description::
"The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945. It is currently made up of 193 Member States. The mission and work of the United Nations are guided by the purposes and principles contained in its founding Charter."
[{2020-11-17} https://www.un.org/en/about-un/]
name::
* McsEngl.McsStn000018.last.html//dirStn//dirMcs!⇒ogznUn,
* McsEngl.dirMcs/dirStn/McsStn000018.last.html!⇒ogznUn,
* McsEngl.UN!⇒ogznUn,
* McsEngl.United-Nations!⇒ogznUn,
* McsEngl.ogznItnl.001-United-Nations!⇒ogznUn,
* McsEngl.ogznItnl.United-Nations!⇒ogznUn,
* McsEngl.ogznUn!=McsStn000018,
* McsEngl.ogznUn!=United-Nations,
* McsEngl.socWorld'att007-United-Nations!⇒ogznUn,
* McsEngl.socWorld'United-Nations!⇒ogznUn,
"While we’re discussing the UN, a better name than the “United Nations” might be the “Selected States.” After all, many stateless nations don’t have a seat in the United Nations General Assembly, like the Kurds, the Catalonians, or the Tibetans. And many countries that do have seats are more akin to multinational empires than single-nation states."
[{2024-01-18 retrieved} https://thenetworkstate.com/on-nation-states#the-pragmatic-approach]
description::
· any part of it, but not relations among them.
name::
* McsEngl.ogznUn'01_node,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'att001-node,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'node,
description::
· any human-socialitation part of ogznUn.
name::
* McsEngl.ogznUn'02_node-of-humans,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'att002-node-of-humans,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'node-of-humans,
description::
· since {2011} Un has 193 member-states.
[{2020-11-18} https://www.worldometers.info/united-nations/]
name::
* McsEngl.ogznUn'att006-member-state!⇒Unms,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'member-state!⇒Unms,
* McsEngl.Unms,
* McsEngl.Unms!=Un-member-state,
ogznUn-members::
* {2011}-193-members,
* {2006}-192-members,
* {2002}-191-members,
* {2000}-189-members,
* {1999}-187-members,
* {1993}-183-members,
* {1992}-177-members,
* {1991}-164-members,
* {1990}-157-members,
* {1984}-155-members,
* {1981}-153-members,
* {1980}-150-members,
* {1978}-147-members,
* {1977}-145-members,
* {1976}-143-members,
* {1975}-140-members,
* {1974}-134-members,
* {1973}-131-members,
* {1971}-129-members,
* {1970}-124-members,
* {1968}-123-members,
* {1966}-120-members,
* {1965}-116-members,
* {1964}-113-members,
* {1963}-110-members,
* {1962}-108-members,
* {1961}-102-members,
* {1960}-98-members,
* {1958}-81-members,
* {1957}-80-members,
* {1956}-78-members,
* {1955}-74-members,
* {1950}-58-members,
* {1949}-57-members,
* {1948}-56-members,
* {1947}-55-members,
* {1946}-53-members,
* {1945}-49-members,
* McsEngl.Unms.specific.aggregate,
* McsEngl.{2100i100}-ogznUn-members,
* McsEngl.{2000i100}-ogznUn-members,
description::
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-10-24}-Argentina,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-10-24}-Belarus,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-10-24}-Brazil,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-10-24}-Chile,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-10-24}-China,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-10-24}-Cuba,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-10-24}-Denmark,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-10-24}-Dominican-Republic,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-10-24}-Egypt,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-10-24}-El-Salvador,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-10-24}-France,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-10-24}-Haiti,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-10-24}-Iran,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-10-24}-Lebanon,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-10-24}-Luxembourg,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-10-24}-New-Zealand,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-10-24}-Nicaragua,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-10-24}-Paraguay,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-10-24}-Philippines,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-10-24}-Poland,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-10-24}-Russia,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-10-24}-Saudi-Arabia,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-10-24}-Syria,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-10-24}-Turkey,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-10-24}-Ukraine,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-10-24}-United-Kingdom,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-10-24}-United-States,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-10-25}-Greece,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-10-30}-India,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-10-31}-Peru,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-11-01}-Australia,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-11-02}-Costa-Rica,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-11-02}-Liberia,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-11-05}-Colombia,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-11-07}-Mexico,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-11-07}-South-Africa,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-11-09}-Canada,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-11-13}-Ethiopia,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-11-13}-Panama,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-11-14}-Bolivia,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-11-15}-Venezuela,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-11-21}-Guatemala,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-11-27}-Norway,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-12-10}-Kingdom-of-the-Netherlands,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-12-17}-Honduras,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-12-18}-Uruguay,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-12-21}-Ecuador,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-12-21}-Iraq,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1945-12-27}-Belgium,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1946-11-19}-Afghanistan,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1946-11-19}-Iceland,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1946-11-19}-Sweden,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1946-12-16}-Thailand,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1947-09-30}-Pakistan,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1947-09-30}-Yemen,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1948-04-19}-Myanmar,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1949-05-11}-Israel,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1950-09-28}-Indonesia,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1955-12-14}-Albania,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1955-12-14}-Austria,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1955-12-14}-Bulgaria,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1955-12-14}-Cambodia,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1955-12-14}-Finland,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1955-12-14}-Hungary,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1955-12-14}-Italy,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1955-12-14}-Jordan,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1955-12-14}-Laos,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1955-12-14}-Libya,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1955-12-14}-Nepal,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1955-12-14}-Portugal,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1955-12-14}-Republic-of-Ireland,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1955-12-14}-Romania,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1955-12-14}-Spain,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1955-12-14}-Sri-Lanka,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1956-11-12}-Morocco,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1956-11-12}-Sudan,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1956-11-12}-Tunisia,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1956-12-18}-Japan,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1957-03-08}-Ghana,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1957-09-17}-Malaysia,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1958-12-12}-Guinea,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1960-09-20}-Benin,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1960-09-20}-Burkina-Faso,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1960-09-20}-Cameroon,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1960-09-20}-Central-African-Republic,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1960-09-20}-Chad,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1960-09-20}-Cyprus,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1960-09-20}-Democratic-Republic-of-the-Congo,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1960-09-20}-Gabon,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1960-09-20}-Ivory-Coast,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1960-09-20}-Madagascar,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1960-09-20}-Niger,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1960-09-20}-Republic-of-the-Congo,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1960-09-20}-Somalia,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1960-09-20}-Togo,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1960-09-28}-Mali,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1960-09-28}-Senegal,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1960-10-07}-Nigeria,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1961-09-27}-Sierra-Leone,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1961-10-27}-Mauritania,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1961-10-27}-Mongolia,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1961-12-14}-Tanzania,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1962-09-18}-Burundi,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1962-09-18}-Jamaica,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1962-09-18}-Rwanda,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1962-09-18}-Trinidad-and-Tobago,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1962-10-08}-Algeria,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1962-10-25}-Uganda,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1963-05-14}-Kuwait,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1963-12-16}-Kenya,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1964-12-01}-Malawi,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1964-12-01}-Malta,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1964-12-01}-Zambia,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1965-09-21}-Maldives,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1965-09-21}-Singapore,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1965-09-21}-The-Gambia,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1966-09-20}-Guyana,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1966-10-17}-Botswana,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1966-10-17}-Lesotho,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1966-12-09}-Barbados,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1968-04-24}-Mauritius,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1968-09-24}-Eswatini,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1968-11-12}-Equatorial-Guinea,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1970-10-13}-Fiji,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1971-09-21}-Bahrain,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1971-09-21}-Bhutan,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1971-09-21}-Qatar,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1971-10-07}-Oman,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1971-12-09}-United-Arab-Emirates,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1973-09-18}-Germany,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1973-09-18}-The-Bahamas,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1974-09-17}-Bangladesh,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1974-09-17}-Grenada,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1974-09-17}-Guinea-Bissau,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1975-09-16}-Cape-Verde|Cabo-Verde,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1975-09-16}-Mozambique,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1975-09-16}-São-Tomé-and-Príncipe,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1975-10-10}-Papua-New-Guinea,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1975-11-12}-Comoros,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1975-12-04}-Suriname,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1976-09-21}-Seychelles,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1976-12-01}-Angola,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1976-12-15}-Samoa,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1977-09-20}-Djibouti,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1977-09-20}-Vietnam,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1978-09-19}-Solomon-Islands,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1978-12-18}-Dominica,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1979-09-18}-Saint-Lucia,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1980-08-25}-Zimbabwe,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1980-09-16}-Saint-Vincent-and-the-Grenadines,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1981-09-15}-Vanuatu,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1981-09-25}-Belize,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1981-11-11}-Antigua-and-Barbuda,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1983-09-23}-Saint-Kitts-and-Nevis,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1984-09-21}-Brunei,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1990-04-23}-Namibia,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1990-09-18}-Liechtenstein,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1991-09-17}-Estonia,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1991-09-17}-Latvia,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1991-09-17}-Lithuania,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1991-09-17}-Marshall-Islands,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1991-09-17}-Micronesia-(Federated-States-of),
* McsEngl.Unms.{1991-09-17}-North-Korea,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1991-09-17}-South-Korea,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1992-03-02}-Armenia,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1992-03-02}-Azerbaijan,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1992-03-02}-Kazakhstan,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1992-03-02}-Kyrgyzstan,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1992-03-02}-Moldova,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1992-03-02}-San-Marino,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1992-03-02}-Tajikistan,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1992-03-02}-Turkmenistan,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1992-03-02}-Uzbekistan,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1992-05-22}-Bosnia-and-Herzegovina,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1992-05-22}-Croatia,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1992-05-22}-Slovenia,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1992-07-31}-Georgia,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1993-01-19}-Czech-Republic,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1993-01-19}-Slovakia,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1993-04-08}-North-Macedonia,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1993-05-28}-Eritrea,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1993-05-28}-Monaco,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1993-07-28}-Andorra,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1994-12-15}-Palau,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1999-09-14}-Kiribati,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1999-09-14}-Nauru,
* McsEngl.Unms.{1999-09-14}-Tonga,
* McsEngl.Unms.{2000-09-05}-Tuvalu,
* McsEngl.Unms.{2000-11-01}-Serbia,
* McsEngl.Unms.{2002-09-10}-Switzerland,
* McsEngl.Unms.{2002-09-27}-East-Timor,
* McsEngl.Unms.{2006-06-28}-Montenegro,
* McsEngl.Unms.{2011-07-14}-South-Sudan,
===
* McsEngl.Unms.Afghanistan-{1946-11-19},
* McsEngl.Unms.Albania-{1955-12-14},
* McsEngl.Unms.Algeria-{1962-10-08},
* McsEngl.Unms.Andorra-{1993-07-28},
* McsEngl.Unms.Angola-{1976-12-01},
* McsEngl.Unms.Antigua-and-Barbuda-{1981-11-11},
* McsEngl.Unms.Argentina-{1945-10-24},
* McsEngl.Unms.Armenia-{1992-03-02},
* McsEngl.Unms.Australia-{1945-11-01},
* McsEngl.Unms.Austria-{1955-12-14},
* McsEngl.Unms.Azerbaijan-{1992-03-02},
* McsEngl.Unms.The-Bahamas-{1973-09-18},
* McsEngl.Unms.Bahrain-{1971-09-21},
* McsEngl.Unms.Bangladesh-{1974-09-17},
* McsEngl.Unms.Barbados-{1966-12-09},
* McsEngl.Unms.Belarus-{1945-10-24},
* McsEngl.Unms.Belgium-{1945-12-27},
* McsEngl.Unms.Belize-{1981-09-25},
* McsEngl.Unms.Benin-{1960-09-20},
* McsEngl.Unms.Bhutan-{1971-09-21},
* McsEngl.Unms.Bolivia-{1945-11-14},
* McsEngl.Unms.Bosnia-and-Herzegovina-{1992-05-22},
* McsEngl.Unms.Botswana-{1966-10-17},
* McsEngl.Unms.Brazil-{1945-10-24},
* McsEngl.Unms.Brunei-{1984-09-21},
* McsEngl.Unms.Bulgaria-{1955-12-14},
* McsEngl.Unms.Burkina-Faso-{1960-09-20},
* McsEngl.Unms.Burundi-{1962-09-18},
* McsEngl.Unms.Cape-Verde|Cabo-Verde-{1975-09-16},
* McsEngl.Unms.Cambodia-{1955-12-14},
* McsEngl.Unms.Cameroon-{1960-09-20},
* McsEngl.Unms.Canada-{1945-11-09},
* McsEngl.Unms.Central-African-Republic-{1960-09-20},
* McsEngl.Unms.Chad-{1960-09-20},
* McsEngl.Unms.Chile-{1945-10-24},
* McsEngl.Unms.China-{1945-10-24},
* McsEngl.Unms.Colombia-{1945-11-05},
* McsEngl.Unms.Comoros-{1975-11-12},
* McsEngl.Unms.Republic-of-the-Congo-{1960-09-20},
* McsEngl.Unms.Costa-Rica-{1945-11-02},
* McsEngl.Unms.Ivory-Coast-{1960-09-20},
* McsEngl.Unms.Croatia-{1992-05-22},
* McsEngl.Unms.Cuba-{1945-10-24},
* McsEngl.Unms.Cyprus-{1960-09-20},
* McsEngl.Unms.Czech-Republic-{1993-01-19},
* McsEngl.Unms.North-Korea-{1991-09-17},
* McsEngl.Unms.Democratic-Republic-of-the-Congo-{1960-09-20},
* McsEngl.Unms.Denmark-{1945-10-24},
* McsEngl.Unms.Djibouti-{1977-09-20},
* McsEngl.Unms.Dominica-{1978-12-18},
* McsEngl.Unms.Dominican-Republic-{1945-10-24},
* McsEngl.Unms.Ecuador-{1945-12-21},
* McsEngl.Unms.Egypt-{1945-10-24},
* McsEngl.Unms.El-Salvador-{1945-10-24},
* McsEngl.Unms.Equatorial-Guinea-{1968-11-12},
* McsEngl.Unms.Eritrea-{1993-05-28},
* McsEngl.Unms.Estonia-{1991-09-17},
* McsEngl.Unms.Eswatini-{1968-09-24},
* McsEngl.Unms.Ethiopia-{1945-11-13},
* McsEngl.Unms.Fiji-{1970-10-13},
* McsEngl.Unms.Finland-{1955-12-14},
* McsEngl.Unms.France-{1945-10-24},
* McsEngl.Unms.Gabon-{1960-09-20},
* McsEngl.Unms.The-Gambia-{1965-09-21},
* McsEngl.Unms.Georgia-{1992-07-31},
* McsEngl.Unms.Germany-{1973-09-18},
* McsEngl.Unms.Ghana-{1957-03-08},
* McsEngl.Unms.Greece-{1945-10-25},
* McsEngl.Unms.Grenada-{1974-09-17},
* McsEngl.Unms.Guatemala-{1945-11-21},
* McsEngl.Unms.Guinea-{1958-12-12},
* McsEngl.Unms.Guinea-Bissau-{1974-09-17},
* McsEngl.Unms.Guyana-{1966-09-20},
* McsEngl.Unms.Haiti-{1945-10-24},
* McsEngl.Unms.Honduras-{1945-12-17},
* McsEngl.Unms.Hungary-{1955-12-14},
* McsEngl.Unms.Iceland-{1946-11-19},
* McsEngl.Unms.India-{1945-10-30},
* McsEngl.Unms.Indonesia-{1950-09-28},
* McsEngl.Unms.Iran-{1945-10-24},
* McsEngl.Unms.Iraq-{1945-12-21},
* McsEngl.Unms.Republic-of-Ireland-{1955-12-14},
* McsEngl.Unms.Israel-{1949-05-11},
* McsEngl.Unms.Italy-{1955-12-14},
* McsEngl.Unms.Jamaica-{1962-09-18},
* McsEngl.Unms.Japan-{1956-12-18},
* McsEngl.Unms.Jordan-{1955-12-14},
* McsEngl.Unms.Kazakhstan-{1992-03-02},
* McsEngl.Unms.Kenya-{1963-12-16},
* McsEngl.Unms.Kiribati-{1999-09-14},
* McsEngl.Unms.Kuwait-{1963-05-14},
* McsEngl.Unms.Kyrgyzstan-{1992-03-02},
* McsEngl.Unms.Laos-{1955-12-14},
* McsEngl.Unms.Latvia-{1991-09-17},
* McsEngl.Unms.Lebanon-{1945-10-24},
* McsEngl.Unms.Lesotho-{1966-10-17},
* McsEngl.Unms.Liberia-{1945-11-02},
* McsEngl.Unms.Libya-{1955-12-14},
* McsEngl.Unms.Liechtenstein-{1990-09-18},
* McsEngl.Unms.Lithuania-{1991-09-17},
* McsEngl.Unms.Luxembourg-{1945-10-24},
* McsEngl.Unms.Madagascar-{1960-09-20},
* McsEngl.Unms.Malawi-{1964-12-01},
* McsEngl.Unms.Malaysia-{1957-09-17},
* McsEngl.Unms.Maldives-{1965-09-21},
* McsEngl.Unms.Mali-{1960-09-28},
* McsEngl.Unms.Malta-{1964-12-01},
* McsEngl.Unms.Marshall-Islands-{1991-09-17},
* McsEngl.Unms.Mauritania-{1961-10-27},
* McsEngl.Unms.Mauritius-{1968-04-24},
* McsEngl.Unms.Mexico-{1945-11-07},
* McsEngl.Unms.Micronesia-(Federated-States-of)-{1991-09-17},
* McsEngl.Unms.Monaco-{1993-05-28},
* McsEngl.Unms.Mongolia-{1961-10-27},
* McsEngl.Unms.Montenegro-{2006-06-28},
* McsEngl.Unms.Morocco-{1956-11-12},
* McsEngl.Unms.Mozambique-{1975-09-16},
* McsEngl.Unms.Myanmar-{1948-04-19},
* McsEngl.Unms.Namibia-{1990-04-23},
* McsEngl.Unms.Nauru-{1999-09-14},
* McsEngl.Unms.Nepal-{1955-12-14},
* McsEngl.Unms.Kingdom-of-the-Netherlands-{1945-12-10},
* McsEngl.Unms.New-Zealand-{1945-10-24},
* McsEngl.Unms.Nicaragua-{1945-10-24},
* McsEngl.Unms.Niger-{1960-09-20},
* McsEngl.Unms.Nigeria-{1960-10-07},
* McsEngl.Unms.North-Macedonia-{1993-04-08},
* McsEngl.Unms.Norway-{1945-11-27},
* McsEngl.Unms.Oman-{1971-10-07},
* McsEngl.Unms.Pakistan-{1947-09-30},
* McsEngl.Unms.Palau-{1994-12-15},
* McsEngl.Unms.Panama-{1945-11-13},
* McsEngl.Unms.Papua-New-Guinea-{1975-10-10},
* McsEngl.Unms.Paraguay-{1945-10-24},
* McsEngl.Unms.Peru-{1945-10-31},
* McsEngl.Unms.Philippines-{1945-10-24},
* McsEngl.Unms.Poland-{1945-10-24},
* McsEngl.Unms.Portugal-{1955-12-14},
* McsEngl.Unms.Qatar-{1971-09-21},
* McsEngl.Unms.South-Korea-{1991-09-17},
* McsEngl.Unms.Moldova-{1992-03-02},
* McsEngl.Unms.Romania-{1955-12-14},
* McsEngl.Unms.Russia-{1945-10-24},
* McsEngl.Unms.Rwanda-{1962-09-18},
* McsEngl.Unms.Saint-Kitts-and-Nevis-{1983-09-23},
* McsEngl.Unms.Saint-Lucia-{1979-09-18},
* McsEngl.Unms.Saint-Vincent-and-the-Grenadines-{1980-09-16},
* McsEngl.Unms.Samoa-{1976-12-15},
* McsEngl.Unms.San-Marino-{1992-03-02},
* McsEngl.Unms.São-Tomé-and-Príncipe-{1975-09-16},
* McsEngl.Unms.Saudi-Arabia-{1945-10-24},
* McsEngl.Unms.Senegal-{1960-09-28},
* McsEngl.Unms.Serbia-{2000-11-01},
* McsEngl.Unms.Seychelles-{1976-09-21},
* McsEngl.Unms.Sierra-Leone-{1961-09-27},
* McsEngl.Unms.Singapore-{1965-09-21},
* McsEngl.Unms.Slovakia-{1993-01-19},
* McsEngl.Unms.Slovenia-{1992-05-22},
* McsEngl.Unms.Solomon-Islands-{1978-09-19},
* McsEngl.Unms.Somalia-{1960-09-20},
* McsEngl.Unms.South-Africa-{1945-11-07},
* McsEngl.Unms.South-Sudan-{2011-07-14},
* McsEngl.Unms.Spain-{1955-12-14},
* McsEngl.Unms.Sri-Lanka-{1955-12-14},
* McsEngl.Unms.Sudan-{1956-11-12},
* McsEngl.Unms.Suriname-{1975-12-04},
* McsEngl.Unms.Sweden-{1946-11-19},
* McsEngl.Unms.Switzerland-{2002-09-10},
* McsEngl.Unms.Syria-{1945-10-24},
* McsEngl.Unms.Tajikistan-{1992-03-02},
* McsEngl.Unms.Thailand-{1946-12-16},
* McsEngl.Unms.East-Timor-{2002-09-27},
* McsEngl.Unms.Togo-{1960-09-20},
* McsEngl.Unms.Tonga-{1999-09-14},
* McsEngl.Unms.Trinidad-and-Tobago-{1962-09-18},
* McsEngl.Unms.Tunisia-{1956-11-12},
* McsEngl.Unms.Turkey-{1945-10-24},
* McsEngl.Unms.Turkmenistan-{1992-03-02},
* McsEngl.Unms.Tuvalu-{2000-09-05},
* McsEngl.Unms.Uganda-{1962-10-25},
* McsEngl.Unms.Ukraine-{1945-10-24},
* McsEngl.Unms.United-Arab-Emirates-{1971-12-09},
* McsEngl.Unms.United-Kingdom-{1945-10-24},
* McsEngl.Unms.Tanzania-{1961-12-14},
* McsEngl.Unms.United-States-{1945-10-24},
* McsEngl.Unms.Uruguay-{1945-12-18},
* McsEngl.Unms.Uzbekistan-{1992-03-02},
* McsEngl.Unms.Vanuatu-{1981-09-15},
* McsEngl.Unms.Venezuela-{1945-11-15},
* McsEngl.Unms.Vietnam-{1977-09-20},
* McsEngl.Unms.Yemen-{1947-09-30},
* McsEngl.Unms.Zambia-{1964-12-01},
* McsEngl.Unms.Zimbabwe-{1980-08-25},
[{2020-12-10} http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations]
description::
· any subsystem of satisfiers.
