info-resource of Ddeveloper

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-developer'Infrsc,

addressWpg::
* https://www.diem.com/,
* https://developers.libra.org/,
* https://github.com/libra,
* contribution-guide: https://developers.libra.org/docs/community/contributing,
===
* https://community.libra.org/,
* https://developers.libra.org/blog/,
* https://twitter.com/LibraDev,
===
* {2019-06-18} https://developers.libra.org/blog/2019/06/18/the-path-forward,

Ddeveloper.SPECIFIC

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-developer.specific,

specific::
* Marcus.David: co-creator and leader,

DOING of DvLibra

GENERIC of DvLibra

name::
* McsEngl.DvLibra'generic,

generic-tree::
* Dcurrency,
* Lmv--resource-type,

asset of Libra-Reserve

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-reserve'asset,

specific::
* government-backed-currency,
* security,

input of Libra-Reserve

description::
"Where is the money for the reserve coming from? The money in the reserve will come from two sources: investors in the separate Investment Token, and users of Libra. The association will pay out incentives in Libra coin to Founding Members to encourage adoption by users, merchants, and developers. The funds for the coins that will be distributed as incentives will come from a private placement to investors. On the user side, for new Libra coins to be created, there must be an equivalent purchase of Libra for fiat and transfer of that fiat to the reserve. Hence, the reserve will grow as users’ demand for Libra increases. In short, on both the investor and user side, there is only one way to create more Libra — by purchasing more Libra for fiat and growing the reserve."
[https://libra.org/en-US/about-currency-reserve/]

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-reserve'input,

investment of Libra-Reserve

description::
"How will the reserve be invested? Users of Libra do not receive a return from the reserve. The reserve will be invested in low-risk assets that will yield interest over time. The revenue from this interest will first go to support the operating expenses of the association — to fund investments in the growth and development of the ecosystem, grants to nonprofit and multilateral organizations, engineering research, etc. Once that is covered, part of the remaining returns will go to pay dividends to early investors in the Libra Investment Token for their initial contributions. Because the assets in the reserve are low risk and low yield, returns for early investors will only materialize if the network is successful and the reserve grows substantially in size."
[https://libra.org/en-US/about-currency-reserve/]

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-reserve'investment,

storage of Libra-Reserve

description::
"the reserve will be held by a geographically distributed and highly respected global network of custodians with investment-grade credit rating to limit counterparty risk. Safeguarding the assets, providing extremely high auditability and transparency, avoiding the risks of a centralized reserve, and achieving operational efficiency are the key parameters we will follow in custody selection and design."
[https://libra.org/en-US/permissionless-blockchain/#starting_point]

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-reserve'storage,

problem of Libra-Reserve

description::
· DvLibra will-fail when Libra-Reserve-assets will-fail.

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-problem.reserve,
* McsEngl.DnDiem-reserve'problem,

info-resource of Libra-Reserve

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-reserve'Infrsc,

addressWpg::
* https://libra.org/en-US/about-currency-reserve/,
===
* {2019-06-28} https://cointelegraph.com/news/steve-forbes-tells-zuckerberg-use-gold-to-back-libra-call-it-the-mark,

changing-assets of Libra-Reserve

description::
"Changes to the composition of the basket require a supermajority vote by the association."
[https://libra.org/en-US/permissionless-blockchain/#starting_point]

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-reseve'changing,

1. Introduction

Libra’s mission is to enable a simple global currency and financial infrastructure that empowers billions of people.

This document outlines our plans for a new decentralized blockchain, a low-volatility cryptocurrency, and a smart contract platform that together aim to create a new opportunity for responsible financial services innovation.

2. Introducing Libra

The world truly needs a reliable digital currency and infrastructure that together can deliver on the promise of “the internet of money.”

Securing your financial assets on your mobile device should be simple and intuitive.
Moving money around globally should be as easy and cost-effective as — and even more safe and secure than — sending a text message or sharing a photo, no matter where you live, what you do, or how much you earn.
New product innovation and additional entrants to the ecosystem will enable the lowering of barriers to access and cost of capital for everyone and facilitate frictionless payments for more people.

Now is the time to create a new kind of digital currency built on the foundation of blockchain technology.
The mission for Libra is a simple global currency and financial infrastructure that empowers billions of people.
Libra is made up of three parts that will work together to create a more inclusive financial system:
1. It is built on a secure, scalable, and reliable blockchain;
2. It is backed by a reserve of assets designed to give it intrinsic value;
3. It is governed by the independent Libra Association tasked with evolving the ecosystem.

The Libra currency is built on the “Libra Blockchain.”
Because it is intended to address a global audience, the software that implements the Libra Blockchain is open source — designed so that anyone can build on it, and billions of people can depend on it for their financial needs.
Imagine an open, interoperable ecosystem of financial services that developers and organizations will build to help people and businesses hold and transfer Libra for everyday use.
With the proliferation of smartphones and wireless data, increasingly more people will be online and able to access Libra through these new services.
To enable the Libra ecosystem to achieve this vision over time, the blockchain has been built from the ground up to prioritize scalability, security, efficiency in storage and throughput, and future adaptability.
Keep reading for an overview of the Libra Blockchain, or read the technical paper.

