全 都 同意 。 :: Tā shuō de yǒu dàolǐ, dàn wǒ bù quán dōu tóngyì. != He has a point, but I don't agree with all of it.

name::
* McsEngl.McsCor000008.last.html//dirCor//dirMcs!⇒whole,
* McsEngl.dirMcs/dirCor/McsCor000008.last.html!⇒whole,
* McsEngl.WHOLE,
* McsEngl.adjeEngl.all!=whole,
* McsEngl.adjeEngl.entire!=whole,
* McsEngl.adveEngl.all!=whole,
* McsEngl.adveEngl.altogether!=whole,
* McsEngl.adveEngl.completly!=whole,
* McsEngl.adveEngl.entirely!=whole,
* McsEngl.adveEngl.totally!=whole,
* McsEngl.adveEngl.wholly!=whole,
* McsEngl.all!~adjeEngl!=whole,
* McsEngl.all!~adveEngl!=whole,
* McsEngl.altogether!~adveEngl!=whole,
* McsEngl.completly!~adveEngl!=whole,
* McsEngl.entire!~adjeEngl!=whole,
* McsEngl.entirely!~adveEngl!=whole,
* McsEngl.entity.whole!⇒whole,
* McsEngl.holonym!=whole,
* McsEngl.totally!~adveEngl!=whole,
* McsEngl.whole,
* McsEngl.whole.lagoSngu!=teu,
* McsEngl.whole.lagoElln!=όλο!το,
* McsEngl.whole!=McsCor000008,
* McsEngl.whole!=whole-entity!⇒whole,
* McsEngl.whole-entity!⇒whole,
* McsEngl.whole-of-part!=part//whole,
* McsEngl.wholly!~adveEngl!=whole,
====== lagoSinagu:
* McsSngu.teu!=whole,
====== lagoChinese:
* McsEngl.quán..dōu-全..都!=whole:entire,
* McsZhon.quán..dōu-全..都!=whole:entire,
* McsZhon.全..都-quán..dōu!=whole:entire,
* McsEngl.zhěnggè-整个!=whole,
* McsZhon.zhěnggè-整个!=whole,
* McsZhon.整个-zhěnggè!=whole,
====== lagoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.tuto!=whole,
====== lagoGreek:
* McsElln.επίθετο.ολός!-ος-η-ο!=whole,
* McsElln.ολός!-ος-η-ο!~adjeElln!=whole,
* McsElln.ολότητα!η!=whole,
====== lagoTurkish:
* McsTurk.tüm!=whole,
======
"Below is a comparative linguistic overview of the word **“whole”** across major **language families**, including **native script** and **standard romanization** where applicable. The focus is on the sense *“entire, complete, undivided”* (not “healthy” unless noted).
---
## 1. Indo-European Languages
### Germanic
| Language | Native Form | Romanization / Notes |
| English | whole | |
| German | ganz | |
| Dutch | geheel | |
| Swedish | hel | |
| Danish | hel | |
### Romance
| French | entier / tout | |
| Spanish | entero / todo | |
| Italian | intero / tutto | |
| Portuguese | inteiro / todo | |
| Romanian | întreg | |
### Slavic
| Russian | целый | tselyy |
| Ukrainian | цілий | tsilyi |
| Polish | cały | |
| Czech | celý | |
| Serbian | цео / целина | ceo / celina |
### Hellenic
| Greek | όλος / ολόκληρος | ólos / olóklīros |
⭢ Etymology note: Greek **ὅλος** is the source of *holistic, holism*.
---
## 2. Afro-Asiatic Languages
| Arabic | كامل / كل | kāmil / kull | “complete” / “all” |
| Hebrew | שלם / כל | shalem / kol | related to “peace” (shalom) |
| Amharic | ሙሉ | mulu | |
---
## 3. Uralic Languages
| Finnish | kokonainen | |
| Hungarian | egész | also “healthy” |
---
## 4. Turkic Languages
| Turkish | bütün / tam | “entire” / “complete” | |
| Azerbaijani | bütöv | | |
| Kazakh | бүтін | bütin | |
| Uzbek | butun | | |
---
## 5. Sino-Tibetan Languages
| Mandarin Chinese | 整体 / 全部 | zhěngtǐ / quánbù |
| Cantonese | 整體 / 全部 | zing2 tai2 / cyun4 bou6 |
| Tibetan | ཆ་ཚང | cha tshang |
---
## 6. Japonic & Koreanic
| Japanese | 全体 / 全部 | zentai / zenbu |
| Korean | 전체 | jeonche |
---
## 7. Austronesian Languages
| Indonesian | utuh | |
| Malay | keseluruhan / utuh | |
| Tagalog | buo | |
---
## 8. Dravidian Languages
| Tamil | முழு | muḻu |
| Telugu | మొత్తం | mottaṁ |
| Kannada | ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ | sampūrṇa |
---
## 9. Niger-Congo Languages
| Swahili | nzima | | |
| Yoruba | gbogbo | also “all” | |
| Zulu | wonke | | |
---
## Cross-Linguistic Observations
1. **Whole vs All vs Complete**
Many languages distinguish:
* *whole* (undivided entity)
* *all* (totality of elements)
* *complete* (nothing missing)
2. **Semantic overlap with “healthy”**
In Germanic, Uralic, and Semitic languages, *whole* historically overlaps with *health* (e.g., English *whole*, German *heil*, Hebrew *shalem*).
3. **Holistic terminology**
Greek **ὅλος** underlies *holistic*, *holism*, and *holarchy* in philosophy and systems theory.
4. **Romanization standards**
* Chinese: **Hanyu Pinyin**
* Japanese: **Hepburn**
* Korean: **Revised Romanization**
* Semitic languages: scholarly transliteration
---
If you would like, I can:
* Contrast **whole / part / total / complete** across languages
* Provide **IPA phonetic transcriptions**
* Focus on **philosophical, legal, or systems-theory usage**
* Trace **etymological links between “whole” and “health”**"
[{2025-12-12 retrieved} https://chatgpt.com/c/693c3732-d790-8332-aeb6-785b2d58ad05]