name::
* McsEngl.Unecon!=economic-system-of-UN,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'03_node-of-satisfiers!⇒Unecon,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'att003-node-of-satisfiers!⇒Unecon,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'node-of-satisfiers!⇒Unecon,
description::
">UN services:
The UN offers a wide range of services through its various agencies, programs, and funds. Here are some of the key areas where the UN works:
* **Peace and security:** The UN works to prevent conflict, maintain international peace and security, and promote arms control and disarmament.
* **Humanitarian assistance:** The UN provides humanitarian assistance to people in need around the world, including those affected by natural disasters, conflict, and poverty.
* **Sustainable development:** The UN promotes sustainable development, which is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
* **Human rights:** The UN promotes and protects human rights around the world.
* **Economic and social development:** The UN works to promote economic and social development, including by reducing poverty, improving health and education, and promoting gender equality.
* **Disarmament:** The UN works to promote disarmament and non-proliferation.
These are just some of the many services that the UN provides. The UN is a complex organization with a wide range of activities, but its overall goal is to promote peace, security, and well-being for all people.
Here are some of the specific UN agencies that provide these services:
* The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is the primary body responsible for maintaining international peace and security.
* The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) provides humanitarian assistance to children around the world.
* The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) works to promote sustainable development.
* The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) promotes and protects human rights around the world.
* The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) promotes education, science, culture, and communication.
* The World Health Organization (WHO) promotes international cooperation in health.
* The World Food Programme (WFP) provides food assistance to people in need around the world."
[{2024-03-23 retrieved} https://gemini.google.com/app/df94ff0121650c2d]
name::
* McsEngl.Unecon'service!⇒Unsrvc,
* McsEngl.Unsrvc!=service-of-UN,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'att023-service!⇒Unsrvc,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'service!⇒Unsrvc,
description::
">budget of UN:
The budget of the United Nations (UN) can be broadly categorized into two main types: the Regular Budget and the Peacekeeping Budget, in addition to budgets for other special programs and funds. The budgeting process and the scale of assessments for contributions from member states are established by the UN General Assembly.
### Regular Budget
The Regular Budget covers the costs of UN administrative activities, its specialized agencies, and various missions around the world excluding peacekeeping operations. It includes expenses related to human rights, international law, economic and social development, and administrative costs. The Regular Budget for the UN is biennial (covering two years), but it's often discussed and approved annually to adjust to changing needs and priorities.
As of my last update in April 2023, for the biennium 2022-2023, the UN's Regular Budget was approximately $3.12 billion. It's important to note that these figures are subject to change as new budgets are proposed and approved.
### Peacekeeping Budget
The Peacekeeping Budget is separate from the Regular Budget and covers the expenses of the UN's peacekeeping operations worldwide. These operations are complex, involving military personnel, police, and civilian staff working to maintain peace and security in conflict regions. The budget for peacekeeping operations is approved annually.
For the fiscal year 2021-2022, the Peacekeeping Budget was about $6.38 billion. This budget fluctuates based on the number and scope of peacekeeping missions mandated by the Security Council.
### Contributions from Member States
Both the Regular and Peacekeeping budgets are funded by contributions from UN member states. The amount each member state contributes is determined by a scale of assessments, which takes into account the country's gross national income (GNI), debt burden, and per capita income. Wealthier countries pay a larger share of the UN budget, with the United States, for instance, traditionally being the largest contributor.
### Other Budgets
In addition to these main budgets, there are also special programs and funds, such as the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), and the World Health Organization (WHO), which have their own budgets funded through voluntary contributions from member states and private donors.
The financial resources of the UN reflect the organization's vast range of activities aimed at promoting peace, security, and development worldwide. Given the complexity and variability of its operations, the UN's budgeting process is intricate, aiming to allocate resources effectively across its many priorities."
[{2024-03-23 retrieved} https://chat.openai.com/c/73d2c7fb-b2f0-4372-b091-116dfe3facdd]
name::
* McsEngl.Unbdgt!=budget-of-UN,
* McsEngl.Unecon'budget!⇒Unbdgt,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'att022-budget!⇒Unbdgt,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'udget!⇒Unbdgt,
description::
"57.1 The various specialized agencies, established by intergovernmental agreement and having wide international responsibilities, as defined in their basic instruments, in economic, social, cultural, educational, health, and related fields, shall be brought into relationship with the United Nations in accordance with the provisions of Article 63.
57.2 Such agencies thus brought into relationship with the United Nations are hereinafter referred to as specialized agencies."
[Charter-article-57]
name::
* McsEngl.ogznUn'att020-specialized-agency,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'specialized-agency,
description::
"The United Nations (UN) is an international organization founded in 1945, currently made up of 193 Member States. It was established after World War II with the aim of preventing future wars, succeeding the ineffective League of Nations. The administration of the UN is tasked with promoting international cooperation and maintaining international order. Here's an overview of its key administrative bodies:
### 1. **General Assembly**
- The General Assembly is the main deliberative, policymaking, and representative organ of the UN. All Member States have equal representation. It oversees the budget, appoints the non-permanent members to the Security Council, receives reports from other parts of the UN, and makes recommendations in the form of General Assembly Resolutions.
### 2. **Security Council**
- The Security Council has primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security. It has 15 members: five permanent members with veto power (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and ten non-permanent members elected for two-year terms. It can take military action, impose sanctions, and make legally binding decisions that member states are obligated to follow.
### 3. **Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)**
- ECOSOC is responsible for promoting international economic and social cooperation and development. It has 54 members, elected by the General Assembly for overlapping three-year terms. ECOSOC coordinates the economic, social, and related work of 15 UN specialized agencies, their functional commissions, and five regional commissions.
### 4. **International Court of Justice**
- Located in The Hague, the International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the UN. It settles legal disputes between states and gives advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized UN organs and specialized agencies.
### 5. **Secretariat**
- The Secretariat carries out the day-to-day work of the UN as directed by the General Assembly, the Security Council, and other principal organs. It is led by the Secretary-General, who acts as the de facto spokesperson and leader of the UN. The Secretariat's duties include administering peacekeeping operations, mediating international disputes, and conducting studies on improving international relations.
### 6. **The United Nations System**
- Besides these principal organs, the UN system includes a large number of specialized agencies, programs, and funds, each with their own leadership and budget. Examples include the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
The UN plays a crucial role in addressing global issues like peace and security, climate change, sustainable development, human rights, health emergencies, and humanitarian aid. Its administration is complex, reflecting the breadth of its mandate and the diversity of its membership."
[{2024-03-23 retrieved} https://chat.openai.com/c/73d2c7fb-b2f0-4372-b091-116dfe3facdd]
name::
* McsEngl.Unadmin!=admin-system-of-Un,
* McsEngl.gvcUn!⇒Unadmin,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'04_node-of-governance!⇒Unadmin,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'att004-node-of-governance!⇒Unadmin,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'governance-node!⇒Unadmin,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'node-of-governance!⇒Unadmin,
description::
"7.1 There are established as principal organs of the United Nations: a General Assembly, a Security Council, an Economic and Social Council, a Trusteeship Council, an International Court of Justice and a Secretariat."
[Charter-article-7]
name::
* McsEngl.ogznUn'att010-principal-organ,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'principal-organ,
name::
* McsEngl.General-assembly-of-Un!⇒Unga,
* McsEngl.Unga,
* McsEngl.Unga!=General-assembly,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'att012-General-assembly!⇒Unga,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'General-assembly!⇒Unga,
====== langoGreek:
* McsElln.Γενική-συνεύλεση-του-ΟΗΕ!=Unga,
description::
"24.1 In order to ensure prompt and effective action by the United Nations, its Members confer on the Security Council primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security, and agree that in carrying out its duties under this responsibility the Security Council acts on their behalf."
[Charter-article-24]
">UN security council:
The **United Nations Security Council (UNSC)** is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN) and is charged with ensuring international peace and security. It has the primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security, recommending the admission of new UN members to the General Assembly, and approving any changes to the UN Charter. The UNSC consists of fifteen members, of which five are permanent: China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The remaining ten members are elected by the General Assembly for two-year terms.
**Key Functions of the UNSC:**
* **Maintaining international peace and security:** The UNSC can authorize the use of military force, establish peacekeeping operations, and impose sanctions on countries that threaten international peace and security.
* **Recommending the admission of new UN members to the General Assembly:** The UNSC must approve the admission of all new UN members.
* **Approving any changes to the UN Charter:** The UNSC must approve any changes to the UN Charter, which is the founding treaty of the UN.
* **Investigating disputes between countries:** The UNSC can investigate disputes between countries and recommend solutions.
* **Calling for the cessation of hostilities:** The UNSC can call for the cessation of hostilities between countries.
**Powers of the UNSC:**
* **The UNSC has the authority to issue binding resolutions on all member states.** These resolutions are legally binding and must be obeyed by all UN members.
* **The UNSC can authorize the use of military force.** This is the most powerful tool that the UNSC has at its disposal. However, the UNSC has only rarely authorized the use of military force.
* **The UNSC can establish peacekeeping operations.** Peacekeeping operations are deployed to countries where there is a risk of violence or where there is a need for peacebuilding.
* **The UNSC can impose sanctions on countries that threaten international peace and security.** Sanctions can include economic sanctions, arms embargoes, and travel bans.
**Limitations of the UNSC:**
* **The UNSC is a political body, not a legal body.** This means that its decisions are often influenced by political considerations rather than by legal principles.
* **The UNSC is subject to the veto of its permanent members.** This means that any one of the five permanent members can veto a resolution, regardless of the support of the other 14 members.
* **The UNSC is often slow to act.** This is because the UNSC is a consensus-based body, and it can take time for the 15 members to reach an agreement.
Despite its limitations, the UNSC is an important body that plays a crucial role in maintaining international peace and security.
Sources
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council"
[{2023-12-02 retrieved} https://bard.google.com/chat/e8eaebb8fa24671b?hl=en&pli=1]
name::
* McsEngl.UNSC!=Security-council-of-Un!⇒Unsc,
* McsEngl.Security-council-of-Un!⇒Unsc,
* McsEngl.Unsc!⇒UN-Security-Council,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'att013-Security-council!⇒Unsc,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'Security-council!⇒Unsc,
description::
">Economic-and-Social-Council of UN:
The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations. It is responsible for coordinating the economic, social, and environmental work of the UN and its specialized agencies. ECOSOC also plays a key role in promoting international cooperation for development.
**Key functions of ECOSOC:**
* **Coordination:** ECOSOC coordinates the work of the UN's specialized agencies, functional commissions, and regional commissions.
* **Policy formulation:** ECOSOC develops and recommends policies to address global economic, social, and environmental challenges.
* **Monitoring and review:** ECOSOC monitors progress on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and other international agreements.
* **Advocacy:** ECOSOC raises awareness of critical issues and mobilizes action to address them.
**ECOSOC's work is guided by the following principles:**
* **International cooperation:** ECOSOC promotes cooperation among countries to address global challenges.
* **Sustainable development:** ECOSOC promotes sustainable development that is economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable.
* **Human rights:** ECOSOC promotes and protects human rights.
* **Equality and non-discrimination:** ECOSOC promotes equality and non-discrimination.
**ECOSOC's work is carried out through a variety of mechanisms:**
* **Regular sessions:** ECOSOC holds regular sessions each year, where it discusses and adopts resolutions on a range of issues.
* **Subsidiary bodies:** ECOSOC has a number of subsidiary bodies, such as functional commissions and regional commissions, that focus on specific areas of work.
* **Inter-agency coordination mechanisms:** ECOSOC coordinates the work of the UN's specialized agencies and other inter-agency bodies.
ECOSOC plays a vital role in addressing the world's most pressing challenges. It is a forum for dialogue and collaboration among countries, and it provides a platform for developing and implementing policies to achieve sustainable development."
[{2023-12-02 retrieved} https://bard.google.com/chat/0a18a211127d67a6?hl=en&pli=1]
name::
* McsEngl.ECOSOC!=Economic-and-social-council!⇒Unesc,
* McsEngl.Economic-and-social-council!⇒Unesc,
* McsEngl.Unesc,
* McsEngl.Unesc!=Economic-and-social-council,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'att014-Economic-and-social-council!⇒Unesc,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'Economic-and-social-council!⇒Unesc,
description::
">Trusteeship-council of UN:
The United Nations Trusteeship Council (French: Conseil de tutelle des Nations unies) was one of the six principal organs of the United Nations, established to help ensure that trust territories were administered in the best interests of their inhabitants and of international peace and security. It was created under Chapter XIII of the United Nations Charter, which came into effect on 24 October 1945.