The unit of currency is called “Libra.”
Libra will need to be accepted in many places and easy to access for those who want to use it.
In other words, people need to have confidence that they can use Libra and that its value will remain relatively stable over time.
Unlike the majority of cryptocurrencies, Libra is fully backed by a reserve of real assets.
A basket of bank deposits and short-term government securities will be held in the Libra Reserve for every Libra that is created, building trust in its intrinsic value.
The Libra Reserve will be administered with the objective of preserving the value of Libra over time.
Keep reading for an overview of Libra and the reserve, or read more here.

The Libra Association is an independent, not-for-profit membership organization headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.
The association’s purpose is to coordinate and provide a framework for governance for the network and reserve and lead social impact grant-making in support of financial inclusion.
This white paper is a reflection of its mission, vision, and purview.
The association’s membership is formed from the network of validator nodes that operate the Libra Blockchain.

Members of the Libra Association will consist of geographically distributed and diverse businesses, nonprofit and multilateral organizations, and academic institutions.
The initial group of organizations that will work together on finalizing the association’s charter and become “Founding Members” upon its completion are, by industry:
• Payments: Mastercard, PayPal, PayU (Naspers’ fintech arm), Stripe, Visa
• Technology and marketplaces: Booking Holdings, eBay, Facebook/Calibra, Farfetch, Lyft, MercadoPago, Spotify AB, Uber Technologies, Inc.
• Telecommunications: Iliad, Vodafone Group
• Blockchain: Anchorage, Bison Trails, Coinbase, Inc., Xapo Holdings Limited
• Venture Capital: Andreessen Horowitz, Breakthrough Initiatives, Ribbit Capital, Thrive Capital, Union Square Ventures
• Nonprofit and multilateral organizations, and academic institutions: Creative Destruction Lab, Kiva, Mercy Corps, Women’s World Banking

We hope to have approximately 100 members of the Libra Association by the target launch in the first half of 2020.

Facebook teams played a key role in the creation of the Libra Association and the Libra Blockchain, working with the other Founding Members.
While final decision-making authority rests with the association, Facebook is expected to maintain a leadership role through 2019.
Facebook created Calibra, a regulated subsidiary, to ensure separation between social and financial data and to build and operate services on its behalf on top of the Libra network.

Once the Libra network launches, Facebook, and its affiliates, will have the same commitments, privileges, and financial obligations as any other Founding Member.
As one member among many, Facebook’s role in governance of the association will be equal to that of its peers.

Blockchains are described as either permissioned or permissionless in relation to the ability to participate as a validator node.
In a “permissioned blockchain,” access is granted to run a validator node.
In a “permissionless blockchain,” anyone who meets the technical requirements can run a validator node.
In that sense, Libra will start as a permissioned blockchain.

To ensure that Libra is truly open and always operates in the best interest of its users, our ambition is for the Libra network to become permissionless.
The challenge is that as of today we do not believe that there is a proven solution that can deliver the scale, stability, and security needed to support billions of people and transactions across the globe through a permissionless network.
One of the association’s directives will be to work with the community to research and implement this transition, which will begin within five years of the public launch of the Libra Blockchain and ecosystem.

Essential to the spirit of Libra, in both its permissioned and permissionless state, the Libra Blockchain will be open to everyone: any consumer, developer, or business can use the Libra network, build products on top of it, and add value through their services.
Open access ensures low barriers to entry and innovation and encourages healthy competition that benefits consumers.
This is foundational to the goal of building more inclusive financial options for the world.

3. The Libra Blockchain

The goal of the Libra Blockchain is to serve as a solid foundation for financial services, including a new global currency, which could meet the daily financial needs of billions of people.
Through the process of evaluating existing options, we decided to build a new blockchain based on these three requirements:
• Able to scale to billions of accounts, which requires high transaction throughput, low latency, and an efficient, high-capacity storage system.
• Highly secure, to ensure safety of funds and financial data.
• Flexible, so it can power the Libra ecosystem’s governance as well as future innovation in financial services.

The Libra Blockchain is designed from the ground up to holistically address these requirements and build on the learnings from existing projects and research — a combination of innovative approaches and well- understood techniques.
This next section will highlight three decisions regarding the Libra Blockchain:
1. Designing and using the Move programming language.
2. Using a Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) consensus approach.
3. Adopting and iterating on widely adopted blockchain data structures.

“Move” is a new programming language for implementing custom transaction logic and “smart contracts” on the Libra Blockchain.
Because of Libra’s goal to one day serve billions of people, Move is designed with safety and security as the highest priorities.
Move takes insights from security incidents that have happened with smart contracts to date and creates a language that makes it inherently easier to write code that fulfills the author’s intent, thereby lessening the risk of unintended bugs or security incidents.
Specifically, Move is designed to prevent assets from being cloned.
It enables “resource types” that constrain digital assets to the same properties as physical assets: a resource has a single owner, it can only be spent once, and the creation of new resources is restricted.
The Move language also facilitates automatic proofs that transactions satisfy certain properties, such as payment transactions only changing the account balances of the payer and receiver.
By prioritizing these features, Move will help keep the Libra Blockchain secure.
By making the development of critical transaction code easier, Move enables the secure implementation of the Libra ecosystem’s governance policies, such as the management of the Libra currency and the network of validator nodes.
Move will accelerate the evolution of the Libra Blockchain protocol and any financial innovations built on top of it.
We anticipate that the ability for developers to create contracts will be opened up over time in order to support the evolution and validation of Move.

