ordinal-number of sequence

description::
· ordinal-number is a-name of an-order.

· "In English, there are four different suffixes for ordinal numbers: -st, -nd, -rd and -th. Chinese makes things a lot simpler by using one prefix for all ordinal numbers: 第 (dì). This character is simply placed in front of the number"
[{2023-07-08 retrieved} https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Ordinal_numbers_with_%22di%22]

name::
* McsEngl.ordinal-number,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.xùshù-cí-序数词!=ordinal-number,
* McsZhon.序数词-xùshù-cí!=ordinal-number,
====== langoGreek:
* McsElln.αριθμητικό.τακτικό!=ordinal-number,
* McsElln.τακτικό-αριθμητικό!=ordinal-number,

order.SPECIFIC

description::
* first-1st,
* second-2nd,
* third-3rd,
* forth-4th,
* fifth-6th,
...

name::
* McsEngl.order.specific,

order.1st

description::
·

name::
* McsEngl.1st!=order1,
* McsEngl.first!=order1,
* McsEngl.order1,
====== langoSinago:
* McsSngo.suro-fo!=order1,
====== langoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.unua!=order1,
====== langoGreek:
* McsEngl.adjeElln.πρώτος!ος-η-ο!=order1,
* McsElln.πρώτος!ος-η-ο!~adjeElln!=order1,

order.2nd

description::
"(n) second (following the first in an ordering or series) "he came in a close second""
[http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=second]

name::
* McsEngl.2nd!=order2,
* McsEngl.order2,
* McsEngl.second!=order2,
====== langoSinago:
* McsSngo.suro-tho!=order2,
====== langoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.dua!=order2,
====== langoGreek:
* McsEngl.adjeElln.δεύτερος!-ος-η-ο!=order2,
* McsElln.δεύτερος!-ος-η-ο!~adjeElln!=order2,

order.3rd

description::
· abstract-order third.
"(n) third (following the second position in an ordering or series) "a distant third"; "he answered the first question willingly, the second reluctantly, and the third with resentment""
[http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=third]

name::
* McsEngl.3rd!=order3,
* McsEngl.third!=order3,
====== langoSinago:
* McsSngo.suro-to!=order3,
====== langoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.tria!=order3,
====== langoGreek:
* McsEngl.adjeElln.τρίτος!-ος-η-ο!=order3,
* McsElln.τρίτος!-ος-η-ο!~adjeElln!=order3,

order.4th

description::
· abstract-order fourth.

name::
* McsEngl.4th!=order4,
* McsEngl.fourth!=order4,
* McsEngl.order4,
====== langoSinago:
* McsSngo.suro-so!=order4,
====== langoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.kvara!=order4,
====== langoGreek:
* McsEngl.adjeElln.τέταρτος!-ος-η-ο!=order4,
* McsElln.τέταρτος!-ος-η-ο!~adjeElln!=order4,

order.5th

description::
· abstract-order fifth.

name::
* McsEngl.5th!=order5,
* McsEngl.fifth!=order5,
* McsEngl.order5,
====== langoSinago:
* McsSngo.suro-co!=order5,
====== langoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.kvina!=order5,
====== langoGreek:
* McsElln.πέντε!το!=order5,
* McsEngl.adjeElln.πέμπτος!-ος-η-ο!=order5,
* McsElln.πέμπτος!-ος-η-ο!~adjeElln!=order5,

order.6th

description::
· abstract-order six.
"(n) sixth (position six in a countable series of things)"
[http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=sixth]

name::
* McsEngl.6th!=order6,
* McsEngl.sixth!=order6,
* McsEngl.order6,
====== langoSinago:
* McsSngo.suro-ko!=order6,
====== langoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.sesa!=order6,
====== langoGreek:
* McsEngl.adjeElln.έκτος!-ος-η-ο!=order6,
* McsElln.έκτος!-ος-η-ο!~adjeElln!=order6,

order.7th

description::
· abstract-order seventh.

name::
* McsEngl.7th!=order7,
* McsEngl.seventh!=order7,
* McsEngl.order7,
====== langoSinago:
* McsSngo.suro-ho!=order7,
====== langoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.sepa!=order7,
====== langoGreek:
* McsElln.εφτά-το!=order7,

order.8th

description::
· abstract-order eighth.

name::
* McsEngl.8th,
* McsEngl.eighth,
====== langoSinago:
* McsSngo.suro-mo!=8th,
====== langoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.oka,
====== langoGreek:
* McsEngl.adjeElln.όγδοος!=όγδοος-η-ο,
* McsElln.όγδοος!~adjeElln!=όγδοος-η-ο,

order.9th

description::
· abstract-order nine.

name::
* McsEngl.9th,
* McsEngl.ninth,
====== langoSinago:
* McsSngo.suro-ro!=9th,
====== langoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.naŭa,
====== langoGreek:
* McsEngl.adjeElln.ένατος!=ένατος-η-ο,
* McsElln.ένατος!~adjeElln!=ένατος-η-ο,

order.10th

description::
· abstract-order ten.