The Trusteeship Council was tasked with overseeing the administration of trust territories, which were territories that had been placed under the international trusteeship system following World War II. These territories were former colonies or mandates that were not yet ready for self-government or independence. The administering authorities, which were typically the countries that had formerly controlled the territories, were responsible for promoting the political, economic, social, and educational advancement of the inhabitants of the trust territories.
The Trusteeship Council met regularly in New York City and submitted annual reports to the General Assembly. It also reviewed reports from the administering authorities and examined petitions from the inhabitants of trust territories. The Council's decisions were made by majority vote, but the five permanent members of the Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) had veto power.
The Trusteeship Council was successful in its mission of overseeing the transition of trust territories to self-government or independence. By 1994, all of the original 11 trust territories had achieved independence, and the Trusteeship Council was suspended indefinitely.
Here are some of the key accomplishments of the Trusteeship Council:
* **Overseeing the transition of trust territories to self-government or independence:** The Council played a crucial role in the decolonization of the world, helping to ensure that trust territories were not simply recolonized by their former administering authorities.
* **Promoting the political, economic, social, and educational advancement of the inhabitants of trust territories:** The Council worked to improve the lives of the people living in trust territories by advocating for their rights and interests.
* **Maintaining international peace and security:** The Council helped to prevent conflict by providing a forum for resolving disputes between administering authorities and the inhabitants of trust territories.
The Trusteeship Council was an important part of the United Nations system, and its work had a lasting impact on the world. It helped to promote decolonization, improve the lives of millions of people, and maintain international peace and security.
Sources
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Trusteeship_Council"
[{2023-12-02 retrieved} https://bard.google.com/chat/c671db8059b37582?hl=en&pli=1]
name::
* McsEngl.Trusteeship-council-of-Un!⇒Untc,
* McsEngl.Untc,
* McsEngl.Untc!=Trusteeship-council,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'att015-Trusteeship-council!⇒Untc,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'Trusteeship-council!⇒Untc,
name::
* McsEngl.ogznUn'att016-International-court-of-justice!⇒Unicj,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'International-court-of-justice!⇒Unicj,
description::
"Scretariat of UN:
As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, the Secretary-General of the United Nations was António Guterres. However, it's important to note that information might have changed since then. The Secretary-General is the head of the United Nations Secretariat, which is one of the six main organs of the UN.
The Secretariat is responsible for carrying out the day-to-day work of the UN and is headed by the Secretary-General. The Secretary-General is appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council. The role involves diplomatic, administrative, and managerial duties.
For the most current information on the Secretary-General and the Secretariat, I recommend checking the official United Nations website or other reliable news sources for the latest updates."
[{2023-12-02 retrieved} https://chat.openai.com/c/51caf1c8-564a-47b3-830f-2312766650f5]
name::
* McsEngl.Secretariat-of-Un!⇒Unsec,
* McsEngl.Unsec,
* McsEngl.Unsec!=Secretariat-of-Un,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'att017-Secretariat!⇒Unsec,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'Secretariat!⇒Unsec,
description::
"7.2 Such subsidiary organs as may be found necessary may be established in accordance with the present Charter."
[Charter-article-7]
name::
* McsEngl.ogznUn'att011-subsidiary-organ,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'subsidiary-organ,
description::
">law of UN:
The term "law of the UN" can refer to various aspects of international law related to the United Nations (UN). The UN is an international organization founded in 1945 with the primary purpose of promoting peace, security, and cooperation among member states. Here are some key aspects of the law associated with the UN:
1. **UN Charter:** The foundational document of the UN is the United Nations Charter, which serves as its constitution. The Charter outlines the purposes and principles of the UN, establishes the structure of its organs (such as the General Assembly, Security Council, and International Court of Justice), and sets forth the rights and obligations of member states.
2. **International Law:** The UN plays a central role in the development and enforcement of international law. This includes the promotion of treaties and agreements among member states to address various issues, such as human rights, environmental protection, and arms control.
3. **Security Council Resolutions:** The UN Security Council has the authority to take actions to maintain or restore international peace and security. Security Council resolutions are binding on all member states, and failure to comply with them may lead to enforcement measures, including sanctions or the use of force.
4. **International Court of Justice (ICJ):** The ICJ is the principal judicial organ of the UN. It settles legal disputes between states and gives advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by the General Assembly, the Security Council, or other UN organs and specialized agencies.
5. **Human Rights:** The UN has been actively involved in the development and promotion of international human rights law. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the General Assembly in 1948, is a key document in this regard. Various UN bodies and agencies work to monitor and protect human rights globally.
6. **Peacekeeping Operations:** The UN conducts peacekeeping operations to help maintain peace in areas of conflict. These operations are guided by international law, and the personnel involved, including peacekeepers, are subject to certain legal frameworks.
7. **International Criminal Court (ICC):** Although the ICC is not a UN organ, it has a relationship with the UN and is often considered within the context of UN activities. The ICC prosecutes individuals for the most serious crimes of international concern, such as genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity.
In summary, the "law of the UN" encompasses a broad range of legal principles, agreements, and institutions aimed at promoting international cooperation, peace, and the protection of human rights. It involves both the establishment of legal frameworks and the enforcement mechanisms necessary to address global challenges."
[{2023-12-02 retrieved} https://chat.openai.com/c/0531c939-c8d3-4696-ba46-f79fceb74c7e]
name::
* McsEngl.Unlaw!⇒lawUn,
* McsEngl.law.003-ogznUn!⇒lawUn,
* McsEngl.law.ogznUn!⇒lawUn,
* McsEngl.lawUn,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'att021-law!⇒lawUn,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'law!⇒lawUn,
specific-tree-of-lawUn::
* Charter-of-Un,
* Universal-declaration-of-human-rights,
description::
"The Charter of the United Nations was signed on 26 June 1945, in San Francisco, at the conclusion of the United Nations Conference on International Organization, and came into force on 24 October 1945. The Statute of the International Court of Justice is an integral part of the Charter. Visit the UN Dag Hammarskjöld Library's collection of translations of the UN Charter."
[{2020-11-17} https://www.un.org/en/charter-united-nations/]
name::
* McsEngl.Charter-of-the-United-Nations!⇒Uncharter,
* McsEngl.UN-Charter!⇒Uncharter,
* McsEngl.Uncharter,
* McsEngl.lawIntl.008-Charter-of-UN!⇒Uncharter,
* McsEngl.lawIntl.Charter-of-UN!⇒Uncharter,
* McsEngl.lawUn.Charter!⇒Uncharter,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'att005-Charter!⇒Uncharter,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'Charter!⇒Uncharter,
addressWpg::
* https://www.un.org/en/sections/un-charter/un-charter-full-text/,
* https://www.icj-cij.org/en/charter-of-the-united-nations,
Accordingly, our respective Governments, through representatives assembled in the city of San Francisco, who have exhibited their full powers found to be in good and due form, have agreed to the present Charter of the United Nations and do hereby establish an international organization to be known as the United Nations.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/chapter-I-purposes-and-principles,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/purposes-and-principles//chapter-I,
The Purposes of the United Nations are:
1. To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace;
2. To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace;
3. To achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion; and
4. To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-001-purposes,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/purposes//article-001,
The Organization and its Members, in pursuit of the Purposes stated in Article 1, shall act in accordance with the following Principles.
1. The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members.
2. All Members, in order to ensure to all of them the rights and benefits resulting from membership, shall fulfill in good faith the obligations assumed by them in accordance with the present Charter.
3. All Members shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security, and justice, are not endangered.
4. All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations.
5. All Members shall give the United Nations every assistance in any action it takes in accordance with the present Charter, and shall refrain from giving assistance to any state against which the United Nations is taking preventive or enforcement action.
6. The Organization shall ensure that states which are not Members of the United Nations act in accordance with these Principles so far as may be necessary for the maintenance of international peace and security.
7. Nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state or shall require the Members to submit such matters to settlement under the present Charter; but this principle shall not prejudice the application of enforcement measures under Chapter VII.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-002-principles,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/principles//article-002,
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/chapter-II-membership,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/membership//chapter-II,
The original Members of the United Nations shall be the states which, having participated in the United Nations Conference on International Organization at San Francisco, or having previously signed the Declaration by United Nations of 1 January 1942, sign the present Charter and ratify it in accordance with Article 110.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-003-original-member,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/original-member//article-003,
4.1 Membership in the United Nations is open to all other peace-loving states which accept the obligations contained in the present Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are able and willing to carry out these obligations.
4.2 The admission of any such state to membership in the United Nations will be effected by a decision of the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-004-membership,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/membership//article-004,
A Member of the United Nations against which preventive or enforcement action has been taken by the Security Council may be suspended from the exercise of the rights and privileges of membership by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. The exercise of these rights and privileges may be restored by the Security Council.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-005-membership-rights-suspension,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/membership-rights-suspension//article-005,
A Member of the United Nations which has persistently violated the Principles contained in the present Charter may be expelled from the Organization by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-006-member-expelling,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/member-expelling//article-006,
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/chapter-III-organs,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/organs//chapter-III,
7.1 There are established as principal organs of the United Nations: a General Assembly, a Security Council, an Economic and Social Council, a Trusteeship Council, an International Court of Justice and a Secretariat.
7.2 Such subsidiary organs as may be found necessary may be established in accordance with the present Charter.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-007-organs,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/organs//article-007,
The United Nations shall place no restrictions on the eligibility of men and women to participate in any capacity and under conditions of equality in its principal and subsidiary organs.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-008-equal-participation-in-organs-of-men-women,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/equal-participation-in-organs-of-men-women//article-008,
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/chapter-IV-General-Assembly,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/General-Assembly//chapter-IV,
9.1 The General Assembly shall consist of all the Members of the United Nations.
9.2 Each Member shall have not more than five representatives in the General Assembly.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-009-General-assembly-composition,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/General-assembly-composition//article-009,
The General Assembly may discuss any questions or any matters within the scope of the present Charter or relating to the powers and functions of any organs provided for in the present Charter, and, except as provided in Article 12, may make recommendations to the Members of the United Nations or to the Security Council or to both on any such questions or matters.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-010-General-assembly-discussions,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/General-assembly-discussions//article-010,
11.1 The General Assembly may consider the general principles of co-operation in the maintenance of international peace and security, including the principles governing disarmament and the regulation of armaments, and may make recommendations with regard to such principles to the Members or to the Security Council or to both.
11.2 The General Assembly may discuss any questions relating to the maintenance of international peace and security brought before it by any Member of the United Nations, or by the Security Council, or by a state which is not a Member of the United Nations in accordance with Article 35, paragraph 2, and, except as provided in Article 12, may make recommendations with regard to any such questions to the state or states concerned or to the Security Council or to both. Any such question on which action is necessary shall be referred to the Security Council by the General Assembly either before or after discussion.
11.3 The General Assembly may call the attention of the Security Council to situations which are likely to endanger international peace and security.
11.4 The powers of the General Assembly set forth in this Article shall not limit the general scope of Article 10.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-011,
12.1 While the Security Council is exercising in respect of any dispute or situation the functions assigned to it in the present Charter, the General Assembly shall not make any recommendation with regard to that dispute or situation unless the Security Council so requests.
12.2 The Secretary-General, with the consent of the Security Council, shall notify the General Assembly at each session of any matters relative to the maintenance of international peace and security which are being dealt with by the Security Council and shall similarly notify the General Assembly, or the Members of the United Nations if the General Assembly is not in session, immediately the Security Council ceases to deal with such matters.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-012,
13.1 The General Assembly shall initiate studies and make recommendations for the purpose of
a. promoting international co-operation in the political field and encouraging the progressive development of international law and its codification;
b. promoting international co-operation in the economic, social, cultural, educational, and health fields, and assisting in the realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion.
c. The further responsibilities, functions and powers of the General Assembly with respect to matters mentioned in paragraph 1 (b) above are set forth in Chapters IX and X.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-013,
Subject to the provisions of Article 12, the General Assembly may recommend measures for the peaceful adjustment of any situation, regardless of origin, which it deems likely to impair the general welfare or friendly relations among nations, including situations resulting from a violation of the provisions of the present Charter setting forth the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-014,
15.1 The General Assembly shall receive and consider annual and special reports from the Security Council; these reports shall include an account of the measures that the Security Council has decided upon or taken to maintain international peace and security.
15.2 The General Assembly shall receive and consider reports from the other organs of the United Nations.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-015,
The General Assembly shall perform such functions with respect to the international trusteeship system as are assigned to it under Chapters XII and XIII, including the approval of the trusteeship agreements for areas not designated as strategic.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-016,
17.1 The General Assembly shall consider and approve the budget of the Organization.
17.2 The expenses of the Organization shall be borne by the Members as apportioned by the General Assembly.
17.3 The General Assembly shall consider and approve any financial and budgetary arrangements with specialized agencies referred to in Article 57 and shall examine the administrative budgets of such specialized agencies with a view to making recommendations to the agencies concerned.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-017,
18.1 Each member of the General Assembly shall have one vote.
18.2 Decisions of the General Assembly on important questions shall be made by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting. These questions shall include: recommendations with respect to the maintenance of international peace and security, the election of the non-permanent members of the Security Council, the election of the members of the Economic and Social Council, the election of members of the Trusteeship Council in accordance with paragraph 1 (c) of Article 86, the admission of new Members to the United Nations, the suspension of the rights and privileges of membership, the expulsion of Members, questions relating to the operation of the trusteeship system, and budgetary questions.
18.3 Decisions on other questions, including the determination of additional categories of questions to be decided by a two-thirds majority, shall be made by a majority of the members present and voting.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-018,
A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a Member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Member.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-019,
The General Assembly shall meet in regular annual sessions and in such special sessions as occasion may require. Special sessions shall be convoked by the Secretary-General at the request of the Security Council or of a majority of the Members of the United Nations.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-020,
The General Assembly shall adopt its own rules of procedure. It shall elect its President for each session.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-021,
The General Assembly may establish such subsidiary organs as it deems necessary for the performance of its functions.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-022,
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/chapter-V-Security-Council,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/Security-Council//chapter-V,
23.1 The Security Council shall consist of fifteen Members of the United Nations. The Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America shall be permanent members of the Security Council. The General Assembly shall elect ten other Members of the United Nations to be non-permanent members of the Security Council, due regard being specially paid, in the first instance to the contribution of Members of the United Nations to the maintenance of international peace and security and to the other purposes of the Organization, and also to equitable geographical distribution.
23.2 The non-permanent members of the Security Council shall be elected for a term of two years. In the first election of the non-permanent members after the increase of the membership of the Security Council from eleven to fifteen, two of the four additional members shall be chosen for a term of one year. A retiring member shall not be eligible for immediate re-election.
23.3 Each member of the Security Council shall have one representative.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-023-Security-Council-composition,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/Security-Council-composition//article-023,
24.1 In order to ensure prompt and effective action by the United Nations, its Members confer on the Security Council primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security, and agree that in carrying out its duties under this responsibility the Security Council acts on their behalf.
24.2 In discharging these duties the Security Council shall act in accordance with the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations. The specific powers granted to the Security Council for the discharge of these duties are laid down in Chapters VI, VII, VIII, and XII.
24.3 The Security Council shall submit annual and, when necessary, special reports to the General Assembly for its consideration.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-024,
The Members of the United Nations agree to accept and carry out the decisions of the Security Council in accordance with the present Charter.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-025,
In order to promote the establishment and maintenance of international peace and security with the least diversion for armaments of the world's human and economic resources, the Security Council shall be responsible for formulating, with the assistance of the Military Staff Committee referred to in Article 47, plans to be submitted to the Members of the United Nations for the establishment of a system for the regulation of armaments.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-026,
27.1 Each member of the Security Council shall have one vote.
27.2 Decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members.
27.3 Decisions of the Security Council on all other matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members including the concurring votes of the permanent members; provided that, in decisions under Chapter VI, and under paragraph 3 of Article 52, a party to a dispute shall abstain from voting.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-027,
28.1 The Security Council shall be so organized as to be able to function continuously. Each member of the Security Council shall for this purpose be represented at all times at the seat of the Organization.
28.2 The Security Council shall hold periodic meetings at which each of its members may, if it so desires, be represented by a member of the government or by some other specially designated representative.
28.3 The Security Council may hold meetings at such places other than the seat of the Organization as in its judgment will best facilitate its work.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-028,
The Security Council may establish such subsidiary organs as it deems necessary for the performance of its functions.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-029,
The Security Council shall adopt its own rules of procedure, including the method of selecting its President.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-030,
Any Member of the United Nations which is not a member of the Security Council may participate, without vote, in the discussion of any question brought before the Security Council whenever the latter considers that the interests of that Member are specially affected.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-031,
Any Member of the United Nations which is not a member of the Security Council or any state which is not a Member of the United Nations, if it is a party to a dispute under consideration by the Security Council, shall be invited to participate, without vote, in the discussion relating to the dispute. The Security Council shall lay down such conditions as it deems just for the participation of a state which is not a Member of the United Nations.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-032,
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/chapter-VI-pacific-settlement-of-disputes,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/pacific-settlement-of-disputes//chapter-VI,
33.1 The parties to any dispute, the continuance of which is likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security, shall, first of all, seek a solution by negotiation, enquiry, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement, resort to regional agencies or arrangements, or other peaceful means of their own choice.
33.2 The Security Council shall, when it deems necessary, call upon the parties to settle their dispute by such means.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-033,
The Security Council may investigate any dispute, or any situation which might lead to international friction or give rise to a dispute, in order to determine whether the continuance of the dispute or situation is likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-034,
35.1 Any Member of the United Nations may bring any dispute, or any situation of the nature referred to in Article 34, to the attention of the Security Council or of the General Assembly.
