overview of lawEus
description::
· the-written and unwritten law of socEu.
name::
* McsEngl.McsStnlaw000003.last.html//dirStnlaw//dirMcs!⇒lawEus,
* McsEngl.dirMcs/dirStnlaw/McsStnlaw000003.last.html!⇒lawEus,
* McsEngl.EU-law!⇒lawEus,
* McsEngl.Eulaw!⇒lawEus,
* McsEngl.European-law!⇒lawEus,
* McsEngl.Union-law!⇒lawEus,
* McsEngl.law.016-Eu!⇒lawEus,
* McsEngl.law.Eu!⇒lawEus,
* McsEngl.law.soc.Eu!⇒lawEus,
* McsEngl.lawEus!=McsStnlaw000003,
* McsEngl.lawEus!=EU-law,
====== langoGreek:
* McsElln.δίκαιο-ΕΕ!=lawEus,
01_topic of lawEus
description::
· the-referent of lawEus.
===
"The European Union can only act in those areas where its member countries have authorised it to do so, via the EU treaties.
The treaties specify who can pass laws in what areas: the EU, national governments or both."
[{2021-02-04} https://ec.europa.eu/info/about-european-commission/what-european-commission-does/law/areas-eu-action_en]
name::
* McsEngl.lawEus'01_subject!⇒lawEus'topic,
* McsEngl.lawEus'area!⇒lawEus'topic,
* McsEngl.lawEus'att003-subject!⇒lawEus'topic,
* McsEngl.lawEus'subject!⇒lawEus'topic,
* McsEngl.lawEus'topic,
02_jurisdiction of lawEus
description::
· any entity (place, organization) to which a-law is-addressed.
name::
* McsEngl.lawEus'02_jurisdiction,
* McsEngl.lawEus'att004-jurisdiction,
* McsEngl.lawEus'application,
* McsEngl.lawEus'jurisdiction,
opt-out of lawEus
description::
"In general, the law of the European Union is valid in all of the twenty-seven European Union member states. However, occasionally member states negotiate certain opt-outs from legislation or treaties of the European Union, meaning they do not have to participate in certain policy areas. Currently, three states have such opt-outs: Denmark (four opt-outs), Republic of Ireland (two opt-outs) and Poland (one opt-out). The United Kingdom had various opt-outs before leaving the Union.
This is distinct from the enhanced cooperation, a measure introduced in the Treaty of Amsterdam, whereby a minimum of nine member states are allowed to co-operate within the structure of the European Union without involving other member states, after the European Commission and a qualified majority have approved the measure. It is further distinct from Mechanism for Cooperation and Verification and permanent acquis suspensions, whose lifting is conditional on meeting certain benchmarks by the affected member states."
[{2020-12-03} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opt-outs_in_the_European_Union]
name::
* McsEngl.lawEus'opt-out,
03_oznPassing of lawEus
description::
"he European Union can only act in those areas where its member countries have authorised it to do so, via the EU treaties.
The treaties specify who can pass laws in what areas: the EU, national governments or both."
[{2021-02-04} ]
name::
* McsEngl.Euloznpass,
* McsEngl.Euloznpass!=oznPassing-lawEus,
* McsEngl.lawEus'att03_oznPassing!⇒Euloznpass,
* McsEngl.lawEus'oznAdopting!⇒Euloznpass,
* McsEngl.lawEus'oznChanging!⇒Euloznpass,
* McsEngl.lawEus'oznPassing!⇒Euloznpass,
descriptionLong::
"The EU uses a variety of legislative procedures to adopt laws. The procedure followed for a legislative proposal depends on the type and subject of the proposal. The vast majority of EU laws are jointly adopted by the EU Parliament and Council, while in specific cases a single EU institution can adopt alone. The national parliaments of EU countries are consulted on all Commission proposals, and any changes to the EU treaties require the agreement of every EU country."
[{2021-02-04} ]
oznProposing of lawEus
description::
· the-organization that proposes the-law.
