overview of lagOrgm
description::
· language-of-organisms is a-common (= standard) MAPPING-RELATION
of input-views[a]
to sensorial-entities (gestural, oral, textual, tactile), the-output-views,
one or more organisms use to communicate them[a].
name::
* McsEngl.McsLag000005.last.html//dirLag//dirMcs!⇒lagOrgm,
* McsEngl.dirMcs/dirLag/McsLag000005.last.html!⇒lagOrgm,
* McsEngl.lagOgm!⇒lagOrgm,
* McsEngl.lagOrganisms!⇒lagOrgm,
* McsEngl.lagOrgm,
* McsEngl.lagOrgm!=McsLag000005,
* McsEngl.lagOrgm!=language-of-organisms,
* McsEngl.language-of-biosystem!⇒lagOrgm,
* McsEngl.language-of-organisms!⇒lagOrgm,
* McsEngl.language-of-society!⇒lagOrgm,
====== langoSinago:
* McsSngo.lago-bio!=lagOrgm,
====== langoGreek:
* McsElln.γλώσσα-βιοσυστήματος!=lagOrgm,
01_organism of lagOrgm
description::
· the-organism that understands (= encodes and decodes) the-language.
name::
* McsEngl.lagOrgm'01_organism,
* McsEngl.lagOrgm'organism,
02_input--info-view of lagOrgm
description::
·
name::
* McsEngl.lagOrgm'02_input-info-view,
* McsEngl.lagOrgm'input-info-view,
03_output--logo-view of lagOrgm
description::
·
name::
* McsEngl.lagOrgm'03_output--logo-view,
* McsEngl.lagOrgm'logo-view,
* McsEngl.lagOrgm'output--logo-view,
04_grammar of lagOrgm
description::
· grammar-of-lagOrgm is THE-METHOD used to mapp, similar to 'type' of a-math-fuction.
· a-language is similar to a-math-function, a-mapping-relation.
· grammar of lagHmnm\a\ is a-specification of it\a\.
"In linguistics, the grammar of a natural language is its set of structural constraints on speakers' or writers' composition of clauses, phrases, and words. The term can also refer to the study of such constraints, a field that includes domains such as phonology, morphology, and syntax, often complemented by phonetics, semantics, and pragmatics. There are currently two different approaches to the study of grammar, traditional grammar and theoretical grammar."
[{2021-12-17 retrieved} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar]
· stxZhon: _stxSbj:[[汉语][语法]] _stxSbjc:[不太[难]]。Hànyǔ yǔfǎ bú tài nán. != [[Chinese-language][grammar]] [not very difficult].
name::
* McsEngl.grammarOrgm//lagOrgm,
* McsEngl.lagOrgm'04_grammarOrgm,
* McsEngl.lagOrgm/grammarOrgm,
info-resource of lagOrgm
name::
* McsEngl.lagOrgm'Infrsc,
addressWpg::
*
DOING of lagOrgm
description::
·
name::
* McsEngl.lagOrgm'doing,
evoluting of lagOrgm
name::
* McsEngl.lagOrgm'evoluting,
{2019-12-03}::
=== McsHitp-creation:
· creation of current concept.
lagOrgm.SPECIFIC
name::
* McsEngl.lagOrgm.specific,
specific::
* human-language,
* humanNo-language,
===
* natural-language,
* naturalNo-language,
===
* brain-language,
* brainNo-language,
===
* organismOne-language,
* organismMany-language,
* inter-organismic-language,
* trans-organismic-language,
lagOrgm.organismOne
description::
· a-language within one organism.
name::
* McsEngl.inner-organismic-language,
* McsEngl.internal-organismic-language,
* McsEngl.intra-organismic-language,
* McsEngl.lagOrgm.003-intra-organismic,
* McsEngl.lagOrgm.intra-organismic,
* McsEngl.one-organism-language,
lagOrgm.organismMany
description::
· a-language among many organisms.