35.2 A state which is not a Member of the United Nations may bring to the attention of the Security Council or of the General Assembly any dispute to which it is a party if it accepts in advance, for the purposes of the dispute, the obligations of pacific settlement provided in the present Charter.
35.3 The proceedings of the General Assembly in respect of matters brought to its attention under this Article will be subject to the provisions of Articles 11 and 12.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-035,
36.1 The Security Council may, at any stage of a dispute of the nature referred to in Article 33 or of a situation of like nature, recommend appropriate procedures or methods of adjustment.
36.2 The Security Council should take into consideration any procedures for the settlement of the dispute which have already been adopted by the parties.
36.3 In making recommendations under this Article the Security Council should also take into consideration that legal disputes should as a general rule be referred by the parties to the International Court of Justice in accordance with the provisions of the Statute of the Court.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-036,
37.1 Should the parties to a dispute of the nature referred to in Article 33 fail to settle it by the means indicated in that Article, they shall refer it to the Security Council.
37.2 If the Security Council deems that the continuance of the dispute is in fact likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security, it shall decide whether to take action under Article 36 or to recommend such terms of settlement as it may consider appropriate.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-037,
Without prejudice to the provisions of Articles 33 to 37, the Security Council may, if all the parties to any dispute so request, make recommendations to the parties with a view to a pacific settlement of the dispute.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-038,
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/chapter-VII-action-with-respect-to-threats-to-the-peace-breaches-of-the-peace-and-acts-of-aggression,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/action-with-respect-to-threats-to-the-peace-breaches-of-the-peace-and-acts-of-aggression//chapter-VII,
The Security Council shall determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression and shall make recommendations, or decide what measures shall be taken in accordance with Articles 41 and 42, to maintain or restore international peace and security.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-039,
In order to prevent an aggravation of the situation, the Security Council may, before making the recommendations or deciding upon the measures provided for in Article 39, call upon the parties concerned to comply with such provisional measures as it deems necessary or desirable. Such provisional measures shall be without prejudice to the rights, claims, or position of the parties concerned. The Security Council shall duly take account of failure to comply with such provisional measures.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-040,
The Security Council may decide what measures not involving the use of armed force are to be employed to give effect to its decisions, and it may call upon the Members of the United Nations to apply such measures. These may include complete or partial interruption of economic relations and of rail, sea, air, postal, telegraphic, radio, and other means of communication, and the severance of diplomatic relations.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-041,
Should the Security Council consider that measures provided for in Article 41 would be inadequate or have proved to be inadequate, it may take such action by air, sea, or land forces as may be necessary to maintain or restore international peace and security. Such action may include demonstrations, blockade, and other operations by air, sea, or land forces of Members of the United Nations.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-042,
43.1 All Members of the United Nations, in order to contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security, undertake to make available to the Security Council, on its call and in accordance with a special agreement or agreements, armed forces, assistance, and facilities, including rights of passage, necessary for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security.
43.2 Such agreement or agreements shall govern the numbers and types of forces, their degree of readiness and general location, and the nature of the facilities and assistance to be provided.
43.3 The agreement or agreements shall be negotiated as soon as possible on the initiative of the Security Council. They shall be concluded between the Security Council and Members or between the Security Council and groups of Members and shall be subject to ratification by the signatory states in accordance with their respective constitutional processes.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-043,
When the Security Council has decided to use force it shall, before calling upon a Member not represented on it to provide armed forces in fulfilment of the obligations assumed under Article 43, invite that Member, if the Member so desires, to participate in the decisions of the Security Council concerning the employment of contingents of that Member's armed forces.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-044,
In order to enable the United Nations to take urgent military measures, Members shall hold immediately available national air-force contingents for combined international enforcement action. The strength and degree of readiness of these contingents and plans for their combined action shall be determined within the limits laid down in the special agreement or agreements referred to in Article 43, by the Security Council with the assistance of the Military Staff Committee.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-045,
Plans for the application of armed force shall be made by the Security Council with the assistance of the Military Staff Committee.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-046,
47.1 There shall be established a Military Staff Committee to advise and assist the Security Council on all questions relating to the Security Council's military requirements for the maintenance of international peace and security, the employment and command of forces placed at its disposal, the regulation of armaments, and possible disarmament.
47.2 The Military Staff Committee shall consist of the Chiefs of Staff of the permanent members of the Security Council or their representatives. Any Member of the United Nations not permanently represented on the Committee shall be invited by the Committee to be associated with it when the efficient discharge of the Committee's responsibilities requires the participation of that Member in its work.
47.3 The Military Staff Committee shall be responsible under the Security Council for the strategic direction of any armed forces placed at the disposal of the Security Council. Questions relating to the command of such forces shall be worked out subsequently.
47.4 The Military Staff Committee, with the authorization of the Security Council and after consultation with appropriate regional agencies, may establish regional sub-committees.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-047,
48.1 The action required to carry out the decisions of the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security shall be taken by all the Members of the United Nations or by some of them, as the Security Council may determine.
48.2 Such decisions shall be carried out by the Members of the United Nations directly and through their action in the appropriate international agencies of which they are members.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-048,
The Members of the United Nations shall join in affording mutual assistance in carrying out the measures decided upon by the Security Council.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-049,
If preventive or enforcement measures against any state are taken by the Security Council, any other state, whether a Member of the United Nations or not, which finds itself confronted with special economic problems arising from the carrying out of those measures shall have the right to consult the Security Council with regard to a solution of those problems.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-050,
Nothing in the present Charter shall impair the inherent right of individual or collective self-defence if an armed attack occurs against a Member of the United Nations, until the Security Council has taken measures necessary to maintain international peace and security. Measures taken by Members in the exercise of this right of self-defence shall be immediately reported to the Security Council and shall not in any way affect the authority and responsibility of the Security Council under the present Charter to take at any time such action as it deems necessary in order to maintain or restore international peace and security.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-051,
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/chapter-VIII-regional-arrangements,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/regional-arrangements//chapter-VIII,
52.1 Nothing in the present Charter precludes the existence of regional arrangements or agencies for dealing with such matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security as are appropriate for regional action provided that such arrangements or agencies and their activities are consistent with the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations.
52.2 The Members of the United Nations entering into such arrangements or constituting such agencies shall make every effort to achieve pacific settlement of local disputes through such regional arrangements or by such regional agencies before referring them to the Security Council.
52.3 The Security Council shall encourage the development of pacific settlement of local disputes through such regional arrangements or by such regional agencies either on the initiative of the states concerned or by reference from the Security Council.
52.4 This Article in no way impairs the application of Articles 34 and 35.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-052,
53.1 The Security Council shall, where appropriate, utilize such regional arrangements or agencies for enforcement action under its authority. But no enforcement action shall be taken under regional arrangements or by regional agencies without the authorization of the Security Council, with the exception of measures against any enemy state, as defined in paragraph 2 of this Article, provided for pursuant to Article 107 or in regional arrangements directed against renewal of aggressive policy on the part of any such state, until such time as the Organization may, on request of the Governments concerned, be charged with the responsibility for preventing further aggression by such a state.
53.2 The term enemy state as used in paragraph 1 of this Article applies to any state which during the Second World War has been an enemy of any signatory of the present Charter.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-053,
The Security Council shall at all times be kept fully informed of activities undertaken or in contemplation under regional arrangements or by regional agencies for the maintenance of international peace and security.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-054,
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/chapter-IX-international-economic-and-social-co-operation,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/international-economic-and-social-co-operation//chapter-IX,
With a view to the creation of conditions of stability and well-being which are necessary for peaceful and friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, the United Nations shall promote:
a. higher standards of living, full employment, and conditions of economic and social progress and development;
b. solutions of international economic, social, health, and related problems; and international cultural and educational cooperation; and
c. universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-055-promotions,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/promotions//article-055,
All Members pledge themselves to take joint and separate action in co-operation with the Organization for the achievement of the purposes set forth in Article 55.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-056,
57.1 The various specialized agencies, established by intergovernmental agreement and having wide international responsibilities, as defined in their basic instruments, in economic, social, cultural, educational, health, and related fields, shall be brought into relationship with the United Nations in accordance with the provisions of Article 63.
57.2 Such agencies thus brought into relationship with the United Nations are hereinafter referred to as specialized agencies.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-057-specialized-agencies,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/specialized-agencies//article-057,
The Organization shall make recommendations for the co-ordination of the policies and activities of the specialized agencies.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-058,
The Organization shall, where appropriate, initiate negotiations among the states concerned for the creation of any new specialized agencies required for the accomplishment of the purposes set forth in Article 55.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-059,
Responsibility for the discharge of the functions of the Organization set forth in this Chapter shall be vested in the General Assembly and, under the authority of the General Assembly, in the Economic and Social Council, which shall have for this purpose the powers set forth in Chapter X.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-060-discharge-of-functions,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/discharge-of-functions//article-060,
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/chapter-X-Economic-and-Social-Council,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/Economic-and-Social-Council//chapter-X,
61.1 The Economic and Social Council shall consist of fifty-four Members of the United Nations elected by the General Assembly.
61.2 Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3, eighteen members of the Economic and Social Council shall be elected each year for a term of three years. A retiring member shall be eligible for immediate re-election.
61.3 At the first election after the increase in the membership of the Economic and Social Council from twenty-seven to fifty-four members, in addition to the members elected in place of the nine members whose term of office expires at the end of that year, twenty-seven additional members shall be elected. Of these twenty-seven additional members, the term of office of nine members so elected shall expire at the end of one year, and of nine other members at the end of two years, in accordance with arrangements made by the General Assembly.
61.4 Each member of the Economic and Social Council shall have one representative.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-061-composition,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/composition//article-061,
62.1 The Economic and Social Council may make or initiate studies and reports with respect to international economic, social, cultural, educational, health, and related matters and may make recommendations with respect to any such matters to the General Assembly to the Members of the United Nations, and to the specialized agencies concerned.
62.2 It may make recommendations for the purpose of promoting respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all.
62.3 It may prepare draft conventions for submission to the General Assembly, with respect to matters falling within its competence.
62.4 It may call, in accordance with the rules prescribed by the United Nations, international conferences on matters falling within its competence.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-062,
63.1 The Economic and Social Council may enter into agreements with any of the agencies referred to in Article 57, defining the terms on which the agency concerned shall be brought into relationship with the United Nations. Such agreements shall be subject to approval by the General Assembly.
63.2 It may co-ordinate the activities of the specialized agencies through consultation with and recommendations to such agencies and through recommendations to the General Assembly and to the Members of the United Nations.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-063,
64.1 The Economic and Social Council may take appropriate steps to obtain regular reports from the specialized agencies. It may make arrangements with the Members of the United Nations and with the specialized agencies to obtain reports on the steps taken to give effect to its own recommendations and to recommendations on matters falling within its competence made by the General Assembly.
64.2 It may communicate its observations on these reports to the General Assembly.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-064,
The Economic and Social Council may furnish information to the Security Council and shall assist the Security Council upon its request.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-065,
66.1 The Economic and Social Council shall perform such functions as fall within its competence in connection with the carrying out of the recommendations of the General Assembly.
66.2 It may, with the approval of the General Assembly, perform services at the request of Members of the United Nations and at the request of specialized agencies.
66.3 It shall perform such other functions as are specified elsewhere in the present Charter or as may be assigned to it by the General Assembly.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-066,
67.1 Each member of the Economic and Social Council shall have one vote.
67.2 Decisions of the Economic and Social Council shall be made by a majority of the members present and voting.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-067,
The Economic and Social Council shall set up commissions in economic and social fields and for the promotion of human rights, and such other commissions as may be required for the performance of its functions.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-068,
The Economic and Social Council shall invite any Member of the United Nations to participate, without vote, in its deliberations on any matter of particular concern to that Member.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-069,
The Economic and Social Council may make arrangements for representatives of the specialized agencies to participate, without vote, in its deliberations and in those of the commissions established by it, and for its representatives to participate in the deliberations of the specialized agencies.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-070,
The Economic and Social Council may make suitable arrangements for consultation with non-governmental organizations which are concerned with matters within its competence. Such arrangements may be made with international organizations and, where appropriate, with national organizations after consultation with the Member of the United Nations concerned.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-071,
72.1 The Economic and Social Council shall adopt its own rules of procedure, including the method of selecting its President.
72.2 The Economic and Social Council shall meet as required in accordance with its rules, which shall include provision for the convening of meetings on the request of a majority of its members.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-072,
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/chapter-XI-declaration-regarding-non-self-governing-territories,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/declaration-regarding-non-self-governing-territories//chapter-XI,
Members of the United Nations which have or assume responsibilities for the administration of territories whose peoples have not yet attained a full measure of self-government recognize the principle that the interests of the inhabitants of these territories are paramount, and accept as a sacred trust the obligation to promote to the utmost, within the system of international peace and security established by the present Charter, the well-being of the inhabitants of these territories, and, to this end:
a. to ensure, with due respect for the culture of the peoples concerned, their political, economic, social, and educational advancement, their just treatment, and their protection against abuses;
b. to develop self-government, to take due account of the political aspirations of the peoples, and to assist them in the progressive development of their free political institutions, according to the particular circumstances of each territory and its peoples and their varying stages of advancement;
c. to further international peace and security;
d. to promote constructive measures of development, to encourage research, and to co-operate with one another and, when and where appropriate, with specialized international bodies with a view to the practical achievement of the social, economic, and scientific purposes set forth in this Article; and
e. to transmit regularly to the Secretary-General for information purposes, subject to such limitation as security and constitutional considerations may require, statistical and other information of a technical nature relating to economic, social, and educational conditions in the territories for which they are respectively responsible other than those territories to which Chapters XII and XIII apply.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-073-non-self-governing-territories,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/non-self-governing-territories//article-073,
Members of the United Nations also agree that their policy in respect of the territories to which this Chapter applies, no less than in respect of their metropolitan areas, must be based on the general principle of good-neighbourliness, due account being taken of the interests and well-being of the rest of the world, in social, economic, and commercial matters.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-074,
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/chapter-XII-international-trusteeship-system,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/international-trusteeship-system//chapter-XII,
The United Nations shall establish under its authority an international trusteeship system for the administration and supervision of such territories as may be placed thereunder by subsequent individual agreements. These territories are hereinafter referred to as trust territories.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-075-trust-territories,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/trust-territories//article-075,
The basic objectives of the trusteeship system, in accordance with the Purposes of the United Nations laid down in Article 1 of the present Charter, shall be:
a. to further international peace and security;
b. to promote the political, economic, social, and educational advancement of the inhabitants of the trust territories, and their progressive development towards self-government or independence as may be appropriate to the particular circumstances of each territory and its peoples and the freely expressed wishes of the peoples concerned, and as may be provided by the terms of each trusteeship agreement;
c. to encourage respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion, and to encourage recognition of the interdependence of the peoples of the world; and
d. to ensure equal treatment in social, economic, and commercial matters for all Members of the United Nations and their nationals, and also equal treatment for the latter in the administration of justice, without prejudice to the attainment of the foregoing objectives and subject to the provisions of Article 80.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-076,
77.1 The trusteeship system shall apply to such territories in the following categories as may be placed thereunder by means of trusteeship agreements:
a. territories now held under mandate;
b. territories which may be detached from enemy states as a result of the Second World War; and
c. territories voluntarily placed under the system by states responsible for their administration.
77.2 It will be a matter for subsequent agreement as to which territories in the foregoing categories will be brought under the trusteeship system and upon what terms.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-077,
The trusteeship system shall not apply to territories which have become Members of the United Nations, relationship among which shall be based on respect for the principle of sovereign equality.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-078,
The terms of trusteeship for each territory to be placed under the trusteeship system, including any alteration or amendment, shall be agreed upon by the states directly concerned, including the mandatory power in the case of territories held under mandate by a Member of the United Nations, and shall be approved as provided for in Articles 83 and 85.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-079,
80.1 Except as may be agreed upon in individual trusteeship agreements, made under Articles 77, 79, and 81, placing each territory under the trusteeship system, and until such agreements have been concluded, nothing in this Chapter shall be construed in or of itself to alter in any manner the rights whatsoever of any states or any peoples or the terms of existing international instruments to which Members of the United Nations may respectively be parties.
80.2 Paragraph 1 of this Article shall not be interpreted as giving grounds for delay or postponement of the negotiation and conclusion of agreements for placing mandated and other territories under the trusteeship system as provided for in Article 77.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-080,
The trusteeship agreement shall in each case include the terms under which the trust territory will be administered and designate the authority which will exercise the administration of the trust territory. Such authority, hereinafter called the administering authority, may be one or more states or the Organization itself.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-081,
There may be designated, in any trusteeship agreement, a strategic area or areas which may include part or all of the trust territory to which the agreement applies, without prejudice to any special agreement or agreements made under Article 43.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-082,
83.1 All functions of the United Nations relating to strategic areas, including the approval of the terms of the trusteeship agreements and of their alteration or amendment shall be exercised by the Security Council.
83.2 The basic objectives set forth in Article 76 shall be applicable to the people of each strategic area.
83.3 The Security Council shall, subject to the provisions of the trusteeship agreements and without prejudice to security considerations, avail itself of the assistance of the Trusteeship Council to perform those functions of the United Nations under the trusteeship system relating to political, economic, social, and educational matters in the strategic areas.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-083,
It shall be the duty of the administering authority to ensure that the trust territory shall play its part in the maintenance of international peace and security. To this end the administering authority may make use of volunteer forces, facilities, and assistance from the trust territory in carrying out the obligations towards the Security Council undertaken in this regard by the administering authority, as well as for local defence and the maintenance of law and order within the trust territory.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-084,
85.1 The functions of the United Nations with regard to trusteeship agreements for all areas not designated as strategic, including the approval of the terms of the trusteeship agreements and of their alteration or amendment, shall be exercised by the General Assembly.