01_attribute of whole

name::
* McsEngl.whole'01_attribute,
* McsEngl.whole'attribute,

description::
· a-whole-entity as entity has attributes.

specific-tree-of-::
* part-att,
* partNo-att,

02_part of whole

description::
· part-of-whole is an-attribute we consider internal.

name::
* McsEngl.PART,
* McsEngl.meronym!=part,
* McsEngl.internal-attribute--of-whole,
* McsEngl.part,
* McsEngl.part.lagoSngu!=deu,
* McsEngl.part.lagoElln!=μέρος!το,
* McsEngl.part-of-whole,
* McsEngl.part//whole,
* McsEngl.whole'01_part,
* McsEngl.whole's-part,
* McsEngl.whole/part,
====== lagoSinagu:
* McsSngu.deu!=part,
====== lagoChinese:
* McsEngl.bùfèn-部分!=part,
* McsZhon.bùfèn-部分!=part,
* McsZhon.部分-bùfèn!=part,
====== lagoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.parto!=part,
====== lagoGreek:
* McsElln.μέρος!το!=part,
====== lagoTurkish:
* McsTurk.bölüm!=part,
======
"Here are translations of the word “part” (in the sense of “piece, portion, component” or as a noun) in many major world languages. I’ve included the most common or standard word for “part” in each language, with a rough pronunciation guide where helpful.
| Language | Word for “part” | Approximate pronunciation |
| English | part | part |
| Spanish | parte | PAR-teh |
| French | partie / part | par-TEE / par |
| German | Teil | tile |
| Italian | parte | PAR-teh |
| Portuguese | parte | PAR-cheh (BR: PAR-chee) |
| Dutch | deel / onderdeel | dayl / on-der-dayl |
| Swedish | del | dehl |
| Danish | del | del |
| Norwegian | del | dehl |
| Finnish | osa | OH-sah |
| Russian | часть (chast’) | chahst |
| Ukrainian | частина (chastyna) | chas-TY-na |
| Polish | część | chenshch |
| Czech | část | chahst |
| Hungarian | rész | rayz |
| Romanian | parte | PAR-teh |
| Greek | μέρος (méros) | MEH-ros |
| Turkish | parça / kısım | PAR-cha / kuh-SUHM |
| Arabic | جزء (juz’) | jooz |
| Hebrew | חלק (chélek) | KHE-lek |
| Persian (Farsi) | بخش (bakhsh) / جزء | bakhsh / joz’ |
| Hindi | भाग (bhāg) | bhaag |
| Bengali | অংশ (ôṅśo) | ong-sho |
| Punjabi | ਹਿੱਸਾ (hissā) | his-saa |
| Urdu | حصہ (hissa) | his-sa |
| Tamil | பகுதி (paguthi) | pa-gu-thi |
| Telugu | భాగం (bhāgaṁ) | bhaa-gam |
| Kannada | ಭಾಗ (bhāga) | bhaa-ga |
| Malayalam | ഭാഗം (bhāgaṁ) | bhaa-gam |
| Indonesian/Malay | bagian | BAH-gee-ahn |
| Tagalog (Filipino)| bahagi | ba-HA-gee |
| Vietnamese | phần | fuhn (northern: fun) |
| Thai | ส่วน (sùan) | sùan |