name::
* McsEngl.10th!=order10,
* McsEngl.tenth!=order10,
* McsEngl.order10,
====== langoSinago:
* McsSngo.suro-foPo!=order10,
====== langoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.deka!=order10,
====== langoGreek:
* McsEngl.adjeElln.δέκατος!-ος-η-ο!=order10,
* McsElln.δέκατος!-ος-η-ο!~adjeElln!=order10,

order.11th

description::
·

name::
* McsEngl.11th,
* McsEngl.eleventh,
====== langoSinago:
* McsSngo.suro-foFo!=11th,
====== langoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.dekunua,
====== langoGreek:
* McsEngl.adjeElln.ενδέκατος!=ενδέκατος-η-ο,
* McsElln.ενδέκατος!~adjeElln!=ενδέκατος-η-ο,

order.12th

description::
·

name::
* McsEngl.12th,
* McsEngl.twelfth,
====== langoSinago:
* McsSngo.suro-foTho!=12th,
====== langoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.dekdua,
====== langoGreek:
* McsEngl.adjeElln.δωδέκατος!=δωδέκατος-η-ο,
* McsElln.δωδέκατος!~adjeElln!=δωδέκατος-η-ο,

order.13th

description::
"(n) thirteenth (position 13 in a countable series of things)"
[http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=thirteenth]

name::
* McsEngl.13th,
* McsEngl.thirteenth,
====== langoSinago:
* McsSngo.suro-foTho!=13th,
====== langoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.dektria,
====== langoGreek:
* McsEngl.adjeElln.δέκατος-τρίτος!=δέκατος-τρίτος-η-ο,
* McsElln.δέκατος-τρίτος!~adjeElln!=δέκατος-τρίτος-η-ο,

order.20th

description::
·

name::
* McsEngl.20th,
* McsEngl.twentieth,
====== langoSinago:
* McsSngo.suro-thoPo!=20th,
====== langoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.dudeka,
====== langoGreek:
* McsEngl.adjeElln.εικοσιοστός!=εικοσιοστός-η-ο,
* McsElln.εικοσιοστός!~adjeElln!=εικοσιοστός-η-ο,

order.21st

description::
·

name::
* McsEngl.21st,
* McsEngl.twentieth-first,
====== langoSinago:
* McsSngo.suro-thoPo!=21st,
====== langoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.dudeka-unua,
====== langoGreek:
* McsEngl.adjeElln.εικοσιοστός-πρώτος!=εικοσιοστός-πρώτος-η-ο,
* McsElln.εικοσιοστός-πρώτος!~adjeElln!=εικοσιοστός-πρώτος-η-ο,

order.99th

description::
·

name::
* McsEngl.99th,
* McsEngl.ninetieth-ninth,
====== langoSinago:
* McsSngo.suro-roRo!=99th,
====== langoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.naŭdeka-naŭa,
====== langoGreek:
* McsEngl.adjeElln.ενενηκοστός-ένατος!=ενενηκοστός-ένατος-η-ο,
* McsElln.ενενηκοστός-ένατος!~adjeElln!=ενενηκοστός-ένατος-η-ο,

order.100th

description::
·

name::
* McsEngl.100th,
* McsEngl.hundredth,
====== langoSinago:
* McsSngo.suro-foPoPo!=100th,
====== langoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.centa,
====== langoGreek:
* McsEngl.adjeElln.εκατοστός!=εκατοστός-η-ο,
* McsElln.εκατοστός!~adjeElln!=εκατοστός-η-ο,

order.101st

description::
·

name::
* McsEngl.101st,
* McsEngl.one-hundredth-first,
====== langoSinago:
* McsSngo.suro-foPoFo!=101st,
====== langoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.centa-unua,
====== langoGreek:
* McsEngl.adjeElln.εκατοστός-πρώτος!=εκατοστός-πρώτος-η-ο,
* McsElln.εκατοστός-πρώτος!~adjeElln!=εκατοστός-πρώτος-η-ο,

order.200th

description::
·

name::
* McsEngl.200th,
* McsEngl.two-hundredth,
====== langoSinago:
* McsSngo.suro-thoPoPo!=200th,
====== langoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.ducenta,
====== langoGreek:
* McsEngl.adjeElln.διακοσιοστός!=διακοσιοστός-η-ο,
* McsElln.διακοσιοστός!~adjeElln!=διακοσιοστός-η-ο,

order.999th

description::
·

name::
* McsEngl.999th,
* McsEngl.nine-hundredth-ninetieth-ninth,
====== langoSinago:
* McsSngo.suro-roRoRo!=999th,
====== langoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.naŭcenta-naŭdeka-naŭa,
====== langoGreek:
* McsEngl.adjeElln.εννιακοσιοστός-ενενηκοστός-ένατος!=ενιακοστός-ενενηκοστός-ένατος-η-ο,
* McsElln.εννιακοσιοστός-ενενηκοστός-ένατος!~adjeElln!=ενιακοστός-ενενηκοστός-ένατος-η-ο,

order.1'000th (1000^1)