To facilitate agreement among all validator nodes on the transactions to be executed and the order in which they are executed, the Libra Blockchain adopted the BFT approach by using the LibraBFT consensus protocol.
This approach builds trust in the network because BFT consensus protocols are designed to function correctly even if some validator nodes — up to one-third of the network — are compromised or fail.
This class of consensus protocols also enables high transaction throughput, low latency, and a more energy-efficient approach to consensus than “proof of work” used in some other blockchains.

In order to securely store transactions, data on the Libra Blockchain is protected by Merkle trees, a data structure used by other blockchains that enables the detection of any changes to existing data.
Unlike previous blockchains, which view the blockchain as a collection of blocks of transactions, the Libra Blockchain is a single data structure that records the history of transactions and states over time.
This implementation simplifies the work of applications accessing the blockchain, allowing them to read any data from any point in time and verify the integrity of that data using a unified framework.

The Libra Blockchain is pseudonymous and allows users to hold one or more addresses that are not linked to their real-world identity.
This approach is familiar to many users, developers, and regulators.
The Libra Association will oversee the evolution of the Libra Blockchain protocol and network, and it will continue to evaluate new techniques that enhance privacy in the blockchain while considering concerns of practicality, scalability, and regulatory impact.

For more details, read the technical paper on the Libra Blockchain.
Detailed information is also available on the Move programming language and the LibraBFT consensus protocol.
We’ve open sourced an early preview of the Libra testnet, with accompanying documentation.
The testnet is still under development, and APIs are subject to change.
Our commitment is to work in the open with the community and hope you will read, build, and provide feedback.

4. The Libra Currency and Reserve

We believe that the world needs a global, digitally native currency that brings together the attributes of the world’s best currencies: stability, low inflation, wide global acceptance, and fungibility.
The Libra currency is designed to help with these global needs, aiming to expand how money works for more people around the world.

Libra is designed to be a stable digital cryptocurrency that will be fully backed by a reserve of real assets — the Libra Reserve — and supported by a competitive network of exchanges buying and selling Libra.
That means anyone with Libra has a high degree of assurance they can convert their digital currency into local fiat currency based on an exchange rate, just like exchanging one currency for another when traveling.
This approach is similar to how other currencies were introduced in the past: to help instill trust in a new currency and gain widespread adoption during its infancy, it was guaranteed that a country’s notes could be traded in for real assets, such as gold.
Instead of backing Libra with gold, though, it will be backed by a collection of low-volatility assets, such as bank deposits and short-term government securities in currencies from stable and reputable central banks.

It is important to highlight that this means one Libra will not always be able to convert into the same amount of a given local currency (i.e., Libra is not a “peg” to a single currency).
Rather, as the value of the underlying assets moves, the value of one Libra in any local currency may fluctuate.
However, the reserve assets are being chosen to minimize volatility, so holders of Libra can trust the currency’s ability to preserve value over time.
The assets in the Libra Reserve will be held by a geographically distributed network of custodians with investment-grade credit rating to provide both security and decentralization of the assets.

The assets behind Libra are the major difference between it and many existing cryptocurrencies that lack such intrinsic value and hence have prices that fluctuate significantly based on expectations.
Libra is indeed a cryptocurrency, though, and by virtue of that, it inherits several attractive properties of these new digital currencies: the ability to send money quickly, the security of cryptography, and the freedom to easily transmit funds across borders.
Just as people can use their phones to message friends anywhere in the world today, with Libra, the same can be done with money — instantly, securely, and at low cost.

Interest on the reserve assets will be used to cover the costs of the system, ensure low transaction fees, pay dividends to investors who provided capital to jumpstart the ecosystem (read “The Libra Association” here), and support further growth and adoption.
The rules for allocating interest on the reserve will be set in advance and will be overseen by the Libra Association.
Users of Libra do not receive a return from the reserve.

For more on the reserve policy and the details of the Libra currency, please read here.

5. The Libra Association

To make the mission of Libra a reality — a simple global currency and financial infrastructure that empowers billions of people — the Libra Blockchain and Libra Reserve need a governing entity that is comprised of diverse and independent members.
This governing entity is the Libra Association, an independent, not-for-profit membership organization, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.
Switzerland has a history of global neutrality and openness to blockchain technology, and the association strives to be a neutral, international institution, hence the choice to be registered there.
The association is designed to facilitate the operation of the Libra Blockchain; to coordinate the agreement among its stakeholders — the network’s validator nodes — in their pursuit to promote, develop, and expand the network, and to manage the reserve.