| Korean | 부분 (bubun) | boo-boon |
| Japanese | 部分 (ぶぶん, bubun) | boo-boon |
| Mandarin Chinese | 部分 (bùfèn) | boo-fen |
| Cantonese | 部分 (bou6 fan6) | boh-fuhn |
| Swahili | sehemu | se-HE-moo |
| Amharic | ክፍል (kifil) | kif-l |
| Hausa | sashi | SA-shee |
| Yoruba | apá | ah-PAH |
| Zulu | ingxenye | ing-ZEN-yeh |
Note: Many languages have multiple words depending on context (e.g., “part” as in a movie role, hair part, mechanical part, etc.). The words above are the most general/common translations for “part = portion/piece/component.”
If you need the translation for a specific context or additional languages, just let me know!"
[{2025-12-04 retrieved} https://x.com/i/grok?conversation=1996538092707078536]

03_part--relation of whole

description::
· whole-part--relation is the-sequencedNo-relation between a-whole[a] and a-part of it[a].

name::
* McsEngl.whole'03_undirected-part-relation!⇒rlnWholePartU,
* McsEngl.whole'part-relation-undirected!⇒rlnWholePartU,
* McsEngl.part-whole-relation-undirected!⇒rlnWholePartU,
* McsEngl.relation.part-whole!⇒rlnWholePartU,
* McsEngl.relation.whole-part!⇒rlnWholePartU,
* McsEngl.rlnWholePartU,
* McsEngl.undirected---whole-part--relation!⇒rlnWholePartU,
* McsEngl.whole-part-relation-undirected!⇒rlnWholePartU,
====== lagoSinagu:
* McsSngu.ro-co-jo!=rlnWholePartU,
====== lagoGreek:
* McsElln.σχέση-όλου-μέρους!=rlnWholePartU,

04_partNo|environment of whole

description::
· environment-of-whole[a] is any attribute of it[a] which is-not part.
· environment is any wholeNo, partNo attribute.

name::
* McsEngl.whole'04_partNo!⇒environment,
* McsEngl.environment,
* McsEngl.environment!=PartNo,
* environment'(wholeNoPartNo)!⇒environment,
* McsEngl.environment-of-whole!⇒environment,
* partNoWholeNo!⇒environment,
* wholeNoPartNo!⇒environment,
* McsEngl.whole'environment!⇒environment,
* McsEngl.whole'partNo!⇒environment,
====== lagoGreek:
* McsElln.περιβάλλον-ολότητας!=environment,

05_resource of whole

name::
* McsEngl.whole'03_resource,
* McsEngl.whole'Infrsc,

addressWpg::
*

06_structure of whole

name::
* McsEngl.whole'06_structure,
* McsEngl.whole'structure,

description::
·

07_DOING of whole

name::
* McsEngl.whole'07_doing,
* McsEngl.whole'doing,

description::
·

08_EVOLUTING of whole

name::
* McsEngl.whole'08_evoluting,
* McsEngl.evoluting-of-whole,
* McsEngl.whole'evoluting,

{2019-10-22}::
=== McsHitp-creation:
· creation of current concept.