description::
·

name::
* McsEngl.1'000th,
* McsEngl.thousandth,
====== langoSinago:
* McsSngo.suro-Kilo1Fo!=1'000th,
====== langoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.mila,
====== langoGreek:
* McsEngl.adjeElln.χιλιοστός!=χιλιοστός-η-ο,
* McsElln.χιλιοστός!~adjeElln!=χιλιοστός-η-ο,

order.1'001st

description::
·

name::
* McsEngl.1001st,
* McsEngl.one-thousandth-first,
====== langoSinago:
* McsSngo.suro-Kilo1Fo-Kilo0PoPoFo!=1'001st,
====== langoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.unu-mila-unua,
====== langoGreek:
* McsEngl.adjeElln.χιλιοστός-πρώτος!=χιλιοστός-πρώτος-η-ο,
* McsElln.χιλιοστός-πρώτος!~adjeElln!=χιλιοστός-πρώτος-η-ο,

order.2000th

description::
·

name::
* McsEngl.2000th,
* McsEngl.two-thousandth,
====== langoSinago:
* McsSngo.suro-Kilo1Tho!=2'000th,
====== langoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.dumila,
====== langoGreek:
* McsEngl.adjeElln.δις-χιλιοστός!=δις-χιλιοστός-η-ο,
* McsElln.δις-χιλιοστός!~adjeElln!=δις-χιλιοστός-η-ο,

order.999'999th

description::
·

name::
* McsEngl.999'999th,
* McsEngl.nine-hundredth-ninetieth-ninth-thousandth-nine-hundredth-ninetieth-ninth,
====== langoSinago:
* McsSngo.suro-Kilo1RoRoRo-Kilo0RoRoRo!=999'999th,
====== langoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.naŭcenta-naŭdeka-naŭa-mila-naŭcenta-naŭdeka-naŭa,
====== langoGreek:
* McsEngl.adjeElln.εννιακοσιοστός-ενενηκοστός-ένατος-χιλιοστός-εννιακοσιοστός-ενενηκοστός-ένατος!=,
* McsElln.εννιακοσιοστός-ενενηκοστός-ένατος-χιλιοστός-εννιακοσιοστός-ενενηκοστός-ένατος!~adjeElln!=,

order.1'000'000th (1000^2)

description::
·

name::
* McsEngl.1'000'000th,
* McsEngl.millionth,
====== langoSinago:
* McsSngo.suro-Kilo2Fo!=1'000'000th,
====== langoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.unu-miliona,
====== langoGreek:
* McsEngl.adjeElln.εκατομμυριοστός!=εκατομμυριοστός-η-ο,
* McsElln.εκατομμυριοστός!~adjeElln!=εκατομμυριοστός-η-ο,

order.2'000'000th

description::
·

name::
* McsEngl.2'000'000th,
* McsEngl.two-millionth,
====== langoSinago:
* McsSngo.suro-Kilo2Tho!=2'000'000th,
====== langoGreek:
====== langoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.du-miliona,
* McsEngl.adjeElln.δύο-εκατομμυριοστός!=δύο-εκατομμυριοστός-η-ο,
* McsElln.δύο-εκατομμυριοστός!~adjeElln!=δύο-εκατομμυριοστός-η-ο,

order.1'000'000'000th (1000^3)

description::
·

name::
* McsEngl.1'000'000'000th,
* McsEngl.billionth,
====== langoSinago:
* McsSngo.suro-Kilo3Fo!=1'000'000'000th,
====== langoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.miliarda,
====== langoGreek:
* McsEngl.adjeElln.δισεκατομμυριοστός!=δισεκατομμυριοστός-η-ο,
* McsElln.δισεκατομμυριοστός!~adjeElln!=δισεκατομμυριοστός-η-ο,

order.1'000'000'000'000th (1000^4)

description::
·

name::
* McsEngl.1'000'000'000'000th,
* McsEngl.trillionth,
====== langoSinago:
* McsSngo.suro-Kilo4Fo!=1'000'000'000'000th,
====== langoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.duiliona,
====== langoGreek:
* McsEngl.adjeElln.τρισεκατομμυριοστός!=τρισεκατομμυριοστός-η-ο,
* McsElln.τρισεκατομμυριοστός!~adjeElln!=τρισεκατομμυριοστός-η-ο,

order.1'000'000'000'000'000th (1000^5)

description::
·

name::
* McsEngl.1'000'000'000'000'000th,
* McsEngl.quadrillionth,
====== langoSinago:
* McsSngo.suro-Kilo5Fo!=1'000'000'000'000'000th,
====== langoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.kvariliona,
====== langoGreek:
* McsEngl.adjeElln.τετράκις-εκατομμυριοστός!=τετράκις-εκατομμυριοστός-η-ο,
* McsElln.τετράκις-εκατομμυριοστός!~adjeElln!=τετράκις-εκατομμυριοστός-η-ο,

order.relative

description::
· relative-order is order defined in relation to another order.

name::
* McsEngl.order.relative,
* McsEngl.relative-order,

order.relativeNo

description::
· absolute-order is order NOT defined in relation to another order.

name::
* McsEngl.absolute-order,
* McsEngl.order.relativeNo,
* McsEngl.relativeNo-order,

children-number of tree-node

description::
· children-number-of-node is the-number of its children.