The association is governed by the Libra Association Council, which is comprised of one representative per validator node.
Together, they make decisions on the governance of the network and reserve.
Initially, this group consists of the Founding Members: businesses, nonprofit and multilateral organizations, and academic institutions from around the world.
All decisions are brought to the council, and major policy or technical decisions require the consent of two-thirds of the votes, the same supermajority of the network required in the BFT consensus protocol.

Through the association, the validator nodes align on the network’s technical roadmap and development goals.
In that sense, it is similar to other not-for-profit entities, often in the form of foundations, which govern open-source projects.
As Libra relies on a growing distributed community of open-source contributors to further itself, the association is a necessary vehicle to establish guidance as to which protocols or specifications to develop and to adopt.

The Libra Association also serves as the entity through which the Libra Reserve is managed, and hence the stability and growth of the Libra economy are achieved.
The association is the only party able to create (mint) and destroy (burn) Libra.
Coins are only minted when authorized resellers have purchased those coins from the association with fiat assets to fully back the new coins.
Coins are only burned when the authorized resellers sell Libra coin to the association in exchange for the underlying assets.
Since authorized resellers will always be able to sell Libra coins to the reserve at a price equal to the value of the basket, the Libra Reserve acts as a “buyer of last resort.” These activities of the association are governed and constrained by a Reserve Management Policy that can only be changed by a supermajority of the association members.

In these early years of the network, there are additional roles that need to be performed on behalf of the association: the recruitment of Founding Members to serve as validator nodes; the fundraising to jumpstart the ecosystem; the design and implementation of incentive programs to propel the adoption of Libra, including the distribution of such incentives to Founding Members; and the establishment of the association’s social impact grant-making program.

An additional goal of the association is to develop and promote an open identity standard.
We believe that decentralized and portable digital identity is a prerequisite to financial inclusion and competition.

An important objective of the Libra Association is to move toward increasing decentralization over time.
This decentralization ensures that there are low barriers to entry for both building on and using the network and improves the Libra ecosystem’s resilience over the long term.
As discussed above, the association will develop a path toward permissionless governance and consensus on the Libra network.
The association’s objective will be to start this transition within five years, and in so doing will gradually reduce the reliance on the Founding Members.
In the same spirit, the association aspires to minimize the reliance on itself as the administrator of the Libra Reserve.

For more on the Libra Association, please read here.

6. What’s Next for Libra?

Today we are publishing this document outlining our goals for Libra and launching libra.org as a home for the association and all things Libra.
It will continue to be updated over the coming months.
We are also open- sourcing the code for the Libra Blockchain and launching Libra’s initial testnet for developers to experiment with and build upon.

There is much left to do before the target launch in the first half of 2020.

The Libra Blockchain:
Over the coming months, the association will work with the community to gather feedback on theLibra Blockchain prototype and bring it to a production-ready state.
In particular, this work will focus on ensuring the security, performance, and scalability of the protocol and implementation.

• The Libra Association will construct well-documented APIs and libraries to enable users to interact with the Libra Blockchain.
• The Libra Association will create a framework for the collaborative development of the technology behind the Libra Blockchain using the open-source methodology.
Procedures will be created for discussing and reviewing changes to the protocol and software that support the blockchain.
• The association will perform extensive testing of the blockchain, which range from tests of the protocol to constructing a full-scale test of the network in collaboration with entities such as wallet services and exchanges to ensure the system is working before launch.
• The association will work to foster the development of the Move language and determine a path for third parties to create smart contracts once language development has stabilized — after the launch of the Libra ecosystem.

Together with the community, the association will research the technological challenges on the path to a permissionless ecosystem so that we can meet the objective to begin the transition within five years of the launch.

The Reserve:
• The association will work to establish a geographically distributed and regulated group of global institutional custodians for the reserve.
• The association will establish operational procedures for the reserve to interact with authorized resellers and ensure high-transparency and auditability.
• The association will establish policies and procedures that establish how the association can change the composition of the reserve basket.

The Libra Association:
• We will work to grow the Libra Association Council to around 100 geographically distributed and diverse members, all serving as the initial validator nodes of the Libra Blockchain.
• The association will develop and adopt a comprehensive charter and set of bylaws for the association on the basis of the currently proposed governance structure.
• We will recruit a Managing Director for the association and work with her/him to continue hiring for the association’s executive team.
• We will identify social impact partners aligned with our joint mission and will work with them to establish a Social Impact Advisory Board and a social impact program.

7. How to Get Involved

The association envisions a vibrant ecosystem of developers building apps and services to spur the global use of Libra.
The association defines success as enabling any person or business globally to have fair, affordable, and instant access to their money.
For example, success will mean that a person working abroad has a fast and simple way to send money to family back home, and a college student can pay their rent as easily as they can buy a coffee.