WHOLE-PART-TREE of whole

name::
* McsEngl.whole'whole-part-tree,

whole-tree-of-::
* whole,
* Sympan,

part-att::
* part,
* whole-part-relation,

Sympan whole

description::
· entityAgg ≡ Sympan ≡ the-outermost-whole.
· entity is a-generic-concept.
· it contains any individual-enity, all-entities, any specific-entity.
· more accurately, this concept (entity.aggregate) is the-same with Sympan. {2020-04-09},

name::
* McsEngl.whole'most!⇒Sympan,
* McsEngl.Cosmos!⇒Sympan,
* McsEngl.Sympan,
* McsEngl.Sympan/síban/!⇒Sympan,
* McsEngl.Smpn!=Sympan!⇒Sympan,
* McsEngl.Spn!⇒Sympan,
* McsEngl.Universe!⇒Sympan,
* McsEngl.all-entities!⇒Sympan,
* McsEngl.entityAgg!⇒Sympan,
* McsEngl.entity.001-aggregate!⇒Sympan,
* McsEngl.entity.aggregate!⇒Sympan,
* McsEngl.everything/évrithìn2/!⇒Sympan,
* McsEngl.most-whole!⇒Sympan,
* McsEngl.siban!⇒Sympan,
* McsEngl.simpan!⇒Sympan,
* McsEngl.sympan!⇒Sympan,
* McsEngl.the-most-whole!⇒Sympan,
* McsEngl.the-outermost-whole!⇒Sympan,
====== lagoChinese:
* McsEngl.shìjiè-世界!=entityAgg,
* McsZhon.shìjiè-世界!=entityAgg,
* McsZhon.世界-shìjiè!=entityAgg,
* McsEngl.yǔzhòu-宇宙!=entityAgg,
* McsZhon.yǔzhòu-宇宙!=entityAgg,
* McsZhon.宇宙-yǔzhòu!=entityAgg,
====== lagoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.universo!=enittyAgg,
====== lagoGreek:
* McsElln.Κόσμος!ο!=entityAgg,
* McsElln.Σύμπαν!το!=entityAgg,
* McsElln.όντα!τα!=entityAgg,

descriptionLong::
"The universe is bigger than your view of the universe."
[{2021-08-13 retrieved} https://twitter.com/ProfFeynman/status/1426055857154912262]

GENERIC-SPECIFIC-TREE of whole

name::
* McsEngl.whole'generic-specific-tree,

generic-tree-of-::
* whole, wholeNo,
* entity,

whole.collection-001

description::
· collection is a-whole-entity without PART structure.