name::
* McsEngl.tree-node'children-number,
* McsEngl.tree-node'degree,

level-number of tree-node

description::
· level-number--of--tree-node is a-number that denotes the-number of levels from the-top OR bottom level of the-tree.

name::
* McsEngl.tree-node'level-number,

path of tree-node

description::
· path-of-node\a\ is the-sequence of nodes and edges from node\a\ to root or the-opposite.

name::
* McsEngl.tree-node'chain,
* McsEngl.tree-node'path,

specific::
* generic-chain,
* whole-chain,

tree-node.SPECIFIC

description::
* anchestor-node,
* branch-node,
* child-node,
* decendant-node,
* leaf-node,
* leafNo-node,
* level-of-tree,
* neighbor-node,
* parent-node,
* root-node,
* sibling-node,
* subtree,

name::
* McsEngl.tree-node.specific,

tree-node.root

description::
· root is the-most higher node.
· root-level--of-systTree is the-most higher level-of-tree.
· root-level and root are same entities.

name::
* McsEngl.tree-node.root,
* McsEngl.root-level--of-systTree,
* McsEngl.root-node--of-systTree,
* McsEngl.top-level--of-systTree,
* McsEngl.systTree'root-level,

tree-node.child

description::
· child-node of node\a\ is a-node that directly follows node\a\.

name::
* McsEngl.child-node--of--tree-system,
* McsEngl.tree-node.child,

tree-node.parent

description::
· parent-node of node\a\ is a-node that directly preceds node\a\.
· all nodes have one parent except root.

name::
* McsEngl.parent-node--of--tree-system,
* McsEngl.tree-node.parent,

tree-node.neighbor

description::
· neighbo-node of node\a\ is any node which is parent or child of node\a\.

name::
* McsEngl.neighbor-node--of--tree-system,
* McsEngl.tree-node.neighbor,

tree-node.leaf

description::
· leaf-node is a-node without children.

name::
* McsEngl.leaf-node--of--tree-system,
* McsEngl.tree-node.external,
* McsEngl.tree-node.leaf,

tree-node.leafNo

description::
· leafNo-node is a-node with children.

name::
* McsEngl.leafNo-node--of--tree-system,
* McsEngl.tree-node.branch,
* McsEngl.tree-node.internal,
* McsEngl.tree-node.leafNo,

tree-node.ancestor

description::
· ancestor-node of node\a\ is any node that preceds node\a\.

name::
* McsEngl.ancestor-node--of--tree-system,
* McsEngl.tree-node.ancestor,

tree-node.descendant

description::
· descendant-node of node\a\ is any node that follows node\a\.

name::
* McsEngl.descendant-node--of--tree-system,
* McsEngl.tree-node.descendant,

tree-node.sibling

description::
· sibling-node of node\a\ is any node which shares same parent with node\a\.

name::
* McsEngl.sibling-node--of--tree-system,
* McsEngl.tree-node.sibling,

tree-node.level

description::
· level-of--tree-system is the-set of nodes with the-same level-number.

name::
* McsEngl.level--of--tree-system!⇒tree-level,
* McsEngl.systTree'03_level!⇒tree-level,
* McsEngl.systTree'level!⇒tree-level,
* McsEngl.tree-level,
* McsEngl.tree-node.level!⇒tree-level,

tree-node.subtree

description::
· subtree of tree\a\ is a-node\b\ of tree\a\ and all its\b\ descendants.

name::
* McsEngl.subtree,
* McsEngl.tree-node.subtree,

treeGs'taxon

description::
· taxon is a-node of a-generic-tree.

name::
* McsEngl.taxa!~plural-of-taxon,
* McsEngl.taxon,
* McsEngl.treeGs'taxon,

relation-to-ontology of treeGs

description::
">taxonomy vs ontology:
Taxonomy and ontology are both terms used in the context of organizing information, but they have distinct meanings and applications. Here's an overview of the key differences between taxonomy and ontology:

### Taxonomy:
1. **Definition:**
- **Taxonomy** refers to the science of classification. In information organization, it involves the arrangement of entities into hierarchical categories based on shared characteristics.

2. **Hierarchy:**
- Taxonomies are typically hierarchical structures where entities are organized into parent-child relationships. Each level in the hierarchy represents a broader or more general category.

3. **Purpose:**
- The primary purpose of a taxonomy is to classify and categorize information to make it easier to navigate and understand. Taxonomies are often used for organizing content, such as in libraries, websites, or product catalogs.

4. **Controlled Vocabulary:**
- Taxonomies often come with a controlled vocabulary, meaning there's a predefined set of terms used to categorize entities. This helps maintain consistency in classification.

### Ontology:
1. **Definition:**
- **Ontology** is a broader and more formalized framework for representing knowledge. It defines the relationships between concepts and provides a more detailed and semantically rich description of a domain.

2. **Representation:**
- Ontologies use a more expressive and structured representation, often involving relationships, properties, and axioms. They aim to capture the meaning of concepts and their interconnections.