85.2 The Trusteeship Council, operating under the authority of the General Assembly shall assist the General Assembly in carrying out these functions.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-085,
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/chapter-XIII-Trusteeship-Council,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/Trusteeship-Council//chapter-XIII,
86.1 The Trusteeship Council shall consist of the following Members of the United Nations:
a. those Members administering trust territories;
b. such of those Members mentioned by name in Article 23 as are not administering trust territories; and
c. as many other Members elected for three-year terms by the General Assembly as may be necessary to ensure that the total number of members of the Trusteeship Council is equally divided between those Members of the United Nations which administer trust territories and those which do not.
86.2 Each member of the Trusteeship Council shall designate one specially qualified person to represent it therein.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-086-Trusteeship-council-composition,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/Trusteeship-council-composition//article-086,
The General Assembly and, under its authority, the Trusteeship Council, in carrying out their functions, may:
a. consider reports submitted by the administering authority;
b. accept petitions and examine them in consultation with the administering authority;
c. provide for periodic visits to the respective trust territories at times agreed upon with the administering authority; and
d. take these and other actions in conformity with the terms of the trusteeship agreements.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-087,
The Trusteeship Council shall formulate a questionnaire on the political, economic, social, and educational advancement of the inhabitants of each trust territory, and the administering authority for each trust territory within the competence of the General Assembly shall make an annual report to the General Assembly upon the basis of such questionnaire.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-088,
89.1 Each member of the Trusteeship Council shall have one vote.
89.2 Decisions of the Trusteeship Council shall be made by a majority of the members present and voting.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-089,
90.1 The Trusteeship Council shall adopt its own rules of procedure, including the method of selecting its President.
90.2 The Trusteeship Council shall meet as required in accordance with its rules, which shall include provision for the convening of meetings on the request of a majority of its members.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-090,
The Trusteeship Council shall, when appropriate, avail itself of the assistance of the Economic and Social Council and of the specialized agencies in regard to matters with which they are respectively concerned.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-091,
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/chapter-XIV-International-Court-of-Justice,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/International-Court-of-Justice//chapter-XIV,
The International Court of Justice shall be the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. It shall function in accordance with the annexed Statute, which is based upon the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice and forms an integral part of the present Charter.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-092,
93.1 All Members of the United Nations are ipso facto parties to the Statute of the International Court of Justice.
93.2 A state which is not a Member of the United Nations may become a party to the Statute of the International Court of Justice on conditions to be determined in each case by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-093,
94.1 Each Member of the United Nations undertakes to comply with the decision of the International Court of Justice in any case to which it is a party.
94.2 If any party to a case fails to perform the obligations incumbent upon it under a judgment rendered by the Court, the other party may have recourse to the Security Council, which may, if it deems necessary, make recommendations or decide upon measures to be taken to give effect to the judgment.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-094,
Nothing in the present Charter shall prevent Members of the United Nations from entrusting the solution of their differences to other tribunals by virtue of agreements already in existence or which may be concluded in the future.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-095,
96.1 The General Assembly or the Security Council may request the International Court of Justice to give an advisory opinion on any legal question.
96.2 Other organs of the United Nations and specialized agencies, which may at any time be so authorized by the General Assembly, may also request advisory opinions of the Court on legal questions arising within the scope of their activities.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-096,
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/chapter-XV-Secretariat,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/Secretariat//chapter-XV,
The Secretariat shall comprise a Secretary-General and such staff as the Organization may require. The Secretary-General shall be appointed by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. He shall be the chief administrative officer of the Organization.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-097-Secretary-general,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/Secretary-general//article-097,
The Secretary-General shall act in that capacity in all meetings of the General Assembly, of the Security Council, of the Economic and Social Council, and of the Trusteeship Council, and shall perform such other functions as are entrusted to him by these organs. The Secretary-General shall make an annual report to the General Assembly on the work of the Organization.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-098,
The Secretary-General may bring to the attention of the Security Council any matter which in his opinion may threaten the maintenance of international peace and security.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-099,
100.1 In the performance of their duties the Secretary-General and the staff shall not seek or receive instructions from any government or from any other authority external to the Organization. They shall refrain from any action which might reflect on their position as international officials responsible only to the Organization.
100.2 Each Member of the United Nations undertakes to respect the exclusively international character of the responsibilities of the Secretary-General and the staff and not to seek to influence them in the discharge of their responsibilities.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-100,
101.1 The staff shall be appointed by the Secretary-General under regulations established by the General Assembly.
101.2 Appropriate staffs shall be permanently assigned to the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, and, as required, to other organs of the United Nations. These staffs shall form a part of the Secretariat.
101.3 The paramount consideration in the employment of the staff and in the determination of the conditions of service shall be the necessity of securing the highest standards of efficiency, competence, and integrity. Due regard shall be paid to the importance of recruiting the staff on as wide a geographical basis as possible.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-101,
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/chapter-XVI-miscellaneous-provisions,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/miscellaneous-provisions//chapter-XVI,
102.1 Every treaty and every international agreement entered into by any Member of the United Nations after the present Charter comes into force shall as soon as possible be registered with the Secretariat and published by it.
102.2 No party to any such treaty or international agreement which has not been registered in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article may invoke that treaty or agreement before any organ of the United Nations.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-102,
In the event of a conflict between the obligations of the Members of the United Nations under the present Charter and their obligations under any other international agreement, their obligations under the present Charter shall prevail.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-103,
The Organization shall enjoy in the territory of each of its Members such legal capacity as may be necessary for the exercise of its functions and the fulfilment of its purposes.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-104,
105.1 The Organization shall enjoy in the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the fulfilment of its purposes.
105.2 Representatives of the Members of the United Nations and officials of the Organization shall similarly enjoy such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connexion with the Organization.
105.3 The General Assembly may make recommendations with a view to determining the details of the application of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article or may propose conventions to the Members of the United Nations for this purpose.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-105,
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/chapter-XVII-transitional-security-arrangements,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/transitional-security-arrangements//chapter-XVII,
Pending the coming into force of such special agreements referred to in Article 43 as in the opinion of the Security Council enable it to begin the exercise of its responsibilities under Article 42, the parties to the Four-Nation Declaration, signed at Moscow, 30 October 1943, and France, shall, in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 5 of that Declaration, consult with one another and as occasion requires with other Members of the United Nations with a view to such joint action on behalf of the Organization as may be necessary for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-106,
Nothing in the present Charter shall invalidate or preclude action, in relation to any state which during the Second World War has been an enemy of any signatory to the present Charter, taken or authorized as a result of that war by the Governments having responsibility for such action.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-107,
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/chapter-XVIII-amendments,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/amendments//chapter-XVIII,
Amendments to the present Charter shall come into force for all Members of the United Nations when they have been adopted by a vote of two thirds of the members of the General Assembly and ratified in accordance with their respective constitutional processes by two thirds of the Members of the United Nations, including all the permanent members of the Security Council.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-108,
109.1 A General Conference of the Members of the United Nations for the purpose of reviewing the present Charter may be held at a date and place to be fixed by a two-thirds vote of the members of the General Assembly and by a vote of any nine members of the Security Council. Each Member of the United Nations shall have one vote in the conference.
109.2 Any alteration of the present Charter recommended by a two-thirds vote of the conference shall take effect when ratified in accordance with their respective constitutional processes by two thirds of the Members of the United Nations including all the permanent members of the Security Council.
109.3 If such a conference has not been held before the tenth annual session of the General Assembly following the coming into force of the present Charter, the proposal to call such a conference shall be placed on the agenda of that session of the General Assembly, and the conference shall be held if so decided by a majority vote of the members of the General Assembly and by a vote of any seven members of the Security Council.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-109,
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/chapter-XIX-ratification-and-signature,
* McsEngl.Uncharter/ratification-and-signature//chapter-XIX,
110.1 The present Charter shall be ratified by the signatory states in accordance with their respective constitutional processes.
110.2 The ratifications shall be deposited with the Government of the United States of America, which shall notify all the signatory states of each deposit as well as the Secretary-General of the Organization when he has been appointed.
110.3 The present Charter shall come into force upon the deposit of ratifications by the Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America, and by a majority of the other signatory states. A protocol of the ratifications deposited shall thereupon be drawn up by the Government of the United States of America which shall communicate copies thereof to all the signatory states.
110.4 The states signatory to the present Charter which ratify it after it has come into force will become original Members of the United Nations on the date of the deposit of their respective ratifications.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-110,
The present Charter, of which the Chinese, French, Russian, English, and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall remain deposited in the archives of the Government of the United States of America. Duly certified copies thereof shall be transmitted by that Government to the Governments of the other signatory states.
name::
* McsEngl.Uncharter/article-111,
IN FAITH WHEREOF the representatives of the Governments of the United Nations have signed the present Charter. DONE at the city of San Francisco the twenty-sixth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and forty-five.
description::
· any well|bad-being state of the-ozn.
name::
* McsEngl.ogznUn'05_health,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'att007-health,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'health,
addressWpg::
* {2016-03-20} Anthony-Banbury, I Love the U.N., but It Is Failing, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/20/opinion/sunday/i-love-the-un-but-it-is-failing.html,
name::
* McsEngl.ogznUn'att018-place,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'place,
name::
* McsEngl.ogznUn'doing,
description::
* 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,
description::
"In January 2015, the General Assembly began the negotiation process on the post-2015 development agenda. The process culminated in the subsequent adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, with 17 SDGs at its core, at the UN Sustainable Development Summit in September 2015."
[https://sdgs.un.org/goals]
name::
* McsEngl.2030-Agenda-for-Sustainable-Development!⇒Un2030asd,
* McsEngl.Agenda-for-Sustainable-Development-2030!⇒Un2030asd,
* McsEngl.SDGs!=Sustainable-Development-Goals,
* McsEngl.Sustainable-Development-Agenda-2030!⇒Un2030asd,
* McsEngl.Un2030asd,
* McsEngl.Un2030asd!=Un2030-Agenda-for-Sustainable-Development,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'att008'2030-Agenda-for-Sustainable-Development!⇒Un2030asd,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'2030-Agenda-for-Sustainable-Development!⇒Un2030asd,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'goal.2030-Agenda-for-Sustainable-Development!⇒Un2030asd,
name::
* McsEngl.Un2030asd'text,
addressWpg::
* https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda,
This Agenda is a plan of action for people, planet and prosperity.
It also seeks to strengthen universal peace in larger freedom.
We recognise that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development.
All countries and all stakeholders, acting in collaborative partnership, will implement this plan.
We are resolved to free the human race from the tyranny of poverty and want and to heal and secure our planet.
We are determined to take the bold and transformative steps which are urgently needed to shift the world onto a sustainable and resilient path.
As we embark on this collective journey, we pledge that no one will be left behind.
The 17 Sustainable Development Goals and 169 targets which we are announcing today demonstrate the scale and ambition of this new universal Agenda.
They seek to build on the Millennium Development Goals and complete what these did not achieve.
They seek to realize the human rights of all and to achieve gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls.
They are integrated and indivisible and balance the three dimensions of sustainable development: the economic, social and environmental.
The Goals and targets will stimulate action over the next fifteen years in areas of critical importance for humanity and the planet:
We are determined to end poverty and hunger, in all their forms and dimensions, and to ensure that all human beings can fulfil their potential in dignity and equality and in a healthy environment.
We are determined to protect the planet from degradation, including through sustainable consumption and production, sustainably managing its natural resources and taking urgent action on climate change, so that it can support the needs of the present and future generations.
We are determined to ensure that all human beings can enjoy prosperous and fulfilling lives and that economic, social and technological progress occurs in harmony with nature.
We are determined to foster peaceful, just and inclusive societies which are free from fear and violence.
There can be no sustainable development without peace and no peace without sustainable development.
We are determined to mobilize the means required to implement this Agenda through a revitalised Global Partnership for Sustainable Development, based on a spirit of strengthened global solidarity, focussed in particular on the needs of the poorest and most vulnerable and with the participation of all countries, all stakeholders and all people.
The interlinkages and integrated nature of the Sustainable Development Goals are of crucial importance in ensuring that the purpose of the new Agenda is realised.
If we realize our ambitions across the full extent of the Agenda, the lives of all will be profoundly improved and our world will be transformed for the better.
1. We, the Heads of State and Government and High Representatives, meeting at the United Nations Headquarters in New York from 25-27 September 2015 as the Organization celebrates its seventieth anniversary, have decided today on new global Sustainable Development Goals.
2. On behalf of the peoples we serve, we have adopted a historic decision on a comprehensive, far-reaching and people-centred set of universal and transformative Goals and targets.
We commit ourselves to working tirelessly for the full implementation of this Agenda by 2030.
We recognize that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development.
We are committed to achieving sustainable development in its three dimensions – economic, social and environmental – in a balanced and integrated manner.
We will also build upon the achievements of the Millennium Development Goals and seek to address their unfinished business.
3. We resolve, between now and 2030, to end poverty and hunger everywhere; to combat inequalities within and among countries; to build peaceful, just and inclusive societies; to protect human rights and promote gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls; and to ensure the lasting protection of the planet and its natural resources.
We resolve also to create conditions for sustainable, inclusive and sustained economic growth, shared prosperity and decent work for all, taking into account different levels of national development and capacities.
4. As we embark on this great collective journey, we pledge that no one will be left behind.
Recognizing that the dignity of the human person is fundamental, we wish to see the Goals and targets met for all nations and peoples and for all segments of society.
And we will endeavour to reach the furthest behind first.
5. This is an Agenda of unprecedented scope and significance.
It is accepted by all countries and is applicable to all, taking into account different national realities, capacities and levels of development and respecting national policies and priorities.
These are universal goals and targets which involve the entire world, developed and developing countries alike.
They are integrated and indivisible and balance the three dimensions of sustainable development.
6. The Goals and targets are the result of over two years of intensive public consultation and engagement with civil society and other stakeholders around the world, which paid particular attention to the voices of the poorest and most vulnerable.
This consultation included valuable work done by the General Assembly Open Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals and by the United Nations, whose Secretary-General provided a synthesis report in December 2014.
7. In these Goals and targets, we are setting out a supremely ambitious and transformational vision.
We envisage a world free of poverty, hunger, disease and want, where all life can thrive.
We envisage a world free of fear and violence.
A world with universal literacy.
A world with equitable and universal access to quality education at all levels, to health care and social protection, where physical, mental and social well-being are assured.
A world where we reaffirm our commitments regarding the human right to safe drinking water and sanitation and where there is improved hygiene; and where food is sufficient, safe, affordable and nutritious.
A world where human habitats are safe, resilient and sustainable and where there is universal access to affordable, reliable and sustainable energy.
8. We envisage a world of universal respect for human rights and human dignity, the rule of law, justice, equality and non-discrimination; of respect for race, ethnicity and cultural diversity; and of equal opportunity permitting the full realization of human potential and contributing to shared prosperity.
A world which invests in its children and in which every child grows up free from violence and exploitation.
A world in which every woman and girl enjoys full gender equality and all legal, social and economic barriers to their empowerment have been removed.
A just, equitable, tolerant, open and socially inclusive world in which the needs of the most vulnerable are met.
9. We envisage a world in which every country enjoys sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth and decent work for all.
A world in which consumption and production patterns and use of all natural resources – from air to land, from rivers, lakes and aquifers to oceans and seas - are sustainable.
One in which democracy, good governance and the rule of law as well as an enabling environment at national and international levels, are essential for sustainable development, including sustained and inclusive economic growth, social development, environmental protection and the eradication of poverty and hunger.
One in which development and the application of technology are climate-sensitive, respect biodiversity and are resilient.
One in which humanity lives in harmony with nature and in which wildlife and other living species are protected.
10. The new Agenda is guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, including full respect for international law.
It is grounded in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, international human rights treaties, the Millennium Declaration and the 2005 World Summit Outcome Document.
It is informed by other instruments such as the Declaration on the Right to Development.
11. We reaffirm the outcomes of all major UN conferences and summits which have laid a solid foundation for sustainable development and have helped to shape the new Agenda.
These include the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development; the World Summit on Sustainable Development; the World Summit for Social Development; the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development, the Beijing Platform for Action; and the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development ("Rio+ 20").
We also reaffirm the follow-up to these conferences, including the outcomes of the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, the Third International Conference on Small Island Developing States; the Second United Nations Conference on Landlocked Developing Countries; and the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction.
12. We reaffirm all the principles of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, including, inter alia, the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, as set out in principle 7 thereof.
13. The challenges and commitments contained in these major conferences and summits are interrelated and call for integrated solutions.
To address them effectively, a new approach is needed.
Sustainable development recognizes that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, combatting inequality within and among countries, preserving the planet, creating sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth and fostering social inclusion are linked to each other and are interdependent.
14. We are meeting at a time of immense challenges to sustainable development.
Billions of our citizens continue to live in poverty and are denied a life of dignity.
There are rising inequalities within and among countries.
There are enormous disparities of opportunity, wealth and power.
Gender inequality remains a key challenge.
Unemployment, particularly youth unemployment, is a major concern.
Global health threats, more frequent and intense natural disasters, spiralling conflict, violent extremism, terrorism and related humanitarian crises and forced displacement of people threaten to reverse much of the development progress made in recent decades.
Natural resource depletion and adverse impacts of environmental degradation, including desertification, drought, land degradation, freshwater scarcity and loss of biodiversity, add to and exacerbate the list of challenges which humanity faces.
Climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time and its adverse impacts undermine the ability of all countries to achieve sustainable development.
Increases in global temperature, sea level rise, ocean acidification and other climate change impacts are seriously affecting coastal areas and low-lying coastal countries, including many least developed countries and small island developing States.