Our journey is just beginning, and we are asking the community to help.
If you believe in what Libra could do for billions of people around the world, share your perspective and join in.
Your feedback is needed to make financial inclusion a reality for people everywhere.
• If you are a researcher or protocol developer, an early preview of the Libra testnet is available under the Apache 2.0 Open Source License, with accompanying documentation.
This is just the start of the process, and the testnet is still an early prototype under development, but you can read, build, and provide feedback right away.
Since the current focus is on stabilizing the prototype, the project may initially be slower to take community contributions.
However, we are committed to building a community-oriented development process and opening the platform to developers — starting with pull requests — as soon as possible.
• If you want to learn about the Libra Association, read more here.
• If your organization is interested in becoming a Founding Member or applying for social impact grants from the Libra Association, read more here.

The association will work with the global community in the coming months and continue to partner with policymakers worldwide to further the mission.

8. Conclusion

This is the goal for Libra: A stable currency built on a secure and stable open-source blockchain, backed by a reserve of real assets, and governed by an independent association.

Our hope is to create more access to better, cheaper, and open financial services — no matter who you are, where you live, what you do, or how much you have.
We recognize that the road to delivering this will be long, arduous, and won’t be achieved in isolation — it will take coming together and forming a real movement around this pursuit.
We hope you’ll join us and help turn this dream into a reality for billions of people around the world.

footnotes

[1] Best Buy. “AT&T prepaid Alcatel CAMEOX device purchase.” Bestbuy.com.(Accessed: May 15, 2019). Available: https://www.bestbuy.com/site/at-t-prepaid-alcatel-cameox-4g-lte-with- 16gb-memory-cell-phone-arctic-white/6008102.p?skuId=6008102

[2] A. Demirgüç-Kunt, L. Klapper, D. Singer, S. Ansar, and J. Hess. The Global Findex database 2017: Measuring financial inclusion and the fintech revolution. World Bank Group, 2018. Globalfindex.worldbank.org. Accessed: May 15 2019. Available: https://globalfindex.worldbank.org/sites/globalfindex/ files/2018-04/2017%20Findex%20full%20report_0.pdf

[3] OECD. Mobile phones: Pricing structures and trends. Paris, France: OECD Publishing, 2000, p. 67. Available: https://books.google.com/books?id=p- cP84M_GBeoC&pg=PA6&lpg=PA6&dq=1999+price+SMS+europe&source=bl&ots=TIbwgZWCmj&sig=ACfU3U2Z_yRawxW78qVSVO_wHCtRupoqoA&hl=en&sa=X- &ved=2ahUKEwjOmeG9tMHiAhVVFzQIHU8eBEMQ6AEwD3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=SMS&f=false

[4] Consumer Federation of America. “How payday loans work.” Payday Loan Consumer Information. (Accessed: May 19, 2019). Available: https://paydayloaninfo.org/facts.

[5] A. Demirgüç-Kunt, L. Klapper, D. Singer, S. Ansar, and J. Hess. The Global Findex database 2017: Measuring financial inclusion and the fintech revolution. World Bank Group, 2018. Globalfindex.worldbank.org. Accessed: May 15 2019. Available: https://globalfindex.worldbank.org/sites/globalfindex/ files/2018-04/2017%20Findex%20full%20report_0.pdf

individual-name of Lmv-resource

description::
·

name::
* McsEngl.Lmv-resource'name,

safety of Lmv-resource

description::
"We use the term resource safety to describe the guarantees that Move resources can never be copied, reused, or lost. These guarantees are quite powerful because Move programmers can implement custom resources that also enjoy these protections."

name::
* McsEngl.Lmv-resource'safety,

resource.TYPE

description::
· example: 0x56.Currency.T
· 0x56 is the address where the-Currency-module is stored, Currency is the name of the module, and Currency.T is the name of the resource.
[https://developers.libra.org/docs/assets/papers/the-libra-blockchain.pdf]

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem'resource-type,
* McsEngl.Lmv-resource'type,

resource.CUSTOM

description::
· Move-resources defined by programers.

name::
* McsEngl.Lmv-resource.custom,

individual-name of module

description::
"The module name 0x0.Currency used in the example above contains the account address 0x0 where the module code is published."

name::
* McsEngl.Lmv-module'name,

account of module

description::
· every Move-module is-stored in an-account.

name::
* McsEngl.Lmv-module'account,

struct of module

description::
"A module declares both struct types (including resources, which are a special kind of struct) and procedures."
[https://developers.libra.org/docs/move-overview#move-modules-allow-composable-smart-contracts]

name::
* McsEngl.Lmv-module'struct,

procedure of module

description::
"The procedures of a Move module define the rules for creating, accessing, and destroying the types it declares."
[https://developers.libra.org/docs/move-overview#move-modules-allow-composable-smart-contracts]

name::
* McsEngl.Lmv-module'procedure,

Ircode of module

description::
module Currency {
  resource Coin { value: u64 }
  // ...
}

name::
* McsEngl.Lmv-module'Ircode,

DOING of module

source-language of Lmv

description::
· Move-source-language is the-language that maps Move-archetypes to Move-source-algos which are-translated to Move-bytecode-algos.

name::
* McsEngl.Move-source-language,

intermediate-representation-language of Lmv

description::
· Move-Ir-language is the-language that maps Move-archetypes to Move-Ir-algos which are-translated to Move-bytecode-algos.

name::
* McsEngl.Move-IR-language,
* McsEngl.Move-intermediate-representation-language,