3. **Semantics:**
- Ontologies are concerned with the semantics of information. They go beyond mere categorization and aim to represent the meaning and relationships between different concepts within a domain.

4. **Interoperability:**
- Ontologies are used to promote interoperability between systems by providing a shared understanding of a domain. They enable machines to reason about concepts in a standardized way.

5. **Applications:**
- Ontologies find applications in various fields such as artificial intelligence, knowledge representation, and the Semantic Web. They are used for modeling complex relationships and supporting more advanced forms of information retrieval and inference.

In summary, while taxonomy focuses on the hierarchical classification of entities for the purpose of organization and navigation, ontology goes further by providing a formalized and semantically rich representation of knowledge with a focus on meaning and relationships. Both taxonomy and ontology are valuable tools in information management, and they can complement each other in creating structured and meaningful representations of information."
[{2023-11-14 retrieved} https://chat.openai.com/c/d54f0a84-9dfd-4768-b22d-276ed183764d]

name::
* McsEngl.ontology'relation-to-taxonomy,
* McsEngl.taxonomy'relation-to-ontology,
* McsEngl.treeGs'relation-to-ontology,

treeGs.generic-tree--of-concept

description::
· generic-tree--of-concept is a-generic-specific-tree with the-concept on the-bottom-level.

name::
* McsEngl.generic-tree--of-concept,
* McsEngl.treeGs.generic-of-concept,

treeGs.specific-tree--of-concept

description::
· specific-tree--of-concept is a-generic-specific-tree with the-concept on the-root-level.

name::
* McsEngl.specific-tree--of-concept,
* McsEngl.treeGs.specific-of-concept,

treeWp'meron

description::
· meron is a-node of a-whole-tree.

name::
* McsEngl.meron,
* McsEngl.treeWp'meron,

namingA treeEvl

description::
· parent;child,
· child;;parent,

name::
* McsEngl.child;;parent,
* McsEngl.namingA.child-parent,
* McsEngl.namingA.parent-child,
* McsEngl.namingA.treeEvolutionary,
* McsEngl.parent;child,

dynamical-systems-theory of sysDynamic

description::
"Dynamical systems theory is an area of mathematics used to describe the behavior of the complex dynamical systems, usually by employing differential equations or difference equations. When differential equations are employed, the theory is called continuous dynamical systems. From a physical point of view, continuous dynamical systems is a generalization of classical mechanics, a generalization where the equations of motion are postulated directly and are not constrained to be Euler–Lagrange equations of a least action principle. When difference equations are employed, the theory is called discrete dynamical systems. When the time variable runs over a set that is discrete over some intervals and continuous over other intervals or is any arbitrary time-set such as a Cantor set, one gets dynamic equations on time scales. Some situations may also be modeled by mixed operators, such as differential-difference equations.
This theory deals with the long-term qualitative behavior of dynamical systems, and studies the nature of, and when possible the solutions of, the equations of motion of systems that are often primarily mechanical or otherwise physical in nature, such as planetary orbits and the behaviour of electronic circuits, as well as systems that arise in biology, economics, and elsewhere. Much of modern research is focused on the study of chaotic systems.
This field of study is also called just dynamical systems, mathematical dynamical systems theory or the mathematical theory of dynamical systems."
[{2020-07-14} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamical_systems_theory]

name::
* McsEngl.dynamical-systems-theory,
* McsEngl.sysDynamic'att003-dynamical-systems-theory,
* McsEngl.sysDynamic'dynamical-systems-theory,

dynamical-systems-theory of sysDynamic

description::
"System dynamics (SD) is an approach to understanding the nonlinear behaviour of complex systems over time using stocks, flows, internal feedback loops, table functions and time delays.[1][2]"
[{2020-07-14} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_dynamics]

name::
* McsEngl.SD-system-dynamics,
* McsEngl.sysDynamic'att004-system-dynamics,
* McsEngl.sysDynamic'system-dynamics,
* McsEngl.system-dynamics-SD,

state of sysDynamic

description::
· state-of-sysDynamic is its structure at a-time-point.

name::
* McsEngl.sysDynamic'att002-state,
* McsEngl.sysDynamic'state,

GENERIC-TREE of sysDynamic

generic-of-sysDynamic::
* system,

attribute-tree-of-sysDynamic::
* ,

att-tree-inherited-from::
· :
* ,

att-tree-own-of-sysDynamic::
* ,

SPECIFIC-TREE of sysDynamic

specific-of-sysDynamic::
* self-sysDynamic,
* selfNo-sysDynamic,
===
* bio-sysDynamic,
* bioNo-sysDynamic,
===
* machine,