The survival of many societies, and of the biological support systems of the planet, is at risk.
15. It is also, however, a time of immense opportunity.
Significant progress has been made in meeting many development challenges.
Within the past generation, hundreds of millions of people have emerged from extreme poverty.
Access to education has greatly increased for both boys and girls.
The spread of information and communications technology and global interconnectedness has great potential to accelerate human progress, to bridge the digital divide and to develop knowledge societies, as does scientific and technological innovation across areas as diverse as medicine and energy.
16. Almost fifteen years ago, the Millennium Development Goals were agreed.
These provided an important framework for development and significant progress has been made in a number of areas.
But the progress has been uneven, particularly in Africa, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries, and small island developing States, and some of the MDGs remain off-track, in particular those related to maternal, newborn and child health and to reproductive health.
We recommit ourselves to the full realization of all the MDGs, including the off-track MDGs, in particular by providing focussed and scaled-up assistance to least developed countries and other countries in special situations, in line with relevant support programmes.
The new Agenda builds on the Millennium Development Goals and seeks to complete what these did not achieve, particularly in reaching the most vulnerable.
17. In its scope, however, the framework we are announcing today goes far beyond the MDGs.
Alongside continuing development priorities such as poverty eradication, health, education and food security and nutrition, it sets out a wide range of economic, social and environmental objectives.
It also promises more peaceful and inclusive societies.
It also, crucially, defines means of implementation.
Reflecting the integrated approach that we have decided on, there are deep interconnections and many cross-cutting elements across the new Goals and targets.
18. We are announcing today 17 Sustainable Development Goals with 169 associated targets which are integrated and indivisible.
Never before have world leaders pledged common action and endeavour across such a broad and universal policy agenda.
We are setting out together on the path towards sustainable development, devoting ourselves collectively to the pursuit of global development and of "win-win" cooperation which can bring huge gains to all countries and all parts of the world.
We reaffirm that every State has, and shall freely exercise, full permanent sovereignty over all its wealth, natural resources and economic activity.
We will implement the Agenda for the full benefit of all, for today’s generation and for future generations.
In doing so, we reaffirm our commitment to international law and emphasize that the Agenda is to be implemented in a manner that is consistent with the rights and obligations of states under international law.
19. We reaffirm the importance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as well as other international instruments relating to human rights and international law.
We emphasize the responsibilities of all States, in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations, to respect, protect and promote human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, without distinction of any kind as to race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth, disability or other status.
20. Realizing gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls will make a crucial contribution to progress across all the Goals and targets.
The achievement of full human potential and of sustainable development is not possible if one half of humanity continues to be denied its full human rights and opportunities.
Women and girls must enjoy equal access to quality education, economic resources and political participation as well as equal opportunities with men and boys for employment, leadership and decision-making at all levels.
We will work for a significant increase in investments to close the gender gap and strengthen support for institutions in relation to gender equality and the empowerment of women at the global, regional and national levels.
All forms of discrimination and violence against women and girls will be eliminated, including through the engagement of men and boys.
The systematic mainstreaming of a gender perspective in the implementation of the Agenda is crucial.
21. The new Goals and targets will come into effect on 1 January 2016 and will guide the decisions we take over the next fifteen years.
All of us will work to implement the Agenda within our own countries and at the regional and global levels, taking into account different national realities, capacities and levels of development and respecting national policies and priorities.
We will respect national policy space for sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, in particular for developing states, while remaining consistent with relevant international rules and commitments.
We acknowledge also the importance of the regional and sub-regional dimensions, regional economic integration and interconnectivity in sustainable development.
Regional and sub-regional frameworks can facilitate the effective translation of sustainable development policies into concrete action at national level.
22. Each country faces specific challenges in its pursuit of sustainable development.
The most vulnerable countries and, in particular, African countries, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing states deserve special attention, as do countries in situations of conflict and post-conflict countries.
There are also serious challenges within many middle-income countries.
23. People who are vulnerable must be empowered.
Those whose needs are reflected in the Agenda include all children, youth, persons with disabilities (of whom more than 80% live in poverty), people living with HIV/AIDS, older persons, indigenous peoples, refugees and internally displaced persons and migrants.
We resolve to take further effective measures and actions, in conformity with international law, to remove obstacles and constraints, strengthen support and meet the special needs of people living in areas affected by complex humanitarian emergencies and in areas affected by terrorism.
24. We are committed to ending poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including by eradicating extreme poverty by 2030.
All people must enjoy a basic standard of living, including through social protection systems.
We are also determined to end hunger and to achieve food security as a matter of priority and to end all forms of malnutrition.
In this regard, we reaffirm the important role and inclusive nature of the Committee on World Food Security and welcome the Rome Declaration on Nutrition and Framework for Action.
We will devote resources to developing rural areas and sustainable agriculture and fisheries, supporting smallholder farmers, especially women farmers, herders and fishers in developing countries, particularly least developed countries.
25. We commit to providing inclusive and equitable quality education at all levels – early childhood, primary, secondary, tertiary, technical and vocational training.
All people, irrespective of sex, age, race, ethnicity, and persons with disabilities, migrants, indigenous peoples, children and youth, especially those in vulnerable situations, should have access to life-long learning opportunities that help them acquire the knowledge and skills needed to exploit opportunities and to participate fully in society.
We will strive to provide children and youth with a nurturing environment for the full realization of their rights and capabilities, helping our countries to reap the demographic dividend including through safe schools and cohesive communities and families.
26. To promote physical and mental health and well-being, and to extend life expectancy for all, we must achieve universal health coverage and access to quality health care.
No one must be left behind.
We commit to accelerating the progress made to date in reducing newborn, child and maternal mortality by ending all such preventable deaths before 2030.
We are committed to ensuring universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning, information and education.
We will equally accelerate the pace of progress made in fighting malaria, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, hepatitis, Ebola and other communicable diseases and epidemics, including by addressing growing anti-microbial resistance and the problem of unattended diseases affecting developing countries.
We are committed to the prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases, including behavioural, developmental and neurological disorders, which constitute a major challenge for sustainable development.
27. We will seek to build strong economic foundations for all our countries.
Sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth is essential for prosperity.
This will only be possible if wealth is shared and income inequality is addressed.
We will work to build dynamic, sustainable, innovative and people-centred economies, promoting youth employment and women’s economic empowerment, in particular, and decent work for all.
We will eradicate forced labour and human trafficking and end child labour in all its forms.
All countries stand to benefit from having a healthy and well-educated workforce with the knowledge and skills needed for productive and fulfilling work and full participation in society.
We will strengthen the productive capacities of least-developed countries in all sectors, including through structural transformation.
We will adopt policies which increase productive capacities, productivity and productive employment; financial inclusion; sustainable agriculture, pastoralist and fisheries development; sustainable industrial development; universal access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy services; sustainable transport systems; and quality and resilient infrastructure.
28. We commit to making fundamental changes in the way that our societies produce and consume goods and services.
Governments, international organizations, the business sector and other non-state actors and individuals must contribute to changing unsustainable consumption and production patterns, including through the mobilization, from all sources, of financial and technical assistance to strengthen developing countries’ scientific, technological and innovative capacities to move towards more sustainable patterns of consumption and production.
We encourage the implementation of the 10-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production.
All countries take action, with developed countries taking the lead, taking into account the development and capabilities of developing countries.
29. We recognize the positive contribution of migrants for inclusive growth and sustainable development.
We also recognize that international migration is a multi-dimensional reality of major relevance for the development of countries of origin, transit and destination, which requires coherent and comprehensive responses.
We will cooperate internationally to ensure safe, orderly and regular migration involving full respect for human rights and the humane treatment of migrants regardless of migration status, of refugees and of displaced persons.
Such cooperation should also strengthen the resilience of communities hosting refugees, particularly in developing countries.
We underline the right of migrants to return to their country of citizenship, and recall that States must ensure that their returning nationals are duly received.
30. States are strongly urged to refrain from promulgating and applying any unilateral economic, financial or trade measures not in accordance with international law and the Charter of the United Nations that impede the full achievement of economic and social development, particularly in developing countries.
31. We acknowledge that the UNFCCC is the primary international, intergovernmental forum for negotiating the global response to climate change.
We are determined to address decisively the threat posed by climate change and environmental degradation.
The global nature of climate change calls for the widest possible international cooperation aimed at accelerating the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions and addressing adaptation to the adverse impacts of climate change.
We note with grave concern the significant gap between the aggregate effect of Parties’ mitigation pledges in terms of global annual emissions of greenhouse gases by 2020 and aggregate emission pathways consistent with having a likely chance of holding the increase in global average temperature below 2 °C or 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels.
32. Looking ahead to the COP21 conference in Paris in December, we underscore the commitment of all States to work for an ambitious and universal climate agreement.
We reaffirm that the protocol, another legal instrument or agreed outcome with legal force under the Convention applicable to all Parties shall address in a balanced manner, inter alia, mitigation, adaptation, finance, technology development and transfer, and capacity-building, and transparency of action and support.
33. We recognise that social and economic development depends on the sustainable management of our planet’s natural resources.
We are therefore determined to conserve and sustainably use oceans and seas, freshwater resources, as well as forests, mountains and drylands and to protect biodiversity, ecosystems and wildlife.
We are also determined to promote sustainable tourism, tackle water scarcity and water pollution, to strengthen cooperation on desertification, dust storms, land degradation and drought and to promote resilience and disaster risk reduction.
In this regard, we look forward to COP13 of the Convention on Biological Diversity to be held in Mexico in 2016.
34. We recognize that sustainable urban development and management are crucial to the quality of life of our people.
We will work with local authorities and communities to renew and plan our cities and human settlements so as to foster community cohesion and personal security and to stimulate innovation and employment.
We will reduce the negative impacts of urban activities and of chemicals which are hazardous for human health and the environment, including through the environmentally sound management and safe use of chemicals, the reduction and recycling of waste and more efficient use of water and energy.
And we will work to minimize the impact of cities on the global climate system.
We will also take account of population trends and projections in our national, rural and urban development strategies and policies.
We look forward to the upcoming United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development in Quito, Ecuador.
35. Sustainable development cannot be realized without peace and security; and peace and security will be at risk without sustainable development.
The new Agenda recognizes the need to build peaceful, just and inclusive societies that provide equal access to justice and that are based on respect for human rights (including the right to development), on effective rule of law and good governance at all levels and on transparent, effective and accountable institutions.
Factors which give rise to violence, insecurity and injustice, such as inequality, corruption, poor governance and illicit financial and arms flows, are addressed in the Agenda.
We must redouble our efforts to resolve or prevent conflict and to support post-conflict countries, including through ensuring that women have a role in peace-building and state-building.
We call for further effective measures and actions to be taken, in conformity with international law, to remove the obstacles to the full realization of the right of self-determination of peoples living under colonial and foreign occupation, which continue to adversely affect their economic and social development as well as their environment.
36. We pledge to foster inter-cultural understanding, tolerance, mutual respect and an ethic of global citizenship and shared responsibility.
We acknowledge the natural and cultural diversity of the world and recognize that all cultures and civilizations can contribute to, and are crucial enablers of, sustainable development.
37. Sport is also an important enabler of sustainable development.
We recognize the growing contribution of sport to the realization of development and peace in its promotion of tolerance and respect and the contributions it makes to the empowerment of women and of young people, individuals and communities as well as to health, education and social inclusion objectives.
38. We reaffirm, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, the need to respect the territorial integrity and political independence of States.
39. The scale and ambition of the new Agenda requires a revitalized Global Partnership to ensure its implementation.
We fully commit to this.
This Partnership will work in a spirit of global solidarity, in particular solidarity with the poorest and with people in vulnerable situations.
It will facilitate an intensive global engagement in support of implementation of all the Goals and targets, bringing together Governments, the private sector, civil society, the United Nations system and other actors and mobilizing all available resources.
40. The means of implementation targets under Goal 17 and under each SDG are key to realising our Agenda and are of equal importance with the other Goals and targets.
The Agenda, including the SDGs, can be met within the framework of a revitalized global partnership for sustainable development, supported by the concrete policies and actions as outlined in the outcome document of the Third International Conference on Financing for Development, held in Addis Ababa from 13-16 July 2015.
We welcome the endorsement by the General Assembly of the Addis Ababa Action Agenda, which is an integral part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
We recognize that the full implementation of the Addis Ababa Action Agenda is critical for the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals and targets.
41. We recognize that each country has primary responsibility for its own economic and social development.
The new Agenda deals with the means required for implementation of the Goals and targets.
We recognize that these will include the mobilization of financial resources as well as capacity-building and the transfer of environmentally sound technologies to developing countries on favourable terms, including on concessional and preferential terms, as mutually agreed.
Public finance, both domestic and international, will play a vital role in providing essential services and public goods and in catalyzing other sources of finance.
We acknowledge the role of the diverse private sector, ranging from micro-enterprises to cooperatives to multinationals, and that of civil society organizations and philanthropic organizations in the implementation of the new Agenda.
42. We support the implementation of relevant strategies and programmes of action, including the Istanbul Declaration and Programme of Action, the SIDS Accelerated Modalities of Action (SAMOA) Pathway, the Vienna Programme of Action for Landlocked Developing Countries for the Decade 2014-2024, and reaffirm the importance of supporting the African Union’s Agenda 2063 and the programme of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD), all of which are integral to the new Agenda.
We recognize the major challenge to the achievement of durable peace and sustainable development in countries in conflict and post-conflict situations.
43. We emphasize that international public finance plays an important role in complementing the efforts of countries to mobilize public resources domestically, especially in the poorest and most vulnerable countries with limited domestic resources.
An important use of international public finance, including ODA, is to catalyse additional resource mobilization from other sources, public and private.
ODA providers reaffirm their respective commitments, including the commitment by many developed countries to achieve the target of 0.7% of ODA/GNI to developing countries and 0.15% to 0.2% of ODA/GNI to least developed countries.
44. We acknowledge the importance for international financial institutions to support, in line with their mandates, the policy space of each country, in particular developing countries.
We recommit to broadening and strengthening the voice and participation of developing countries – including African countries, least developed countries, land-locked developing countries, small-island developing States and middle-income countries – in international economic decision-making, norm-setting and global economic governance.
45. We acknowledge also the essential role of national parliaments through their enactment of legislation and adoption of budgets and their role in ensuring accountability for the effective implementation of our commitments.
Governments and public institutions will also work closely on implementation with regional and local authorities, sub-regional institutions, international institutions, academia, philanthropic organisations, volunteer groups and others.
46. We underline the important role and comparative advantage of an adequately resourced, relevant, coherent, efficient and effective UN system in supporting the achievement of the SDGs and sustainable development.
While stressing the importance of strengthened national ownership and leadership at country level, we express our support for the ongoing ECOSOC Dialogue on the longer-term positioning of the United Nations development system in the context of this Agenda.
47. Our Governments have the primary responsibility for follow-up and review, at the national, regional and global levels, in relation to the progress made in implementing the Goals and targets over the coming fifteen years.
To support accountability to our citizens, we will provide for systematic follow-up and review at the various levels, as set out in this Agenda and the Addis Ababa Action Agenda.
The High Level Political Forum under the auspices of the General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council will have the central role in overseeing follow-up and review at the global level.
48. Indicators are being developed to assist this work.
Quality, accessible, timely and reliable disaggregated data will be needed to help with the measurement of progress and to ensure that no one is left behind.
Such data is key to decision-making.
Data and information from existing reporting mechanisms should be used where possible.
We agree to intensify our efforts to strengthen statistical capacities in developing countries, particularly African countries, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries, small island developing States and middle-income countries.
We are committed to developing broader measures of progress to complement gross domestic product (GDP).
49. Seventy years ago, an earlier generation of world leaders came together to create the United Nations.
From the ashes of war and division they fashioned this Organization and the values of peace, dialogue and international cooperation which underpin it.
The supreme embodiment of those values is the Charter of the United Nations.
50. Today we are also taking a decision of great historic significance.
We resolve to build a better future for all people, including the millions who have been denied the chance to lead decent, dignified and rewarding lives and to achieve their full human potential.
We can be the first generation to succeed in ending poverty; just as we may be the last to have a chance of saving the planet.
The world will be a better place in 2030 if we succeed in our objectives.
51. What we are announcing today – an Agenda for global action for the next fifteen years – is a charter for people and planet in the twenty-first century.
Children and young women and men are critical agents of change and will find in the new Goals a platform to channel their infinite capacities for activism into the creation of a better world.
52. "We the Peoples" are the celebrated opening words of the UN Charter.
It is "We the Peoples" who are embarking today on the road to 2030.
Our journey will involve Governments as well as Parliaments, the UN system and other international institutions, local authorities, indigenous peoples, civil society, business and the private sector, the scientific and academic community – and all people.
Millions have already engaged with, and will own, this Agenda.
It is an Agenda of the people, by the people, and for the people – and this, we believe, will ensure its success.
53. The future of humanity and of our planet lies in our hands.
It lies also in the hands of today’s younger generation who will pass the torch to future generations.
We have mapped the road to sustainable development; it will be for all of us to ensure that the journey is successful and its gains irreversible.
54. Following an inclusive process of intergovernmental negotiations, and based on the Proposal of the Open Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals, which includes a chapeau contextualising the latter, the following are the Goals and targets which we have agreed.
55. The SDGs and targets are integrated and indivisible, global in nature and universally applicable, taking into account different national realities, capacities and levels of development and respecting national policies and priorities.
Targets are defined as aspirational and global, with each government setting its own national targets guided by the global level of ambition but taking into account national circumstances.
Each government will also decide how these aspirational and global targets should be incorporated in national planning processes, policies and strategies.
