overview of material
definition::
generic-definition:
· material is an-atom, a-molecule, or a-system-of-molecules. {2020-04-21},
· material-body is a-material-atom[a] and any system of it[a]. {2020-03-31}
===
specific-definition:
· material-body is a-body (= not relation or doing) which is-composed of matter.
name::
* McsEngl.filMcsMtrl.last.html!⇒material,
* McsEngl.dirNtr/filMcsMtrl.last.html!⇒material,
* McsEngl.bodyMaterial!⇒material,
* McsEngl.bodyMtr!⇒material,
* McsEngl.material,
* McsEngl.material'(material-body)!⇒material,
* McsEngl.material-body!⇒material,
* McsEngl.physical-body!⇒material,
* McsEngl.physical-object!⇒material,
====== langoGreek:
* McsElln.υλικό-σώμα!=material,
description::
· material-body is a-material-atom[a] and any system of it[a]. {2020-03-31},
· material-body is a-body (= not relation or doing) which is a-system of matter.
01_mass of material
description::
"mass-of-material" is a-measure of the-particles of the-material. {2020-04-08},
===
"Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in a substance or an object."
[https://www.ck12.org/chemistry/matter-mass-and-volume/lesson/Matter-Mass-and-Volume-MS-PS/]
"Mass is both a property of a physical body and a measure of its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a net force is applied.[1] An object's mass also determines the strength of its gravitational attraction to other bodies.
The basic SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg). In physics, mass is not the same as weight, even though mass is often determined by measuring the object's weight using a spring scale, rather than balance scale comparing it directly with known masses. An object on the Moon would weigh less than it does on Earth because of the lower gravity, but it would still have the same mass. This is because weight is a force, while mass is the property that (along with gravity) determines the strength of this force."
[{2019-12-29} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass]
name::
* McsEngl.material'mass!⇒mass,
* McsEngl.mass,
* McsEngl.mass-of-material!⇒mass,
====== langoGreek:
* McsElln.μάζα!=mass,
matter-relation-to-mass of material
description::
· matter is the-elementary-particles and any system of them, PART of a-material-body.
===
"matter has an "opposite" called antimatter, but mass has no opposite—there is no such thing as "anti-mass" or negative mass, so far as is known, although scientists do discuss the concept. Antimatter has the same (i.e. positive) mass property as its normal matter counterpart."
[{2020-01-03} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matter]
===
"1.As we all know, “matter” is defined as “anything that occupies space and has mass,” and “mass” is defined as “something that represents the amount of matter in a particular space, particle, or object.”
2.In terms of features, matter can be seen while mass is only quantifiable.
3.The unit of mass is kilogram while matter can be measured using different forms of units of measurement such as weight, mass, or volume."
[http://www.differencebetween.net/science/difference-between-mass-and-matter/]
name::
* McsEngl.material'att005-matter-relation-to-mass,
* McsEngl.material'matter-relation-to-mass-att005,
* McsEngl.matter'relation-to-mass,
* McsEngl.mass'relation-to-matter,
mass.dalton-Uom
description::
"The dalton or unified atomic mass unit (symbols: Da or u) is a unit of mass widely used in physics and chemistry. It is defined as 1/12 of the mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state and at rest.[1][2] The atomic mass constant, denoted mu, is defined identically, giving mu = m(12C)/12 = 1 Da.[3]
This unit is commonly used in physics and chemistry to express the mass of atomic-scale objects, such as atoms, molecules, and elementary particles, both for discrete instances and multiple types of ensemble averages. For example, an atom of helium-4 has a mass of 4.0026 Da. This is an intrinsic property of the isotope and all helium-4 have the same mass. Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), C9H8O4, has an average mass of approximately 180.157 Da. However, there are no acetylsalicylic acid molecules with this mass. The two most common masses of individual acetylsalicylic acid molecules are 180.04228 Da and 181.04565 Da.
The molecular masses of proteins, nucleic acids, and other large polymers are often expressed with the units kilodaltons (kDa), megadaltons (MDa), etc.[4] Titin, one of the largest known proteins, has a molecular mass of between 3 and 3.7 megadaltons.[5] The DNA of chromosome 1 in the human genome has about 249 million base pairs, each with an average mass of about 650 Da, or 156 GDa total.[6]
The mole is a unit of amount of substance, widely used in chemistry and physics, which was originally defined so that the mass of one mole of a substance, measured in grams, would be numerically equal to the average mass of one of its constituent particles, measured in daltons. That is, the molar mass of a chemical compound was meant to be numerically equal to its average molecular mass. For example, the average mass of one molecule of water is about 18.0153 daltons, and one mole of water is about 18.0153 grams. A protein whose molecule has an average mass of 64 kDa would have a molar mass of 64 kg/mol. However, while this equality can be assumed for almost all practical purposes, it is now only approximate, because of the way mole was redefined on 20 May 2019.[4][1]
In general, the mass in daltons of an atom is numerically close, but not exactly equal to the number of nucleons A contained in its nucleus. It follows that the molar mass of a compound (grams per mole) is numerically close to the average number of nucleons contained in each molecule. By definition, the mass of an atom of carbon-12 is 12 daltons, which corresponds with the number of nucleons that it has (6 protons and 6 neutrons). However, the mass of an atomic-scale object is affected by the binding energy of the nucleons in its atomic nuclei, as well as the mass and binding energy of its electrons. Therefore, this equality holds only for the carbon-12 atom in the stated conditions, and will vary for other substances. For example, the mass of one unbound atom of the common hydrogen isotope (hydrogen-1, protium) is 1.007825032241(94) Da, the mass of one free neutron is 1.00866491595(49) Da,[7] and the mass of one hydrogen-2 (deuterium) atom is 2.014101778114(122) Da.[8] In general, the difference (mass defect) is less than 0.1%; exceptions include hydrogen-1 (about 0.8%), helium-3 (0.5%), lithium (0.25%) and beryllium (0.15%).