control-theory of sciMngsys

description::
">control theory overview:
Control theory is a branch of engineering and mathematics that deals with the behavior of dynamical systems with inputs, and how their behavior is modified by feedback. The foundation of control theory lies in the mathematical modeling of systems and the analysis of how these systems respond to changes in inputs and initial conditions. The main goal of control theory is to develop control strategies that can achieve desired outcomes, such as stability, accuracy, and performance, despite the presence of uncertainties and disturbances.
The concept of feedback is central to control theory. Feedback is the process of using the output of a system to influence its input in a way that the system achieves the desired behavior. This can be done in two primary ways: negative feedback, which is used to reduce the difference between the desired output and the actual output, thereby stabilizing the system; and positive feedback, which can amplify outputs but may lead to instability if not carefully managed.
Control theory is applied across a wide range of disciplines, including:
- **Electrical engineering:** for the design of control systems in electrical circuits and power systems.
- **Mechanical engineering:** in systems such as automotive control systems, flight control systems, and industrial automation.
- **Chemical engineering:** for process control in chemical plants and refineries.
- **Aerospace engineering:** for controlling the flight dynamics of aircraft and spacecraft.
- **Robotics:** for the control of robot movements and operations.
The study of control theory involves various mathematical techniques and theories, including:
- **Linear control theory,** which deals with systems that can be described using linear differential equations. Tools such as Laplace transforms, transfer functions, and state-space representations are commonly used.
- **Nonlinear control theory,** for systems that cannot be adequately described by linear equations. This requires more complex mathematical tools and methods.
- **Optimal control,** which involves finding a control strategy that optimizes a certain performance criterion, often subject to constraints.
- **Adaptive control,** where the control strategy adapts to changes in the system parameters or the environment.
- **Robust control,** which aims to maintain control performance in the presence of uncertainties and variations in system dynamics.
Control theory uses a systematic approach to design controllers that will cause a system to behave in a desired manner. This involves the formulation of a control law, which can be implemented using various types of controllers, such as PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controllers, which are widely used in industrial applications due to their simplicity and effectiveness."
[{2024-02-22 retrieved} https://chat.openai.com/c/cb90b6ed-7c23-4f0c-a212-5a0bd978f979]

name::
* McsEngl.control-theory,
* McsEngl.sciMngsys'control-theory,

cybernetics of sciMngsys

description::
">cybernetics:
Cybernetics is a transdisciplinary approach for exploring regulatory systems, their structures, constraints, and possibilities. The core concept of cybernetics is the study of feedback and derived concepts such as communication and control in living organisms, machines, and organizations. Its focus is on how systems use information and feedback to control their operations and adapt to changing environments.
The term "cybernetics" was first defined by Norbert Wiener, an American mathematician, in his book "Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine" (1948). Wiener's work laid the foundation for cybernetics, drawing from various disciplines including electrical engineering, mathematics, biology, neurophysiology, anthropology, and psychology.
Cybernetics has been influential in numerous fields, including robotics, computer science, systems theory, psychology, and the philosophy of mind. It has contributed to the development of artificial intelligence, cognitive science, and complex systems, offering insights into how systems can be designed, controlled, and understood.
One of the key concepts in cybernetics is the feedback loop, a process through which systems self-regulate by adjusting their actions based on differences between their actual state and their desired state. This concept is applied in various technologies, such as in the development of autonomous systems and in understanding how living organisms maintain homeostasis.
Despite its wide-ranging applications, cybernetics is not without its critics, who argue that its focus on systems and feedback mechanisms can oversimplify complex human and social behaviors. Nonetheless, cybernetics continues to provide a valuable framework for exploring the principles of system dynamics and information flow across different domains."
[{2024-02-22 retrieved} https://chat.openai.com/c/55fb6468-6867-4d83-a9d0-69a794afec43]

name::
* McsEngl.cybernetics,
* McsEngl.sciMngsys'cybernetics,

synergetics of sciMngsys

description::
">synergetics:
Synergetics refers to a system of holistic thinking proposed by R. Buckminster Fuller, an American architect, systems theorist, author, designer, inventor, and futurist. The term "synergetics" is derived from the Greek word "synergos," meaning working together, and Fuller used it to describe an interdisciplinary approach to exploring and explaining the complex interactions and systems in both physical and metaphysical realms. It encompasses a broad range of ideas, from the geometric structuring principles of nature to the dynamic interplay of forces within the universe.
Fuller's concept of synergetics is built on the principle that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts, a concept also known as synergy. He believed that by understanding the principles of synergy, one could better understand the underlying patterns and structures that govern the universe. Synergetics seeks to provide a methodological framework for understanding and solving complex problems by looking at the interconnections and relationships between components rather than focusing on individual parts in isolation.
In practical terms, Fuller applied synergetics to various fields, including architecture, where he is famous for his design of the geodesic dome—a lightweight, cost-effective structure that can cover large areas without internal supports, exemplifying the principles of energetic and material efficiency. Synergetics has influenced a wide range of disciplines beyond architecture, including engineering, environmental science, philosophy, and systems theory, offering insights into the design, sustainability, and understanding of complex systems."
[{2024-02-22 retrieved} https://chat.openai.com/c/460ce088-65cd-4d9e-b0ac-f606933a4acb]

name::
* McsEngl.sciMngsys'synergetics,
* McsEngl.synergetics,

GENERIC-TREE of sysManaging

generic-of-sysManaging::
* system,

attribute-tree-of-sysManaging::
* ,

att-tree-inherited-from::
· :
* ,

att-tree-own-of-sysManaging::
* ,

SPECIFIC-TREE of sysManaging

specific-of-sysManaging::
* internal-sysManaging,
* internalNo-sysManaging,
* internalBoth-sysManaging,
===
* bio-sysManaging,
* bioNo-sysManaging,

sensory-system of sysMngBio

description::
·

name::
* McsEngl.sysMngBio'att001-sensory-sys,
* McsEngl.sysMngBio'sensory-sys,

info (link) of sysMngBio

sensory-sys of sysMngOgm

description::
· the-subsystem that senses the external and internal environment of the-organism.