Ircode of Lmv

description::
· Ircode is any part of an-Ircode-algo.

name::
* McsEngl.Lmv-Ircode, /el-muv-aiar-koud/
* McsEngl.Move-IR!⇒Lmv-Ircode,
* McsEngl.Move-intermediate-representation!⇒Lmv-Ircode,

bytecode-language of Lmv

description::
· Move-bytecode-language is the-language that maps Move-archetypes to Move-bytecode-algos.

name::
* McsEngl.Move-bytecode-language,

bytecode of Lmv

description::
· Move-bytecode is any part of a-bytecode-algo.

name::
* McsEngl.Move-bytecode!⇒Lmv-bytcode,
* McsEngl.Lmv'bytecode!⇒Lmv-bytcode,
* McsEngl.Lmv-bytcode,
* McsEngl.bytecode-of-Move!⇒Lmv-bytcode,

virtual-machine of Lmv

description::
"The MoveVM is a stack machine with a static type system."
[https://developers.libra.org/docs/crates/vm]
===
"The Move virtual machine executes transaction scripts written in Move bytecode to produce an execution result. This result is used to update the blockchain state.
The virtual machine is part of a validator node."

name::
* McsEngl.Move-Virtual-Machine!⇒Lmvvm,
* McsEngl.MoveVM!⇒Lmvvm,
* McsEngl.MVM!⇒Lmvvm,
* McsEngl.Lmv'virtual-machine!⇒Lmvvm,
* McsEngl.Lmvvm,

benefit of Lmv

description::
· Dasset--semantic-unit that can-not-be-copied or implicitly discarded.
"The key feature of Move is the ability to define custom resource types with semantics inspired by linearlogic: a resource can never be copied or implicitly discarded, only moved between program storage locations"
[https://developers.libra.org/docs/assets/papers/libra-move-a-language-with-programmable-resources.pdf]

name::
* McsEngl.Lmv-benefit,

problem of Lmv

expressivity of Lmv

description::
"The safety and expressivity of Move have enabled us to implement significant parts of the Libra protocol in Move, including Libra coin, transaction processing, and validator management."
[https://developers.libra.org/docs/assets/papers/libra-move-a-language-with-programmable-resources.pdf]

name::
* McsEngl.Lmv'expressivity,

safty of Lmv

description::
"The safety and expressivity of Move have enabled us to implement significant parts of the Libra protocol in Move, including Libra coin, transaction processing, and validator management."
[https://developers.libra.org/docs/assets/papers/libra-move-a-language-with-programmable-resources.pdf]

name::
* McsEngl.Lmv'safty,

owner of validator-node

description::
·

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-validator'owner,

SMR-module of validator

description::
"We call SMR module the software implementation of a LibraBFT node run by each validator."

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem'SMR-module,
* McsEngl.DnDiem-validator'SMR-module,

Move-vm of validator (link)

validator.LEADER

description::
"LibraBFT belongs to the family of leader-based consensus protocols. In leader-based protocols, validators make progress in rounds, each having a designated validator called a leader. Leaders are responsible for proposing new blocks and obtaining signed votes from the validators on their proposals."
[https://developers.libra.org/docs/assets/papers/libra-consensus-state-machine-replication-in-the-libra-blockchain.pdf]

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem'leader,
* McsEngl.DnDiem-validator.leader,

Merkle-accumulator of Dchain

description::
"The Merkle Accumulator is an append-only Merkle tree that the Libra Blockchain uses to store the ledger.
· Merkle accumulators can provide proofs that a transaction was included in the chain (“proof of inclusion”).
· They are also called history trees in literature."
[https://developers.libra.org/docs/reference/glossary#merkle-accumulator]

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem'Merkle-accumulator,
* McsEngl.DnDiem-chain'Merkle-accumulator,

structure of state

description::
"The Libra protocol uses an account-based data model [16] to encode the ledger state. The state is structured as a key-value store, which maps account address keys to account values. An account value in the ledger state is a collection of published Move resources and modules. The Move resources store data values and modules store code. The initial set of accounts and their state are specified in the genesis ledger state (seeSection 3.1)."

[https://developers.libra.org/docs/assets/papers/the-libra-blockchain.pdf]

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-state'structure,

Merkle-tree of state

description::
"The ledger state at each version is represented by a sparse Merkle tree that has the state of all accounts. The keys are the 256-bit hash of the addresses, and their corresponding value is the state of the entire account serialized as a binary blob. While a tree of size 2^256 is an intractable representation, subtrees consisting entirely of empty nodes are replaced with a placeholder value, and subtrees consisting of exactly one leaf are replaced with a single node.
While each TransactionInfo structure points to a different state tree, the new tree can reuse unchanged portion of the previous tree, forming a persistent data structure."
[https://developers.libra.org/docs/crates/storage#ledger-state]

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem'state-Merkle-tree,
* McsEngl.DnDiem-state'Merkle-tree,

state.LATEST

description::
· the-latest-state is-computed from Libra's--ledger-history.