It is important to recognize the link between sustainable development and other relevant ongoing processes in the economic, social and environmental fields.
56. In deciding upon these Goals and targets, we recognise that each country faces specific challenges to achieve sustainable development, and we underscore the special challenges facing the most vulnerable countries and, in particular, African countries, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States, as well as the specific challenges facing the middle-income countries.
Countries in situations of conflict also need special attention.
57. We recognize that baseline data for several of the targets remain unavailable, and we call for increased support for strengthening data collection and capacity building in Member States, to develop national and global baselines where they do not yet exist.
We commit to addressing this gap in data collection so as to better inform the measurement of progress, in particular for those targets below which do not have clear numerical targets.
58. We encourage ongoing efforts by states in other fora to address key issues which pose potential challenges to the implementation of our Agenda; and we respect the independent mandates of those processes.
We intend that the Agenda and its implementation would support, and be without prejudice to, those other processes and the decisions taken therein.
59. We recognise that there are different approaches, visions, models and tools available to each country, in accordance with its national circumstances and priorities, to achieve sustainable development; and we reaffirm that planet Earth and its ecosystems are our common home and that ‘Mother Earth’ is a common expression in a number of countries and regions.
* Acknowledging that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is the primary international, intergovernmental forum for negotiating the global response to climate change.
1.1 By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day
1.2 By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions
1.3 Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable
1.4 By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance
1.5 By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters
1.a Ensure significant mobilization of resources from a variety of sources, including through enhanced development cooperation, in order to provide adequate and predictable means for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, to implement programmes and policies to end poverty in all its dimensions
1.b Create sound policy frameworks at the national, regional and international levels, based on pro-poor and gender-sensitive development strategies, to support accelerated investment in poverty eradication actions
2.1 By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round
2.2 By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and older persons
2.3 By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, in particular women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, including through secure and equal access to land, other productive resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities for value addition and non-farm employment
2.4 By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality
2.5 By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly managed and diversified seed and plant banks at the national, regional and international levels, and promote access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, as internationally agreed
2.a Increase investment, including through enhanced international cooperation, in rural infrastructure, agricultural research and extension services, technology development and plant and livestock gene banks in order to enhance agricultural productive capacity in developing countries, in particular least developed countries
2.b Correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions in world agricultural markets, including through the parallel elimination of all forms of agricultural export subsidies and all export measures with equivalent effect, in accordance with the mandate of the Doha Development Round
2.c Adopt measures to ensure the proper functioning of food commodity markets and their derivatives and facilitate timely access to market information, including on food reserves, in order to help limit extreme food price volatility
3.1 By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births
3.2 By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births
3.3 By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases
3.4 By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being
3.5 Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol
3.6 By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents
3.7 By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programmes
3.8 Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all
3.9 By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination
3.a Strengthen the implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in all countries, as appropriate
3.b Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for the communicable and non-communicable diseases that primarily affect developing countries, provide access to affordable essential medicines and vaccines, in accordance with the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, which affirms the right of developing countries to use to the full the provisions in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights regarding flexibilities to protect public health, and, in particular, provide access to medicines for all
3.c Substantially increase health financing and the recruitment, development, training and retention of the health workforce in developing countries, especially in least developed countries and small island developing States
3.d Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risks
4.1 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes
4.2 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and pre-primary education so that they are ready for primary education
4.3 By 2030, ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education, including university
4.4 By 2030, substantially increase the number of youth and adults who have relevant skills, including technical and vocational skills, for employment, decent jobs and entrepreneurship
4.5 By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to all levels of education and vocational training for the vulnerable, including persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples and children in vulnerable situations
4.6 By 2030, ensure that all youth and a substantial proportion of adults, both men and women, achieve literacy and numeracy
4.7 By 2030, ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development, including, among others, through education for sustainable development and sustainable lifestyles, human rights, gender equality, promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence, global citizenship and appreciation of cultural diversity and of culture’s contribution to sustainable development
4.a Build and upgrade education facilities that are child, disability and gender sensitive and provide safe, non-violent, inclusive and effective learning environments for all
4.b By 2020, substantially expand globally the number of scholarships available to developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing States and African countries, for enrolment in higher education, including vocational training and information and communications technology, technical, engineering and scientific programmes, in developed countries and other developing countries
4.c By 2030, substantially increase the supply of qualified teachers, including through international cooperation for teacher training in developing countries, especially least developed countries and small island developing States
5.1 End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere
5.2 Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation
5.3 Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation
5.4 Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructure and social protection policies and the promotion of shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally appropriate
5.5 Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life
5.6 Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights as agreed in accordance with the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development and the Beijing Platform for Action and the outcome documents of their review conferences
5.a Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to ownership and control over land and other forms of property, financial services, inheritance and natural resources, in accordance with national laws
5.b Enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications technology, to promote the empowerment of women
5.c Adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable legislation for the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls at all levels
6.1 By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all
6.2 By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations
6.3 By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally
6.4 By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity
6.5 By 2030, implement integrated water resources management at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate
6.6 By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes
6.a By 2030, expand international cooperation and capacity-building support to developing countries in water- and sanitation-related activities and programmes, including water harvesting, desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse technologies
6.b Support and strengthen the participation of local communities in improving water and sanitation management
7.1 By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services
7.2 By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix
7.3 By 2030, double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency
7.a By 2030, enhance international cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy research and technology, including renewable energy, energy efficiency and advanced and cleaner fossil-fuel technology, and promote investment in energy infrastructure and clean energy technology
7.b By 2030, expand infrastructure and upgrade technology for supplying modern and sustainable energy services for all in developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing States, and land-locked developing countries, in accordance with their respective programmes of support
8.1 Sustain per capita economic growth in accordance with national circumstances and, in particular, at least 7 per cent gross domestic product growth per annum in the least developed countries
8.2 Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological upgrading and innovation, including through a focus on high-value added and labour-intensive sectors
8.3 Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and encourage the formalization and growth of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, including through access to financial services
8.4 Improve progressively, through 2030, global resource efficiency in consumption and production and endeavour to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation, in accordance with the 10-year framework of programmes on sustainable consumption and production, with developed countries taking the lead
8.5 By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value
8.6 By 2020, substantially reduce the proportion of youth not in employment, education or training
8.7 Take immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end child labour in all its forms
8.8 Protect labour rights and promote safe and secure working environments for all workers, including migrant workers, in particular women migrants, and those in precarious employment
8.9 By 2030, devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products
8.10 Strengthen the capacity of domestic financial institutions to encourage and expand access to banking, insurance and financial services for all
8.a Increase Aid for Trade support for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, including through the Enhanced Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance to Least Developed Countries
8.b By 2020, develop and operationalize a global strategy for youth employment and implement the Global Jobs Pact of the International Labour Organization
9.1 Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and transborder infrastructure, to support economic development and human well-being, with a focus on affordable and equitable access for all
9.2 Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and, by 2030, significantly raise industry’s share of employment and gross domestic product, in line with national circumstances, and double its share in least developed countries
9.3 Increase the access of small-scale industrial and other enterprises, in particular in developing countries, to financial services, including affordable credit, and their integration into value chains and markets
9.4 By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities
9.5 Enhance scientific research, upgrade the technological capabilities of industrial sectors in all countries, in particular developing countries, including, by 2030, encouraging innovation and substantially increasing the number of research and development workers per 1 million people and public and private research and development spending
9.a Facilitate sustainable and resilient infrastructure development in developing countries through enhanced financial, technological and technical support to African countries, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States
9.b Support domestic technology development, research and innovation in developing countries, including by ensuring a conducive policy environment for, inter alia, industrial diversification and value addition to commodities
9.c Significantly increase access to information and communications technology and strive to provide universal and affordable access to the Internet in least developed countries by 2020
10.1 By 2030, progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40 per cent of the population at a rate higher than the national average
10.2 By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status
10.3 Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome, including by eliminating discriminatory laws, policies and practices and promoting appropriate legislation, policies and action in this regard
10.4 Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equality
10.5 Improve the regulation and monitoring of global financial markets and institutions and strengthen the implementation of such regulations
10.6 Ensure enhanced representation and voice for developing countries in decision-making in global international economic and financial institutions in order to deliver more effective, credible, accountable and legitimate institutions
10.7 Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through the implementation of planned and well-managed migration policies
10.a Implement the principle of special and differential treatment for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, in accordance with World Trade Organization agreements
10.b Encourage official development assistance and financial flows, including foreign direct investment, to States where the need is greatest, in particular least developed countries, African countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their national plans and programmes
10.c By 2030, reduce to less than 3 per cent the transaction costs of migrant remittances and eliminate remittance corridors with costs higher than 5 per cent
11.1 By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums
11.2 By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons
11.3 By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countries
11.4 Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage
11.5 By 2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and substantially decrease the direct economic losses relative to global gross domestic product caused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations
11.6 By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management
11.7 By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities
11.a Support positive economic, social and environmental links between urban, peri-urban and rural areas by strengthening national and regional development planning
11.b By 2020, substantially increase the number of cities and human settlements adopting and implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters, and develop and implement, in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, holistic disaster risk management at all levels
11.c Support least developed countries, including through financial and technical assistance, in building sustainable and resilient buildings utilizing local materials
12.1 Implement the 10-year framework of programmes on sustainable consumption and production, all countries taking action, with developed countries taking the lead, taking into account the development and capabilities of developing countries
12.2 By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources
12.3 By 2030, halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses
12.4 By 2020, achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle, in accordance with agreed international frameworks, and significantly reduce their release to air, water and soil in order to minimize their adverse impacts on human health and the environment
12.5 By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse
12.6 Encourage companies, especially large and transnational companies, to adopt sustainable practices and to integrate sustainability information into their reporting cycle
12.7 Promote public procurement practices that are sustainable, in accordance with national policies and priorities
12.8 By 2030, ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature
12.a Support developing countries to strengthen their scientific and technological capacity to move towards more sustainable patterns of consumption and production
12.b Develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts for sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products
12.c Rationalize inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption by removing market distortions, in accordance with national circumstances, including by restructuring taxation and phasing out those harmful subsidies, where they exist, to reflect their environmental impacts, taking fully into account the specific needs and conditions of developing countries and minimizing the possible adverse impacts on their development in a manner that protects the poor and the affected communities
13.1 Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries
13.2 Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning
13.3 Improve education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning
13.a Implement the commitment undertaken by developed-country parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to a goal of mobilizing jointly $100 billion annually by 2020 from all sources to address the needs of developing countries in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation and fully operationalize the Green Climate Fund through its capitalization as soon as possible
13.b Promote mechanisms for raising capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management in least developed countries and small island developing States, including focusing on women, youth and local and marginalized communities
* Acknowledging that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is the primary international, intergovernmental forum for negotiating the global response to climate change.
14.1 By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution
14.2 By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans
14.3 Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels
14.4 By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics
14.5 By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information
14.6 By 2020, prohibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies which contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and refrain from introducing new such subsidies, recognizing that appropriate and effective special and differential treatment for developing and least developed countries should be an integral part of the World Trade Organization fisheries subsidies negotiation
14.7 By 2030, increase the economic benefits to Small Island developing States and least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism
14.a Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology, taking into account the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular small island developing States and least developed countries
14.b Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets
14.c Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by implementing international law as reflected in UNCLOS, which provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources, as recalled in paragraph 158 of The Future We Want
15.1 By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements
15.2 By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally
15.3 By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world
15.4 By 2030, ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity, in order to enhance their capacity to provide benefits that are essential for sustainable development
15.5 Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species
15.6 Promote fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and promote appropriate access to such resources, as internationally agreed
15.7 Take urgent action to end poaching and trafficking of protected species of flora and fauna and address both demand and supply of illegal wildlife products
15.8 By 2020, introduce measures to prevent the introduction and significantly reduce the impact of invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems and control or eradicate the priority species
15.9 By 2020, integrate ecosystem and biodiversity values into national and local planning, development processes, poverty reduction strategies and accounts
15.a Mobilize and significantly increase financial resources from all sources to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity and ecosystems
15.b Mobilize significant resources from all sources and at all levels to finance sustainable forest management and provide adequate incentives to developing countries to advance such management, including for conservation and reforestation
15.c Enhance global support for efforts to combat poaching and trafficking of protected species, including by increasing the capacity of local communities to pursue sustainable livelihood opportunities
16.1 Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere
16.2 End abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence against and torture of children
16.3 Promote the rule of law at the national and international levels and ensure equal access to justice for all
16.4 By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime
16.5 Substantially reduce corruption and bribery in all their forms
16.6 Develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions at all levels
16.7 Ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels
16.8 Broaden and strengthen the participation of developing countries in the institutions of global governance
16.9 By 2030, provide legal identity for all, including birth registration
16.10 Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms, in accordance with national legislation and international agreements
16.a Strengthen relevant national institutions, including through international cooperation, for building capacity at all levels, in particular in developing countries, to prevent violence and combat terrorism and crime
16.b Promote and enforce non-discriminatory laws and policies for sustainable development
17.1 Strengthen domestic resource mobilization, including through international support to developing countries, to improve domestic capacity for tax and other revenue collection
17.2 Developed countries to implement fully their official development assistance commitments, including the commitment by many developed countries to achieve the target of 0.7 per cent of ODA/GNI to developing countries and 0.15 to 0.20 per cent of ODA/GNI to least developed countries; ODA providers are encouraged to consider setting a target to provide at least 0.20 per cent of ODA/GNI to least developed countries
17.3 Mobilize additional financial resources for developing countries from multiple sources
17.4 Assist developing countries in attaining long-term debt sustainability through coordinated policies aimed at fostering debt financing, debt relief and debt restructuring, as appropriate, and address the external debt of highly indebted poor countries to reduce debt distress
17.5 Adopt and implement investment promotion regimes for least developed countries
17.6 Enhance North-South, South-South and triangular regional and international cooperation on and access to science, technology and innovation and enhance knowledge sharing on mutually agreed terms, including through improved coordination among existing mechanisms, in particular at the United Nations level, and through a global technology facilitation mechanism
17.7 Promote the development, transfer, dissemination and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies to developing countries on favourable terms, including on concessional and preferential terms, as mutually agreed
17.8 Fully operationalize the technology bank and science, technology and innovation capacity-building mechanism for least developed countries by 2017 and enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications technology
17.9 Enhance international support for implementing effective and targeted capacity-building in developing countries to support national plans to implement all the sustainable development goals, including through North-South, South-South and triangular cooperation
17.10 Promote a universal, rules-based, open, non-discriminatory and equitable multilateral trading system under the World Trade Organization, including through the conclusion of negotiations under its Doha Development Agenda
17.11 Significantly increase the exports of developing countries, in particular with a view to doubling the least developed countries’ share of global exports by 2020
17.12 Realize timely implementation of duty-free and quota-free market access on a lasting basis for all least developed countries, consistent with World Trade Organization decisions, including by ensuring that preferential rules of origin applicable to imports from least developed countries are transparent and simple, and contribute to facilitating market access
Policy and institutional coherence
17.13 Enhance global macroeconomic stability, including through policy coordination and policy coherence
17.14 Enhance policy coherence for sustainable development
17.15 Respect each country’s policy space and leadership to establish and implement policies for poverty eradication and sustainable development
Multi-stakeholder partnerships
17.16 Enhance the global partnership for sustainable development, complemented by multi-stakeholder partnerships that mobilize and share knowledge, expertise, technology and financial resources, to support the achievement of the sustainable development goals in all countries, in particular developing countries
17.17 Encourage and promote effective public, public-private and civil society partnerships, building on the experience and resourcing strategies of partnerships
Data, monitoring and accountability
17.18 By 2020, enhance capacity-building support to developing countries, including for least developed countries and small island developing States, to increase significantly the availability of high-quality, timely and reliable data disaggregated by income, gender, age, race, ethnicity, migratory status, disability, geographic location and other characteristics relevant in national contexts
17.19 By 2030, build on existing initiatives to develop measurements of progress on sustainable development that complement gross domestic product, and support statistical capacity-building in developing countries
60. We reaffirm our strong commitment to the full implementation of this new Agenda.
We recognize that we will not be able to achieve our ambitious Goals and targets without a revitalized and enhanced Global Partnership and comparably ambitious means of implementation.
The revitalized Global Partnership will facilitate an intensive global engagement in support of implementation of all the goals and targets, bringing together Governments, civil society, the private sector, the United Nations system and other actors and mobilizing all available resources.
61. The Agenda’s Goals and targets deal with the means required to realise our collective ambitions.
The means of implementation targets under each SDG and Goal 17, which are referred to above, are key to realising our Agenda and are of equal importance with the other Goals and targets.
We shall accord them equal priority in our implementation efforts and in the global indicator framework for monitoring our progress.
62. This Agenda, including the SDGs, can be met within the framework of a revitalized global partnership for sustainable development, supported by the concrete policies and actions outlined in the Addis Ababa Action Agenda , which is an integral part of the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development.
The Addis Ababa Action Agenda supports, complements and helps contextualize the 2030 Agenda’s means of implementation targets.
These relate to domestic public resources, domestic and international private business and finance, international development cooperation, international trade as an engine for development, debt and debt sustainability, addressing systemic issues and science, technology, innovation and capacity-building, and data, monitoring and follow-up.
63. Cohesive nationally owned sustainable development strategies, supported by integrated national financing frameworks, will be at the heart of our efforts.
We reiterate that each country has primary responsibility for its own economic and social development and that the role of national policies and development strategies cannot be overemphasized.
We will respect each country’s policy space and leadership to implement policies for poverty eradication and sustainable development, while remaining consistent with relevant international rules and commitments.