name::
* McsEngl.external-organismic-language,
* McsEngl.lagOrgm.004-organismMany,
* McsEngl.lagOrgm.organismMany,
* McsEngl.many-organisms-language,
* McsEngl.outer-organismic-language,
specific-tree-of-::
* trans-organismic-language,
* inter-organismic-language,
lagOrgm.trans-organismic
description::
· a-language of organisms of different species.
name::
* McsEngl.lagOrgm.002-trans-organismic,
* McsEngl.lagOrgm.trans-organismic,
* McsEngl.trans-organismic-language,
lagOrgm.inter-organismic
description::
· a-language of organisms of the-same-species.
name::
* McsEngl.inter-organismic-language,
* McsEngl.lagOrgm.002-inter-organismic,
* McsEngl.lagOrgm.inter-organismic,
lagOrgm.natural
description::
· natural-language is a-language which is-created and evolves unconsciously in a-society.
name::
* McsEngl.lagOrgmNtl,
* McsEngl.lagOrgm.natural!⇒lagOrgmNtl,
* McsEngl.natural-language!⇒lagOrgmNtl,
inconsistency of lagOrgmNtl
description::
· inconsistency of lagOrgmNtl is any irregularity, exception on the-rules it uses.
· natural-languages are full of inconsistencies, because they evolve unconsciously.
name::
* McsEngl.inconsistency-of-lagOrgmNtl,
* McsEngl.lagOrgmNtl'exception,
* McsEngl.lagOrgmNtl'inconsistency,
* McsEngl.lagOrgmNtl'irregularity,
lagOrgm.naturalNo
description::
· naturalNo-language is a-language which is-NOT-created and evolves unconsciously in a-society.
name::
* McsEngl.constructed-language,
* McsEngl.lagOrgmNtlNo,
* McsEngl.lagOrgm.naturalNo,
* McsEngl.naturalNo-language,
lagOrgm.brain
description::
· brain-language is a-language with input a-brain-view.
name::
* McsEngl.brain-language!⇒lagMind,
* McsEngl.lagBrain!⇒lagMind,
* McsEngl.lagMind,
* McsEngl.lagOrgm.brain!⇒lagMind,
* McsEngl.lagOrgm.brain!⇒lagMind,
* McsEngl.mind-language!⇒lagMind,
DOING of lagOrgmBrain
description::
* communication,
name::
* McsEngl.lagOrgmBrain'doing,
lagOrgmBrain.specific
description::
* humanNo-lagMind,
* human-lagMind,
name::
* McsEngl.lagOrgmBrain.specific,
lagOrgm.brainNo
description::
· brainNo-language is a-language without input a-brain-view.
name::
* McsEngl.lagOrgm.brainNo,
lagOrgm.human
description::
· human-language is any human-mind-language or computer-language of humans.
name::
* McsEngl.lagHuman!⇒language,
* McsEngl.lagHumn!⇒language,
* McsEngl.language,
* McsEngl.language!=human-language,
* McsEngl.human-language!⇒language,
* McsEngl.lagOrgm.human!⇒language,
generic-tree-of-language::
* language-of-organisms,
* McsEngl.language'generic,
specific-tree-of-language::
* mind--human-language,
* computer--human-language,
===
* formal-language,
* informal-language,
===
* McsEngl.language.specific,
language.formal
description::
"In logic, mathematics, computer science, and linguistics, a formal language consists of words whose letters are taken from an alphabet and are well-formed according to a specific set of rules.
The alphabet of a formal language consists of symbols, letters, or tokens that concatenate into strings of the language.[1] Each string concatenated from symbols of this alphabet is called a word, and the words that belong to a particular formal language are sometimes called well-formed words or well-formed formulas. A formal language is often defined by means of a formal grammar such as a regular grammar or context-free grammar, which consists of its formation rules.