name::
* McsEngl.COLLECTION,
* McsEngl.whole.001-collection!⇒collection,
* McsEngl.whole.collection-001!⇒collection,
* McsEngl.wholeCollection!⇒collection,
* McsEngl.collection,
====== lagoSinagu:
* McsSngu.co-kolekto!=collection,
====== lagoGreek:
* McsElln.συλλογή!η!=collection,
======
"Here’s **“collection” across many language families**, with **native script + common romanization**. I’ve grouped them by family so patterns are easier to see.
---
## Indo-European
### Germanic
* **English**: *collection*
* **German**: *Sammlung* — *Sammlung*
* **Dutch**: *verzameling* — *verzameling*
* **Swedish**: *samling* — *samling*
* **Icelandic**: *safn* — *safn*
### Romance
* **Latin**: *collectio* — *collectio*
* **French**: *collection* — *collection*
* **Italian**: *collezione* — *collezione*
* **Spanish**: *colección* — *colección*
* **Portuguese**: *coleção* — *coleção*
* **Romanian**: *colecție* — *colecție*
### Slavic
* **Russian**: коллекция — *kollektsiya*
* **Ukrainian**: колекція — *kolektsiia*
* **Polish**: *kolekcja*
* **Czech**: *sbírka*
* **Serbian**: колекција — *kolekcija*
* **Bulgarian**: колекция — *kolektsiya*
### Greek
* **Greek**: συλλογή — *syllogí*
---
## Uralic
* **Finnish**: *kokoelma*
* **Hungarian**: *gyűjtemény*
* **Estonian**: *kogu*
---
## Turkic
* **Turkish**: *koleksiyon*
* **Kazakh**: жинақ — *jınaq*
* **Azerbaijani**: *kolleksiya*
---
## Semitic
* **Arabic**: مجموعة — *majmūʿa*
* **Hebrew**: אוסף — *osef*
* **Amharic**: ስብስብ — *sɨbsɨb*
---
## Indo-Iranian
* **Persian (Farsi)**: مجموعه — *majmūʿe*
* **Hindi**: संग्रह — *saṅgrah*
* **Urdu**: مجموعہ — *majmūʿa*
* **Bengali**: সংগ্রহ — *sônggroho*
* **Sinhala**: එකතුව — *ekatuva*
---
## Sino-Tibetan
* **Chinese (Mandarin)**:
* 集合 — *jíhé* (abstract/set)
* 收藏 — *shōucáng* (collected items)
* **Cantonese**: 收藏 — *sau1 cong4*
* **Tibetan**: ཚོགས་པ — *tshogs pa*
---
## Japonic & Koreanic
* **Japanese**:
* コレクション — *korekushon* (loanword)
* 収集 — *shūshū*
* **Korean**:
* 수집 — *sujip*
* 컬렉션 — *keollek-syeon* (loanword)
---
## Austronesian
* **Indonesian / Malay**: *koleksi*
* **Tagalog (Filipino)**: *koleksiyon*
* **Javanese**: *kumpulan*
* **Maori**: *kohinga*
---
## Afro-Asiatic (non-Semitic)
* **Hausa**: *tarin*
---
## Niger-Congo
* **Swahili**: *mkusanyiko*
* **Yoruba**: *akopọ̀*
* **Zulu**: *iqoqo*
---
## Constructed / Technical Usage
* **Esperanto**: *kolekto*
---
### Interesting patterns
* **Latin *collectio*** → dominates Romance languages and many loanwords globally.
* **Semitic root (جمع J-M-ʿ)** → Arabic *majmūʿa*, Persian/Urdu borrowed forms.
* **Native verbs meaning “gather”** → Greek *syllogí*, Hindi *saṅgrah*, Swahili *mkusanyiko*.
If you want:
* a **comparison with “sequence”**,
* **computer-science meanings** (List / Set / Collection equivalents), or
* a **phonetic IPA table**,
just tell me."
[{2025-12-13 retrieved} https://chatgpt.com/c/693d134c-666c-8328-ae83-46aa110c2b28]

whole.system-002 (link)

whole.body-003

description::
· body-whole it is a-whole which is also a-body-(an-indepedent-entity).

name::
* McsEngl.body:whole,
* McsEngl.whole.003-body,
* McsEngl.whole.body,

whole.bodyNo-004

description::
· bodyNo-whole it is a-whole which is also a-bodyNo-(a-NON-indepedent-entity).

name::
* McsEngl.whole.004-bodyNo,
* McsEngl.whole.bodyNo,

meta-info

this webpage was-visited times since

page-wholepath: synagonism.net / worldviewSngo / dirCor / whole

SEARCH::
· this page uses 'locator-names', names that when you find them, you find the-LOCATION of the-concept they denote.
⊛ GLOBAL-SEARCH:
· clicking on the-green-BAR of a-page you have access to the-global--locator-names of my-site.
· use the-prefix 'whole' for sensorial-concepts related to current concept 'whole-entity'.
⊛ LOCAL-SEARCH:
· TYPE CTRL+F "McsLag4.words-of-concept's-name", to go to the-LOCATION of the-concept.
· a-preview of the-description of a-global-name makes reading fast.

footer::
• author: Kaseluris.Nikos.1959
• email:
 
• edit on github: https://github.com/synagonism/McsWorld/blob/master/dirCor/McsCor000008.last.html,
• comments on Disqus,
• twitter: @synagonism,

webpage-versions::
• version.last.dynamic: McsCor000008.last.html,
• version.1-0-0.2021-04-06: (0-43) ../../dirMiwMcs/dirCor/filMcsWhl.1-0-0.2021-04-06.html,
• version.0-1-0.2019-10-22 draft creation,

support (link)