At the same time, national development efforts need to be supported by an enabling international economic environment, including coherent and mutually supporting world trade, monetary and financial systems, and strengthened and enhanced global economic governance.
Processes to develop and facilitate the availability of appropriate knowledge and technologies globally, as well as capacity-building, are also critical.
We commit to pursuing policy coherence and an enabling environment for sustainable development at all levels and by all actors, and to reinvigorating the global partnership for sustainable development.
64. We support the implementation of relevant strategies and programmes of action, including the Istanbul Declaration and Programme of Action, the SIDS Accelerated Modalities of Action (SAMOA) Pathway, the Vienna Programme of Action for Landlocked Developing Countries for the Decade 2014-2024, and reaffirm the importance of supporting the African Union’s Agenda 2063 and the programme of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD), all of which are integral to the new Agenda.
We recognize the major challenge to the achievement of durable peace and sustainable development in countries in conflict and post-conflict situations.
65. We recognize that middle-income countries still face significant challenges to achieve sustainable development.
In order to ensure that achievements made to date are sustained, efforts to address ongoing challenges should be strengthened through the exchange of experiences, improved coordination, and better and focused support of the United Nations Development System, the international financial institutions, regional organizations and other stakeholders.
66. We underscore that, for all countries, public policies and the mobilization and effective use of domestic resources, underscored by the principle of national ownership, are central to our common pursuit of sustainable development, including achieving the sustainable development goals.
We recognize that domestic resources are first and foremost generated by economic growth, supported by an enabling environment at all levels.
67. Private business activity, investment and innovation are major drivers of productivity, inclusive economic growth and job creation.
We acknowledge the diversity of the private sector, ranging from micro-enterprises to cooperatives to multinationals.
We call on all businesses to apply their creativity and innovation to solving sustainable development challenges.
We will foster a dynamic and well-functioning business sector, while protecting labour rights and environmental and health standards in accordance with relevant international standards and agreements and other on-going initiatives in this regard, such as the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and the labour standards of ILO, the Convention on the Rights of the Child and key multilateral environmental agreements, for parties to those agreements.
68. International trade is an engine for inclusive economic growth and poverty reduction, and contributes to the promotion of sustainable development.
We will continue to promote a universal, rules-based, open, transparent, predictable, inclusive, non-discriminatory and equitable multilateral trading system under the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as meaningful trade liberalization.
We call on all WTO members to redouble their efforts to promptly conclude the negotiations on the Doha Development Agenda.
We attach great importance to providing trade-related capacity-building for developing countries, including African countries, least-developed countries, landlocked developing countries, small island developing states and middle-income countries, including for the promotion of regional economic integration and interconnectivity.
69. We recognize the need to assist developing countries in attaining long-term debt sustainability through coordinated policies aimed at fostering debt financing, debt relief, debt restructuring and sound debt management, as appropriate.
Many countries remain vulnerable to debt crises and some are in the midst of crises, including a number of least developed countries, small-island developing States and some developed countries.
We reiterate that debtors and creditors must work together to prevent and resolve unsustainable debt situations.
Maintaining sustainable debt levels is the responsibility of the borrowing countries; however we acknowledge that lenders also have a responsibility to lend in a way that does not undermine a country’s debt sustainability.
We will support the maintenance of debt sustainability of those countries that have received debt relief and achieved sustainable debt levels.
70. We hereby launch a Technology Facilitation Mechanism which was established by the Addis Ababa Action Agenda in order to support the sustainable development goals.
The Technology Facilitation Mechanism will be based on a multi-stakeholder collaboration between Member States, civil society, private sector, scientific community, United Nations entities and other stakeholders and will be composed of: a United Nations Interagency Task Team on Science, Technology and Innovation for the SDGs, a collaborative Multistakeholder Forum on Science, Technology and Innovation for the SDGs and an on-line platform.
• The United Nations Interagency Task Team on Science, Technology and Innovation for the SDGs will promote coordination, coherence, and cooperation within the UN System on STI related matters, enhancing synergy and efficiency, in particular to enhance capacity-building initiatives.
The Task Team will draw on existing resources and will work with 10 representatives from the civil society, private sector, the scientific community, to prepare the meetings of the Multistakeholder Forum on Science, Technology and Innovation for the SDGs, as well as in the development and operationalization of the on-line platform, including preparing proposals for the modalities for the Forum and the on-line platform.
The 10 representatives will be appointed by the Secretary General, for periods of two years.
The Task Team will be open to the participation of all UN agencies, funds and programmes, and ECOSOC functional commissions and it will initially be composed by the entities that currently integrate the informal working group on technology facilitation, namely: UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations Environment Programme, UNIDO, United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization, UNCTAD, International Telecommunication Union, WIPO and the World Bank.
• The on-line platform will be used to establish a comprehensive mapping of, and serve as a gateway for, information on existing STI initiatives, mechanisms and programmes, within and beyond the UN.
The on-line platform will facilitate access to information, knowledge and experience, as well as best practices and lessons learned, on STI facilitation initiatives and policies.
The online platform will also facilitate the dissemination of relevant open access scientific publications generated worldwide.
The on-line platform will be developed on the basis of an independent technical assessment which will take into account best practices and lessons learned from other initiatives, within and beyond the United Nations, in order to ensure that it will complement, facilitate access to and provide adequate information on existing STI platforms, avoiding duplications and enhancing synergies.
• The Multi-stakeholder Forum on Science Technology and Innovation for the SDGs will be convened once a year, for a period of two days, to discuss STI cooperation around thematic areas for the implementation of the SDGs, congregating all relevant stakeholders to actively contribute in their area of expertise.
The Forum will provide a venue for facilitating interaction, matchmaking and the establishment of networks between relevant stakeholders and multi- stakeholder partnerships in order to identify and examine technology needs and gaps, including on scientific cooperation, innovation and capacity building, and also in order to help facilitate development, transfer and dissemination of relevant technologies for the SDGs.
The meetings of the Forum will be convened by the President of the ECOSOC before the meeting of the High Level Political Forum under the auspices of ECOSOC or, alternatively, in conjunction with other fora or conferences, as appropriate, taking into account the theme to be considered and on the basis of a collaboration with the organizers of the other fora or conference.
The meetings of the Forum will be co-chaired by two Member States and will result in a summary of discussions elaborated by the two co-chairs, as an input to the meetings of the High Level Political Forum, in the context of the follow-up and review of the implementation of the Post-2015 Development Agenda.
• The meetings of the HLPF will be informed by the summary of the Multistakeholder Forum.
The themes for the subsequent Multistakeholder Forum on Science Technology and Innovation for the SDGs will be considered by the High Level Political Forum on sustainable development, taking into account expert inputs from the Task Team.
71. We reiterate that this Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals and targets, including the means of implementation are universal, indivisible and interlinked.
72. We commit to engage in systematic follow-up and review of implementation of this Agenda over the next fifteen years.
A robust, voluntary, effective, participatory, transparent and integrated follow-up and review framework will make a vital contribution to implementation and will help countries to maximize and track progress in implementing this Agenda in order to ensure that no one is left behind.
73. Operating at the national, regional and global levels, it will promote accountability to our citizens, support effective international cooperation in achieving this Agenda and foster exchanges of best practices and mutual learning.
It will mobilize support to overcome shared challenges and identify new and emerging issues.
As this is a universal Agenda, mutual trust and understanding among all nations will be important.
74. Follow-up and review processes at all levels will be guided by the following principles:
a. They will be voluntary and country-led, will take into account different national realities, capacities and levels of development and will respect policy space and priorities. As national ownership is key to achieving sustainable development, the outcome from national level processes will be the foundation for reviews at regional and global levels, given that the global review will be primarily based on national official data sources.
b. They will track progress in implementing the universal Goals and targets, including the means of implementation, in all countries in a manner which respects their universal, integrated and interrelated nature and the three dimensions of sustainable development.
c. They will maintain a longer-term orientation, identify achievements, challenges, gaps and critical success factors and support countries in making informed policy choices. They will help mobilize the necessary means of implementation and partnerships, support the identification of solutions and best practices and promote coordination and effectiveness of the international development system.
d. They will be open, inclusive, participatory and transparent for all people and will support the reporting by all relevant stakeholders.
e. They will be people-centred, gender-sensitive, respect human rights and have a particular focus on the poorest, most vulnerable and those furthest behind.
f. They will build on existing platforms and processes, where these exist, avoid duplication and respond to national circumstances, capacities, needs and priorities. They will evolve over time, taking into account emerging issues and the development of new methodologies, and will minimize the reporting burden on national administrations.
g. They will be rigorous and based on evidence, informed by country-led evaluations and data which is high-quality, accessible, timely, reliable and disaggregated by income, sex, age, race, ethnicity, migration status, disability and geographic location and other characteristics relevant in national contexts.
h. They will require enhanced capacity-building support for developing countries, including the strengthening of national data systems and evaluation programs, particularly in African countries, LDCs, SIDS and LLDCs and middle-income countries.
i. They will benefit from the active support of the UN system and other multilateral institutions.
75. The Goals and targets will be followed-up and reviewed using a set of global indicators.
These will be complemented by indicators at the regional and national levels which will be developed by member states, in addition to the outcomes of work undertaken for the development of the baselines for those targets where national and global baseline data does not yet exist.
The global indicator framework, to be developed by the Inter Agency and Expert Group on SDG Indicators, will be agreed by the UN Statistical Commission by March 2016 and adopted thereafter by the Economic and Social Council and the General Assembly, in line with existing mandates.
This framework will be simple yet robust, address all SDGs and targets including for means of implementation, and preserve the political balance, integration and ambition contained therein.
76. We will support developing countries, particularly African countries, LDCs, SIDS and LLDCs, in strengthening the capacity of national statistical offices and data systems to ensure access to high-quality, timely, reliable and disaggregated data.
We will promote transparent and accountable scaling-up of appropriate public-private cooperation to exploit the contribution to be made by a wide range of data, including earth observation and geo-spatial information, while ensuring national ownership in supporting and tracking progress.
77. We commit to fully engage in conducting regular and inclusive reviews of progress at sub-national, national, regional and global levels.
We will draw as far as possible on the existing network of follow-up and review institutions and mechanisms.
National reports will allow assessments of progress and identify challenges at the regional and global level.
Along with regional dialogues and global reviews, they will inform recommendations for follow-up at various levels.
78. We encourage all member states to develop as soon as practicable ambitious national responses to the overall implementation of this Agenda.
These can support the transition to the SDGs and build on existing planning instruments, such as national development and sustainable development strategies, as appropriate.
79. We also encourage member states to conduct regular and inclusive reviews of progress at the national and sub-national levels which are country-led and country-driven.
Such reviews should draw on contributions from indigenous peoples, civil society, the private sector and other stakeholders, in line with national circumstances, policies and priorities.
National parliaments as well as other institutions can also support these processes.
80. Follow-up and review at the regional and sub-regional levels can, as appropriate, provide useful opportunities for peer learning, including through voluntary reviews, sharing of best practices and discussion on shared targets.
We welcome in this respect the cooperation of regional and sub-regional commissions and organizations.
Inclusive regional processes will draw on national-level reviews and contribute to follow-up and review at the global level, including at the High Level Political Forum on sustainable development (HLPF).
81. Recognizing the importance of building on existing follow-up and review mechanisms at the regional level and allowing adequate policy space, we encourage all member states to identify the most suitable regional forum in which to engage.
UN regional commissions are encouraged to continue supporting member states in this regard.
82. The HLPF will have a central role in overseeing a network of follow-up and review processes at the global level, working coherently with the General Assembly, ECOSOC and other relevant organs and forums, in accordance with existing mandates.
It will facilitate sharing of experiences, including successes, challenges and lessons learned, and provide political leadership, guidance and recommendations for follow-up.
It will promote system-wide coherence and coordination of sustainable development policies.
It should ensure that the Agenda remains relevant and ambitious and should focus on the assessment of progress, achievements and challenges faced by developed and developing countries as well as new and emerging issues.
Effective linkages will be made with the follow-up and review arrangements of all relevant UN Conferences and processes, including on LDCs, SIDS and LLDCs.
83. Follow-up and review at the HLPF will be informed by an annual SDG Progress Report to be prepared by the Secretary General in cooperation with the UN System, based on the global indicator framework and data produced by national statistical systems and information collected at the regional level.
The HLPF will also be informed by the Global Sustainable Development Report, which shall strengthen the science-policy interface and could provide a strong evidence-based instrument to support policy-makers in promoting poverty eradication and sustainable development.
We invite the President of ECOSOC to conduct a process of consultations on the scope, methodology and frequency of the Report as well as its relation to the SDG Progress Report, the outcome of which should be reflected in the Ministerial Declaration of the HLPF session in 2016.
84. The HLPF, under the auspices of ECOSOC, shall carry out regular reviews, in line with Resolution 67/290.
Reviews will be voluntary, while encouraging reporting, and include developed and developing countries as well as relevant UN entities and other stakeholders, including civil society and the private sector.
They shall be state-led, involving ministerial and other relevant high-level participants.
They shall provide a platform for partnerships, including through the participation of major groups and other relevant stakeholders.
85. Thematic reviews of progress on the Sustainable Development Goals, including cross-cutting issues, will also take place at the HLPF.
These will be supported by reviews by the ECOSOC functional commissions and other inter-governmental bodies and forums which should reflect the integrated nature of the goals as well as the interlinkages between them.
They will engage all relevant stakeholders and, where possible, feed into, and be aligned with, the cycle of the HLPF.
86. We welcome, as outlined in the Addis Ababa Action Agenda, the dedicated follow-up and review for the Financing for Development outcomes as well as all the means of implementation of the SDGs which is integrated with the follow-up and review framework of this Agenda.
The intergovernmentally agreed conclusions and recommendations of the annual ECOSOC Forum on Financing for Development will be fed into the overall follow-up and review of the implementation of this Agenda in the HLPF.
87. Meeting every four years under the auspices of the General Assembly, the HLPF will provide high-level political guidance on the Agenda and its implementation, identify progress and emerging challenges and mobilize further actions to accelerate implementation.
The next HLPF, under the auspices of the General Assembly, will take place in 2019, with the cycle of meetings thus reset, in order to maximize coherence with the Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review process.
88. We also stress the importance of system-wide strategic planning, implementation and reporting in order to ensure coherent and integrated support to implementation of the new Agenda by the UN development system.
The relevant governing bodies should take action to review such support to implementation and to report on progress and obstacles.
We welcome the ongoing ECOSOC Dialogues on the longer term positioning of the UN development system and look forward to taking action on these issues, as appropriate.
89. The HLPF will support participation in follow-up and review processes by the major groups and other relevant stakeholders in line with Resolution 67/290.
We call on these actors to report on their contribution to the implementation of the Agenda.
90. We request the Secretary General, in consultation with Member States, to prepare a report, for consideration at the 70th session of the General Assembly in preparation for the 2016 meeting of the HLPF, which outlines critical milestones towards coherent efficient, and inclusive follow-up and review at the global level.
This report should include a proposal on the organizational arrangements for state-led reviews at the HLPF under the auspices of ECOSOC, including recommendations on a voluntary common reporting guidelines.
It should clarify institutional responsibilities and provide guidance on annual themes, on a sequence of thematic reviews, and on options for periodic reviews for the HLPF.
91. We reaffirm our unwavering commitment to achieving this Agenda and utilizing it to the full to transform our world for the better by 2030.
description::
* McsEngl.{2000}-Un-Millennium-Development-Goals,
"The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were eight international development goals for the year 2015 that had been established following the Millennium Summit of the United Nations in 2000, following the adoption of the United Nations Millennium Declaration. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) succeeded the MDGs in 2016.
All 191 United Nations member states, and at least 22 international organizations, committed to help achieve the following Millennium Development Goals by 2015:
1. To eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
2. To achieve universal primary education
3. To promote gender equality and empower women
4. To reduce child mortality
5. To improve maternal health
6. To combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
7. To ensure environmental sustainability[1]
8. To develop a global partnership for development[2]"
[{2020-11-19} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millennium_Development_Goals]
name::
* McsEngl.MDGs-(Millennium-Development-Goals),
* McsEngl.Millennium-Development-Goals,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'att009-2015-Millennium-Development-Goals,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'2015-Millennium-Development-Goals,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'goal.2015-Millennium-Development-Goals,
name::
* McsEngl.evoluting-of-ogznUn,
* McsEngl.ogznUn'evoluting,
{2020-11-17}::
=== McsHitp-creation:
· creation of current concept.
name::
* McsEngl.ogznUn'whole-part-tree,
whole-tree-of-ogznUn::
*
* ... Sympan.
name::
* McsEngl.ogznUn'generic-specific-tree,
generic-tree-of-ogznUn::
* international-organization,
* ... entity.
this webpage was-visited times since {2020-11-17}
page-wholepath: synagonism.net / worldviewSngo / dirStn / ogznUn
SEARCH::
· this page uses 'locator-names', names that when you find them, you find the-LOCATION of the-concept they denote.
⊛ GLOBAL-SEARCH:
· clicking on the-green-BAR of a-page you have access to the-global--locator-names of my-site.
· use the-prefix 'ogznUn' for sensorial-concepts related to current concept 'United-Nations'.
⊛ LOCAL-SEARCH:
· TYPE CTRL+F "McsLag4.words-of-concept's-name", to go to the-LOCATION of the-concept.
· a-preview of the-description of a-global-name makes reading fast.
webpage-versions::
• version.last.dynamic: McsStn000018.last.html,
• version.1-0-0.2021-04-12: (0-07) ../../dirMiwMcs/dirStn/filMcsOznUn.1-0-0.2021-04-12.html,
• filMcsOznUn.0-1-0.2020-11-17.last.html: draft creation,