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-state.latest,

state.GENESIS

description::
"The initial set of accounts and their state are specified in the genesis ledger state"
[https://developers.libra.org/docs/assets/papers/the-libra-blockchain.pdf]

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem'genesis-ledger-state,
* McsEngl.DnDiem-state.genesis,

script of transaction

description::
"- Each Libra transaction includes a Move transaction script that encodes the logic a validator should perform on the client's behalf (for example, to move Libra from Alice's account to Bob's account).
- The transaction script interacts with Move resources published in the global storage of the Libra Blockchain by calling the procedures of one or more Move modules.
- A transaction script is not stored in the global state, and it cannot be invoked by other transaction scripts. It is a single-use program."
[https://developers.libra.org/docs/move-overview#move-transaction-scripts-enable-programmable-transactions]
===
"At a high level, a transaction consists of a transaction script (written in Move bytecode) and arguments to the transaction script (e.g., a recipient account address or the number of Libra to send)."
[https://developers.libra.org/docs/assets/papers/the-libra-blockchain.pdf]

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-tx'script!⇒DnDiem-tx-script,
* McsEngl.DnDiem-tx-script,
* McsEngl.Libra-transaction-script!⇒DnDiem-tx-script,
* McsEngl.Move-transaction-script!⇒DnDiem-tx-script,

argument of transaction

description::
"At a high level, a transaction consists of a transaction script (written in Move bytecode) and arguments to the transaction script (e.g., a recipient account address or the number of Libra to send)."
[https://developers.libra.org/docs/assets/papers/the-libra-blockchain.pdf]

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-tx'argument,

execution-result of transaction

description::
"Execution result of a transaction is a combination of:
- The new state of the set of accounts affected by the transaction.
- The events emitted by executing the transaction.
- The exit code, which indicates either success or a specific error.
- The number of gas units consumed while executing the transaction."
[https://developers.libra.org/docs/reference/glossary#execution-result]

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-tx'execution-result,

event of transaction

description::
"Each transaction emits a list of events and those events form a Merkle accumulator. Similar to the state Merkle tree, the root hash of the event accumulator of a transaction is recorded in the corresponding TransactionInfo structure."
[https://developers.libra.org/docs/crates/storage#events]

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem'event!⇒DnDiem-event,
* McsEngl.DnDiem-event,
* McsEngl.DnDiem-tx'event!⇒DnDiem-event,

transaction.GENESIS

description::
· the-transaction with version|height 0.

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem'genesis-transaction,
* McsEngl.DnDiem-tx.genesis,

membership of DnDiem-Association

description::
· the-owners of validator-nodes consist the-membership of the-Association.
===
"Over time, membership eligibility will shift to become completely open and based only on the member’s holdings of Libra."
[https://developers.libra.org/docs/assets/papers/the-libra-blockchain.pdf]

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-Association'membership,

Council of DnDiem-Association

description::
"Libra Association Council is the governing body of the Libra Association.
Libra Association Council is part of the Libra Association."

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-Association'Council,
* McsEngl.Libra-Association-Council,

info-resource of DnDiem-Association

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-Association'Infrsc,

addressWpg::
* https://twitter.com/Libra_,
* https://libra.org/en-US/becoming-founding-member/,

open-source of DnDiem-Core

description::
"The first implementation of the Libra protocol — the technology behind the blockchain — is Libra Core, which is an open-source project managed by the Libra Association using development practices established by the open-source community."
[https://developers.libra.org/docs/libra-open-source-paper]

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-Core'open-source,

repo of DnDiem-Core

description::
· https://github.com/libra/libra.

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-Core'repo,

implementation-language of DnDiem-Core

description::
· Rust.
===
"Ben here, I'm the tech lead on the Calibra team. Libra started with a blank slate -- all options were open. Once we made the decision to build our own blockchain infrastructure, the next question was what language to use. The team spent time considering different options, many of which OP listed. As a project where security is a primary focus, the type-safety and memory-safety of Rust were extremely appealing. Over the past year, we've found that even though Rust has a high learning curve, it's an investment that has paid off. Rust has helped us build a clean, principled blockchain implementation.
Part of our decision to chose Rust was based on the incredible momentum this community has achieved. We'll need to work together on challenges like tooling, build times, and strengthening the ecosystem of 3rd-party crates needed by security-sensitive projects like ours. We're looking forward to working with the Rust community for years to come. I'd love to hear your thoughts on ways that we can work together to continue building the momentum behind Rust."
[https://www.reddit.com/r/rust/comments/c20aed/facebook_just_picked_rust_to_implement_their_new/erhsz9q/]

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-Core'language,

language-component of DnDiem-Core

description::
"Move is a new programming language developed to provide a safe and programmable foundation for the Libra Blockchain."
[https://developers.libra.org/docs/crates/move-language]

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-Core'language-component,

network-component of DnDiem-Core

description::
"The network component is specifically designed to facilitate the consensus and shared mempool protocols."
[https://developers.libra.org/docs/crates/network]