The unified atomic mass unit and the dalton should not be confused with the unit of mass in the atomic units systems, which is instead the electron rest mass (me)."
[{2020-05-08} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalton_(unit)]
name::
* McsEngl.Da-UomMass!⇒UomDa,
* McsEngl.UomDa,
* McsEngl.UomDa'(UomMass.dalton)!⇒UomDa,
* McsEngl.UomMass.dalton!⇒UomDa,
* McsEngl.dalton-UomMass!⇒UomDa,
* McsEngl.mass.dalton-Uom!⇒UomDa,
* McsEngl.unified-atomic-mass-unit!⇒UomDa,
02_physical-property of material
name::
* McsEngl.material'02_physical-property,
* McsEngl.material'att008-physical-property,
* McsEngl.material'physical-property-att008,
description::
"Physical properties are contrasted with chemical properties which determine the way a material behaves in a chemical reaction."
[{2020-04-06} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_property]
specific-tree-of-physical-property::
* space,
** size,
** location,
* weight,
03_chemical-property of material
name::
* McsEngl.material'03_chemical-property,
* McsEngl.material'att009-chemical-property,
* McsEngl.material'chemical-property-att009,
* McsEngl.chemical-property--of-material,
description::
"A chemical property is any of a material's properties that becomes evident during, or after, a chemical reaction; that is, any quality that can be established only by changing a substance's chemical identity.[1] Simply speaking, chemical properties cannot be determined just by viewing or touching the substance; the substance's internal structure must be affected greatly for its chemical properties to be investigated. When a substance goes under a chemical reaction, the properties will change drastically, resulting in chemical change. However, a catalytic property would also be a chemical property.
Chemical properties can be contrasted with physical properties, which can be discerned without changing the substance's structure. However, for many properties within the scope of physical chemistry, and other disciplines at the boundary between chemistry and physics, the distinction may be a matter of researcher's perspective. Material properties, both physical and chemical, can be viewed as supervenient; i.e., secondary to the underlying reality. Several layers of superveniency[clarification needed] are possible.
Chemical properties can be used for building chemical classifications. They can also be useful to identify an unknown substance or to separate or purify it from other substances. Materials science will normally consider the chemical properties of a substance to guide its applications."
[{2020-03-01} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_property]
04_space of material
description::
· every material-body occupies some space.
name::
* McsEngl.material'04_space,
* McsEngl.material'att002-space,
* McsEngl.material'space-att00002,
* McsEngl.space-of-material,
size of material
name::
* McsEngl.material'att003-size,
* McsEngl.material'size-att003,
* McsEngl.size-of-material,
description::
· size is a-measure of a-material-body's space:
* distance (length, wide, hight) (1-dimention),
* area (2-dimentions),
* volume (3-dimentions).
location of material
name::
* McsEngl.material'att004-location,
* McsEngl.material'location-att004,
* McsEngl.location-of-material,
description::
· location is a-specific-space of the-universe, relative (eg east) or relativeNot (africa).
06_weight of material
name::
* McsEngl.material'06_weight,
* McsEngl.material'att007-weight,
* McsEngl.material'weight-att007,
description::
· weight of material is the-gravitation-force acting on it.
· the-unit-of-measurement for weight is that of force, which in the-International-System-of-Units-(SI) is the-newton.
generic-tree-of-material'weight::
* material'physical-property,
07_resource of material
name::
* McsEngl.material'07_resource,
* McsEngl.material'attResource,
* McsEngl.material'Infrsc,
addressWpg::
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_object,
08_structure of material
name::
* McsEngl.material'08_structure,
* McsEngl.material'attStructure,
* McsEngl.material'structure,
description::
·
09_doing of material
description::
·
name::
* McsEngl.material'09_doing,
* McsEngl.material'attDoing,
* McsEngl.material'doing,
10_EVOLUTING of material
name::
* McsEngl.material'10_evoluting,
* McsEngl.material'attEvoluting,
* McsEngl.material'evoluting,
{time.2020-03-25}::
=== matter a-constituent of material-body:
· and mass a-measure of matter.