name::
* McsEngl.sysMngOgm'att001-sensory-sys,
* McsEngl.sysMngOgm'sensory-sys,

info-sys of sysMngOgm

description::
· it is the-system that manages info (process, stores, communicates, learns).

name::
* McsEngl.sysMngOgm'att002-info-sys,
* McsEngl.sysMngOgm'info-sys,

DOING of sysMngOgm

description::
· any doing of the-system.

name::
* McsEngl.intelligence-of-organism,
* McsEngl.sysMngOgm'intelligence,

specific-tree-of-::
* sensing,
* storing-info,
* retrieving-info
* communicating-info,
* processing-info,
** adapting,
** learning,
** decisioning,
** comparing,
** combining,
** problem-solving,
** goal-setting,
** goal-achieving,

sensory-sys of sysMngPlant

description::
"Botanical research has revealed that plants are capable of reacting to a broad variety of stimuli, including chemicals, gravity, light, moisture, infections, temperature, oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations, parasite infestation, disease, physical disruption, sound,[3][4][5][6] and touch."
[{2020-09-19} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_perception_(physiology)]

"sensory system of plants
Plants do not have sensory systems in the same way that animals do, as they lack a nervous system and specialized sensory organs like eyes, ears, or noses. However, plants have evolved various mechanisms and responses to detect and respond to changes in their environment. These responses are more often associated with growth, development, and survival rather than traditional senses.
Here are some ways in which plants perceive and respond to their environment:
* Photoreception: Plants can sense light through photoreceptors, such as phytochromes and cryptochromes. They use these receptors to detect light quality, intensity, duration, and direction. This information helps plants in processes like phototropism (growth toward light) and photoperiodism (timing of flowering).
* Gravitropism: Plants can detect gravity through specialized cells containing statoliths. This enables them to grow in the direction of gravity, allowing roots to grow down into the soil and stems to grow upward against gravity.
* Thigmotropism: Some plants can respond to mechanical touch or contact with their surroundings. For example, tendrils in climbing plants like peas can coil around supports when they come into contact with them.
* Chemical Sensing: Plants can perceive and respond to various chemical signals in their environment. They can detect chemical cues from neighboring plants, herbivore-induced damage, and even soil chemistry. This helps them activate defense mechanisms, adjust growth patterns, or initiate chemical signaling between plants.
* Temperature Sensing: Plants have temperature sensors that help them adapt to temperature changes. Extreme temperatures can trigger various responses, including dormancy, flowering, and stress responses.
* Water Sensing: Plants have sensors to detect water availability in their surroundings. They can adjust their water uptake and transpiration rates based on moisture levels in the soil and air.
* Electrical Signaling: Plants can generate and transmit electrical signals in response to various environmental stimuli. These signals are involved in rapid responses to stress or injury, such as closing of Venus flytrap leaves when triggered by touch.
* Sensory Responses: Although not the same as animal senses, plants can respond to their environment through various growth patterns and movements. For example, the opening and closing of flowers in response to light and temperature changes.
It's essential to understand that these responses are typically slower and less dynamic than animal sensory responses. Instead of a central nervous system, plants rely on complex signaling pathways involving hormones and growth regulators to coordinate their responses to environmental cues. These mechanisms enable plants to adapt to their surroundings and optimize their growth and survival."
[{2023-09-02 retrieved} https://chat.openai.com/?model=text-davinci-002-render-sha]

name::
* McsEngl.sensory-sys-of-plant,
* McsEngl.sysMngPlant'att002-sensory-sys,
* McsEngl.sysMngPlant'sensory-sys,