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-Core'network-component,

admission-control--component of DnDiem-Core

description::
"Admission Control (AC) is the public API endpoint for Libra and it takes public gRPC requests from clients.
... This module interacts with:
- The Mempool component, to submit transactions from clients.
- The Storage component, to query validator storage."
[https://developers.libra.org/docs/crates/admission-control]
===
"In Libra Core, admission control is the sole external interface to the validator. Any incoming request (transaction submission or queries) from a client goes through admission control. A client does not have the ability to access the storage, or any other component in the system, without going through AC. This filters requests and protects the system.
· AC is a validator's entry point for all client interactions. It performs basic validity checks on a submitted transaction. After completing validity checks, it passes the transaction to mempool.
· A client will use AC for submitting transactions and performing queries (reads)."
[https://developers.libra.org/docs/reference/glossary#admission-control-ac]

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem'AC,
* McsEngl.DnDiem-Core'admission-control--component,

storage-component of DnDiem-Core

description::
"The storage module provides reliable and efficient persistent storage for the entire set of data on the Libra Blockchain, as well as the necessary data used internally by Libra Core.
Overview
The storage module is designed to serve two primary purposes:
· Persist the blockchain data, specifically the transactions and their outputs that have been agreed by validators via consensus protocol.
· Provide a response with Merkle proofs to any query that asks for a part of the blockchain data. A client can easily verify the integrity of the response if they have obtained the correct root hash."
[https://developers.libra.org/docs/crates/storage]

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-Core'storage,

invocation of DnDiem-Cli

description::
1) Connect to the Testnet via the CLI Client: ./scripts/cli/start_cli_testnet.sh
2) Run a Local Libra Network and Spawn a CLI Client: cargo run -p libra_swarm -- -s
3) Run a CLI Client to Connect to Any Libra Network: cargo run -p client --bin client -- [OPTIONS] --host <host> --validator_set_file <validator_set_file>

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-Cli'invocation,

command of DnDiem-Cli

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-Cli'command,

specific::
* account | a — Account related operations,
* transfer | transferb | t | tb — Transfer coins from account to another,
* query | q — Query data from destination chain,
* quit | q! — Exits the CLI,
* help | h — Prints help,

info-resource of DnDiem-Cli

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-Cli'Infrsc,

addressWpg::
* https://developers.libra.org/docs/reference/libra-cli,

address of account

description::
"An account address is a 256-bit value. To create a new account, a user first generates a fresh verification/signature key-pair (vk,sk) for a signature scheme and uses the cryptographic hash of the public verification key vk as an account address a=H(vk)."
[https://developers.libra.org/docs/assets/papers/the-libra-blockchain.pdf]

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-account'address,

public-verification-key of account

description::
"To create a new account, a user first generates a fresh verification/signature key-pair (vk,sk) for a signature scheme"
[https://developers.libra.org/docs/assets/papers/the-libra-blockchain.pdf]

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-account'public-verification-key!⇒DnDiem-vk,

private-signing-key of account

description::
"To create a new account, a user first generates a fresh verification/signature key-pair (vk,sk) for a signature scheme
... Once the new account is created at a, the user can sign transactions to be sent from that account using the private signing key sk. The user can also rotate the key used to sign transactions from the account without changing its address, e.g., to proactively change the key or to respond to a possible compromise of the key."
[https://developers.libra.org/docs/assets/papers/the-libra-blockchain.pdf]

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-account'private-signing-key!⇒DnDiem-sk,

Move-resource of account

description::
· each account contains one or more resources.

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-account'Move-resource,

Move-module of account

description::
· each account contains zero or more modules.

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-account'Move-module,

relation-to--human-entity of account

description::
"The Libra protocol does not link accounts to a real-world identity. A user is free to create multiple accounts by generating multiple key-pairs. Accounts controlled by the same user have no inherent link to each other. This scheme follows the example of Bitcoin and Ethereum in that it provides pseudonymity [19] for users."
[https://developers.libra.org/docs/assets/papers/the-libra-blockchain.pdf]

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-account'relation-to--human-entity,

problem.monetary-policy

description::
· the-system must prove that preserves the ability of governments to conduct monetary policy.
[https://medium.com/@oneadamreese/does-facebooks-libra-threaten-fiscal-sovereignty-in-the-global-south-cca3dcba39a6]

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem-problem.monetary-policy,

addressWpg::
* {2019-06-28} Adam-Reese, https://medium.com/@oneadamreese/does-facebooks-libra-threaten-fiscal-sovereignty-in-the-global-south-cca3dcba39a6,

problem.censorship-resistance

description::
"With Libra, censorship-resistance is even more important, as Libra could very well end up being the world's "de facto" currency, and if the Libra network is the only way to transfer that currency, and it's less censorship-resistant, we're worse off than where we started."
[Mustafa Al-Bassam, https://twitter.com/musalbas/status/1143629839666176002]
===
"a digital network that features regulated on and off ramps with proper know-your-customer (KYC) practices, combined with the ability for law enforcement and regulators to conduct their own analysis of on-chain activity"
[David-Marcus, https://www.facebook.com/notes/david-marcus/libra-2-weeks-in/10158616513819148/]

name::
* McsEngl.DnDiem'censorship-resistance,
* McsEngl.DnDiem-problem.censorship-resistance,