{time.2020-03-21}::
=== matter ≡ material-body:
· working hypothesis.
{time.2019-12-28}::
=== McsHitp-creation:
· creation of current concept.
WHOLE-PART-TREE of material
name::
* McsEngl.material'whole-part-tree,
whole-chain::
* Sympan,
part::
* density,
* mass,
* matter,
* space,
* surface,
* weight,
GENERIC-SPECIFIC-TREE of material
name::
* McsEngl.material'generic-specific-tree,
generic-tree-of-material::
* body-system,
* entity,
specific-tree-of-material::
* substance-material,
* substanceNo-material,
===
* microscopic-material,
* microscopicNo-material,
* macroscopic-material,
===
* celestial-body,
* system-material,
* whole-material,
material.specs-div.eye
name::
* McsEngl.material.specifics-division.eye,
description::
· on eye:
* micro-material,
* mid-material,
* macro-material,
material.specs-div.shape
description::
· substance,
· substanceNo,
name::
* McsEngl.material.specifics-division.shape,
material.specs-div.creator
description::
· natural-material,
· naturalNo-material,
name::
* McsEngl.material.specifics-division.creator,
material.atomic-scale-009
name::
* McsEngl.material.009-atomic-scale,
* McsEngl.material.atomic-scale-009,
* McsEngl.atomic-level-material-009,
* McsEngl.atomic-scale-material-009,
* McsEngl.particle.atomic-scale-009,
description::
"particles, which may be atoms, molecules, ions, or electrons."
[{2020-04-05} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_(unit)]
material.micro-scale-001
name::
* McsEngl.material.001-microscopic, /mikroskópic/,
* McsEngl.material.microscale-001,
* McsEngl.material.microscopic-001,
* McsEngl.mtrlMicroscopic,
* McsEngl.material-microscopic-001,
* McsEngl.micro-level-material-001,
* McsEngl.micro-scale-material-001,
* McsEngl.microscopic-material-001,
* McsEngl.microscopic-material-001,
description::
· microscopic-material is a-very-small a-material-body that can-NOT-be-seen with our eyes.
· example: an-atom, a-mollecule, a-micro-organism.
material.eye-scale-002
name::
* McsEngl.material.002-eyescopic,
* McsEngl.material.eyescale-002,
* McsEngl.material.eyescopic-002,
* McsEngl.mtrlEyescopic,
* McsEngl.eyes-level-material,
* McsEngl.eyes-scale-material,
* McsEngl.eyescopic-material,
* McsEngl.eyescopic-material,
description::
· eyescopic-material is a-material-body that can-be-seen with our eyes.
· example: a-car, an-organism.
material.macro-scale-003
name::
* McsEngl.material.003-macroscopic, /makroskópic/,
* McsEngl.material.macroscale-003,
* McsEngl.material.macroscopic-003,
* McsEngl.macro-scale-materila,
* McsEngl.macroscopic-material,
description::
· macroscopic-material is a-material-body that can-NOT-be-seen with our eyes, directly.
· example: a-human-society, the-earth, our-solar-system.
material.natural-007
description::
· a-material made by nature, NOT by an-organism.
name::
* McsEngl.material.007-natural!⇒mtrlNatural,
* McsEngl.material.natural!⇒mtrlNatural,
* McsEngl.mtrlNatural,
material.naturalNo-008
description::
· a-material NOT made by nature, but by an-organism.
name::
* McsEngl.constructed-material!⇒mtrlNaturalNo,
* McsEngl.material.008-naturalNo!⇒mtrlNaturalNo,
* McsEngl.material.naturalNo!⇒mtrlNaturalNo,
* McsEngl.mtrlNaturalNo,
material.ion-010
name::
* McsEngl.material.010-ion, /áion/,
* McsEngl.material.ion-010,
* McsEngl.ion-material-010,
description::
"An ion (/ˈaɪɒn, -ən/)[1] is an atom or molecule that has a net electrical charge. Since the charge of the electron (considered negative by convention) is equal and opposite to that of the proton (considered positive by convention), the net charge of an ion is non-zero due to its total number of electrons being unequal to its total number of protons. A cation is a positively charged ion, with fewer electrons than protons, while an anion is negatively charged, with more electrons than protons. Because of their opposite electric charges, cations and anions attract each other and readily form ionic compounds.
Ions consisting of only a single atom are termed atomic or monatomic ions, while two or more atoms form molecular ions or polyatomic ions. In the case of physical ionization in a fluid (gas or liquid), "ion pairs" are created by spontaneous molecule collisions, where each generated pair consists of a free electron and a positive ion.[2] Ions are also created by chemical interactions, such as the dissolution of a salt in liquids, or by other means, such as passing a direct current through a conducting solution, dissolving an anode via ionization."
[{2020-04-03} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion]
specific-tree-of-ion::
* atom-ion,
* molecule-ion,