In computer science, formal languages are used among others as the basis for defining the grammar of programming languages and formalized versions of subsets of natural languages in which the words of the language represent concepts that are associated with meanings or semantics. In computational complexity theory, decision problems are typically defined as formal languages, and complexity classes are defined as the sets of the formal languages that can be parsed by machines with limited computational power. In logic and the foundations of mathematics, formal languages are used to represent the syntax of axiomatic systems, and mathematical formalism is the philosophy that all of mathematics can be reduced to the syntactic manipulation of formal languages in this way.
The field of formal language theory studies primarily the purely syntactical aspects of such languages—that is, their internal structural patterns. Formal language theory sprang out of linguistics, as a way of understanding the syntactic regularities of natural languages."
[{2023-08-30 retrieved} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_language]
name::
* McsEngl.formal-language!⇒lagFrml,
* McsEngl.lagFrml,
* McsEngl.lagFrml!=formal-human-language,
* McsEngl.language.formal!⇒lagFrml,
relation-to-natural-language of lagFrml
description::
"formal language vs natural language
Formal language and natural language are two distinct types of communication systems used by humans and computers. They serve different purposes and have different characteristics:
Natural Language:
Natural language refers to the way humans communicate with each other using spoken or written words. It is the language we use in everyday conversations, literature, and communication. Natural language is rich, complex, and often ambiguous. It evolves over time and can convey not only factual information but also emotions, intentions, and cultural nuances. Examples of natural languages include English, Spanish, Chinese, and so on.
Key characteristics of natural language:
* Ambiguity: Natural language can often be interpreted in multiple ways due to its inherent ambiguity.
* Contextual: Meaning is often derived from the context in which words are used.
* Emotional Expression: Natural language can convey emotions, tone, and nuances.
* Evolution: Natural languages change and evolve over time due to cultural, social, and linguistic factors.
Formal Language:
Formal languages are designed for specific applications and typically lack the ambiguity of natural languages. They are used in mathematics, computer programming, logic, and scientific contexts. Formal languages have precise syntax and rules that govern their structure and interpretation. These languages are used to express complex ideas in a clear and unambiguous manner, making them suitable for communication between humans and computers.
Key characteristics of formal language:
* Precision: Formal languages have well-defined rules that eliminate ambiguity.
* Symbolic Representation: Formal languages often use symbols and notations that represent specific concepts.
* Limited Vocabulary: The vocabulary of a formal language is usually smaller and more focused.
* Rigidity: Formal languages adhere strictly to their defined rules and syntax.
Examples of formal languages include programming languages like Python, C++, and mathematical notation.
In summary, while natural language is the primary means of human communication, formal languages serve specialized purposes where precision, clarity, and unambiguous communication are essential. Natural languages are versatile and capable of expressing a wide range of concepts and emotions, while formal languages are designed to convey specific information with a high degree of accuracy."
[{2023-08-30 retrieved} ]
name::
* McsEngl.lagFrml'relation-to-natural-language,
* McsEngl.lagNtrl'relation-to-formal-language,
lagOrgm.humanNo
description::
· humanNo-language is a-language of humanNo--brain-organisms.
name::
* McsEngl.humanNo-language,
* McsEngl.lagOrgm.humanNo,
lagOrgmBrain.animal
description::
· brain-language of animals.
name::
* McsEngl.animal-language.brain!⇒lagBrnAnimal,
* McsEngl.lagOrgmBrainAnimal!⇒lagBrnAnimal,
* McsEngl.lagBrnAnimal,
lagBrnAnimal.elephant
description::
· brain-language of elephants.
name::
* McsEngl.lagBrnAnimal.elephant!⇒lagBrnElephant,
* McsEngl.lagBrnElephant,
descriptionLong::
"The researchers copied a specific sound that African elephants sometimes make -- known among the team as a "bee rumble" -- and played it to 10 families of elephants. Most of them fled in terror upon hearing the sound, despite not having seen a single bee.
"It not only provides the first demonstration that elephants use alarm calls but also shows that these may have very specific meanings," said Karen McComb, a behavioral ecologist at England's University of Sussex."
[{2020-08-15} https://www.wisegeek.com/are-elephants-afraid-of-any-other-animals.htm]