info-sys of sysMngPlant

description::
"info system of plants
Plants have fascinating and intricate information systems that allow them to respond to their environment, adapt to changing conditions, and carry out essential functions for growth and survival. Here are some key aspects of the information systems in plants:
* Sensory Perception: Plants have various sensory mechanisms that enable them to perceive and respond to environmental cues. These include photoreceptors that detect light, gravity-sensing mechanisms, and sensors for temperature, humidity, and nutrient levels in the soil.
* Chemical Signaling: Plants use a complex system of chemical signals to communicate within themselves and with other organisms. Some of the most well-known signaling molecules in plants are phytohormones, such as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, and ethylene. These hormones regulate various growth and developmental processes.
* Photoreception: Plants can detect different wavelengths of light using photoreceptors. The most important photoreceptors are phytochromes and cryptochromes, which help plants adjust their growth patterns, flowering, and other processes in response to light conditions.
* Thigmomorphogenesis: Plants can sense mechanical stimulation, such as wind or touch, and adjust their growth patterns accordingly. This phenomenon is known as thigmomorphogenesis and helps plants adapt to their physical environment.
* Nutrient Sensing: Plants can sense the availability of essential nutrients in the soil through the root system. They can modify their root architecture and nutrient uptake in response to nutrient gradients.
* Defense Mechanisms: When plants are under attack by herbivores or pathogens, they can release chemical signals, such as volatile organic compounds, to attract predators or activate defense mechanisms like the production of toxins or secondary metabolites.
* Electrical Signaling: Plants can transmit electrical signals across their tissues in response to various stimuli. These signals are involved in rapid responses to environmental stress, such as closing of stomata to prevent water loss during drought.
* Epigenetic Information: Plants can also store information epigenetically. Epigenetic changes involve modifications to DNA or histones that can be inherited through cell division. These changes can affect gene expression and responses to environmental cues.
* Communication and Signaling: Plants can communicate with each other through chemical signaling. For example, when a plant is attacked by herbivores, it may release volatile compounds that neighboring plants can detect, prompting them to produce defensive chemicals.
* Memory and Learning: Some recent research suggests that plants may have a form of memory and learning. They can adjust their responses based on past experiences with environmental conditions.
* Circadian Rhythms: Plants have internal biological clocks that regulate various physiological processes, including growth and flowering, in response to the time of day and night. These clocks help plants optimize their energy usage and adapt to changing seasons.
* Developmental Programming: Plants can program their growth and development based on environmental cues. For example, exposure to cold temperatures during winter can trigger the vernalization process in some plants, ensuring they flower in the spring.
In summary, plants have sophisticated information systems that enable them to sense and respond to their surroundings, adjust their growth and development, and defend themselves against environmental stressors. These systems are crucial for their survival and adaptation in diverse ecosystems."
[{2023-09-29 retrieved} https://chat.openai.com/c/fdc0c6bc-0e19-4c3e-a25a-78978931e2d6]

name::
* McsEngl.sysMngPlant'att003-info-sys,
* McsEngl.sysMngPlant'info-sys,

generic-tree-of-::
* info-sys-of-organism,

perception of sysMngPlant

description::
"In botany, plant perception is the ability of plants to sense the environment and adjust their morphology, physiology and phenotype accordingly.[1] Research draws on the fields of plant physiology, ecology and molecular biology. Examples of stimuli which plants perceive and can react to include chemicals, gravity, light, moisture, infections, temperature, oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations, parasite infestation, physical disruption, and touch. Plants have a variety of means to detect such stimuli and a variety of reaction responses or behaviors.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_perception_(physiology)]"

"Plant perception, also known as plant sensory perception or plant cognition, refers to the ability of plants to detect and respond to various environmental cues and stimuli. While plants do not have nervous systems or brains like animals, they have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to sense their surroundings and adapt to changing conditions. Here are some key aspects of plant perception:
* Light Perception: Plants can sense light through photoreceptors, such as phytochromes and cryptochromes. These receptors allow them to detect the intensity, direction, and quality of light. This information is crucial for processes like photosynthesis, phototropism (growth toward light), and circadian rhythms.
* Gravity Perception: Plants can perceive gravity through specialized cells called statocytes. This perception helps them determine the direction of growth, with roots typically growing toward gravity (positive gravitropism) and stems growing away from it (negative gravitropism).
* Touch Perception: Plants can detect physical contact and mechanical stimuli, which can trigger responses like thigmotropism (growth in response to touch) and thigmonasty (movement in response to touch). For example, the Venus flytrap closes its leaves in response to touch when an insect lands on it.
* Chemical Perception: Plants can sense and respond to various chemical signals, including those produced by neighboring plants, herbivores, and pathogens. This perception allows them to initiate defense mechanisms, such as the production of toxins or signaling other plants to prepare for impending threats.
* Temperature Perception: Plants can sense temperature changes, which can affect their growth and development. Temperature perception is essential for determining when to flower, when to germinate, and when to go dormant.
* Water Perception: Plants have mechanisms to detect soil moisture levels. When the soil becomes too dry, they can trigger responses like stomatal closure to conserve water or initiate root growth in search of moisture.
* Sound Perception (Controversial): Some studies have suggested that plants may respond to sound vibrations. While this area of research is still debated, some experiments have shown that certain vibrations or sounds can influence plant growth and behavior.
* Electrochemical Signaling: Plants can transmit electrical signals, often referred to as action potentials, in response to various stimuli. These signals help coordinate responses to stressors and environmental changes.
It's important to note that plant perception and responses are often slow and mediated by biochemical processes rather than the rapid neural responses seen in animals. Nevertheless, plants demonstrate a remarkable ability to sense and adapt to their environment, allowing them to survive and thrive in diverse conditions. This field of study continues to reveal new insights into the complex ways in which plants interact with their surroundings."
[{2023-09-03 retrieved} https://chat.openai.com/?model=text-davinci-002-render-sha]

name::
* McsEngl.sysMngPlant'att001-perception,
* McsEngl.sysMngPlant'perception-att001,
* McsEngl.ogmPlant'att015-perception,
* McsEngl.ogmPlant'perception-att015,
* McsEngl.plant-perception,