name::
* McsEngl.lawEus'att019-oznProposing,
* McsEngl.lawEus'oznProposing,
Euloznpass.SPECIFIC
description::
* Eu,
* member-state,
* Eu-and-member-state,
name::
* McsEngl.Euloznpass.specific,
Euloznpass.Eu
description::
"Only EU can legislate
In certain areas, the EU alone is able to pass laws. The role of member countries is limited to applying the law, unless the EU authorises them to adopt certain laws themselves. In these areas, the EU has what the treaties call exclusive competences:
* customs union
* competition rules for the single market
* monetary policy for the eurozone countries
* trade and international agreements (under certain circumstances)
* marine plants and animals regulated by the common fisheries policy"
[{2021-02-04} https://ec.europa.eu/info/about-european-commission/what-european-commission-does/law/areas-eu-action_en]
name::
* McsEngl.Euloznpass.Eu,
Euloznpass.member-state
description::
"Member countries legislate, EU helps
In certain areas, the EU can only support, coordinate or complement the action of member countries. It has no power to pass laws and may not interfere with member countries’ ability to do so. In these areas, the EU has what the treaties call supporting competences
* public health,
* industry,
* culture,
* tourism,
* education and training, youth and sport,
* civil protection,
* administrative cooperation",
[{2021-02-04} https://ec.europa.eu/info/about-european-commission/what-european-commission-does/law/areas-eu-action_en]
name::
* McsEngl.Euloznpass.member-state,
Euloznpass.Eu-and-member-state
description::
"EU or national governments can legislate
In certain areas, both the EU and member countries are able to pass laws. But member countries can do so only if the EU has not already proposed laws or has decided that it will not. In these areas, the EU has what the treaties call shared competences:
* single market,
* employment and social affairs,
* economic, social and territorial cohesion,
* agriculture,
* fisheries,
* environment,
* consumer protection,
* transport,
* trans-European networks,
* energy,
* security and justice,
* public health,
* research and space,
* development cooperation and humanitarian aid,"
[{2021-02-04} https://ec.europa.eu/info/about-european-commission/what-european-commission-does/law/areas-eu-action_en]
name::
* McsEngl.Euloznpass.Eu-and-member-state,
04_implementation of lawEus
description::
"(n) execution, implementation, carrying out (the act of accomplishing some aim or executing some order) "the agency was created for the implementation of the policy""
[{2021-02-04} http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=implementation]
name::
* McsEngl.lawEus'04_implementation,
* McsEngl.lawEus'implementation,
05_time-in-force of lawEus
description::
· date that started or ended to be in-force.
name::
* McsEngl.lawEus'05_time-in-force,
* McsEngl.lawEus'att011-time-of-validation,
* McsEngl.lawEus'time-in-force,
* McsEngl.lawEus'time-of-validation,
relation-to-national-law of lawEus
description::
"eu law relation to national law:
EU law and national law have a complex relationship, which is governed by the principle of primacy of EU law. This principle means that EU law takes precedence over national law in any case of conflict. The principle of primacy was established by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in the case Costa v ENEL (1964), and has been reaffirmed in numerous subsequent cases.
There are two main ways in which EU law can affect national law:
* Direct effect: This means that individuals can rely on EU law directly before national courts, without the need for it to be transposed into national law. Direct effect is not available for all EU law provisions, but it is available for many important ones, such as those that confer rights on individuals or prohibit certain types of conduct.
* Indirect effect: This means that EU law can influence the interpretation and application of national law. National courts are required to interpret and apply national law in a way that is consistent with EU law.
The principle of primacy of EU law has important implications for the relationship between EU law and national law. It means that national courts must set aside any national law that is in conflict with EU law, even if it is a constitutional provision. The principle also means that national authorities must take all necessary steps to ensure the effective application of EU law.
The relationship between EU law and national law is also affected by the different types of EU legal acts. Regulations are directly applicable in all EU Member States, without the need for transposition into national law. Directives, on the other hand, require Member States to take measures to incorporate them into national law. Member States have some discretion in how they transpose directives, but they must ensure that the objectives of the directives are achieved.
The European Commission is responsible for monitoring the implementation of EU law by Member States. If the Commission believes that a Member State has failed to implement EU law correctly, it can initiate infringement proceedings. If the Member State does not comply with the Commission's decision, the Commission may refer the case to the CJEU. The CJEU can impose financial sanctions on Member States that fail to comply with EU law.
Overall, the relationship between EU law and national law is complex and constantly evolving. However, the principle of primacy of EU law ensures that EU law takes precedence over national law in any case of conflict. This principle is essential for ensuring the uniform application of EU law across all Member States."
[{2023-10-09 retrieved} https://bard.google.com/chat/8ce00086ab2866d5]
===
"By establishing the Union, the Member States have limited their legislative sovereignty and, in so doing, have created a self-sufficient body of law that is binding on them, their citizens and their courts.
... Even if Union law constitutes a legal order that is self-sufficient in relation to the legal orders of the Member States, this situation must not be regarded as one in which the EU legal order and the legal systems of the Member States are superimposed on one another like layers of bedrock. The fact that they are applicable to the same people, who thus simultaneously become citizens of a national state and of the EU, negates such a rigid demarcation of these legal orders. Secondly, such an approach disregards the fact that Union law can become operational only if it forms part of the legal orders of the Member States. The truth is that the EU legal order and the national legal orders are interlocked and interdependent."
[{2020-12-09} https://op.europa.eu/webpub/com/abc-of-eu-law/en/#chap7]
name::
* McsEngl.lawEus'att009-relation-to-national-law,
* McsEngl.lawEus'relation-to-national-law,
* McsEngl.primacy-of-Eu-law,
* McsEngl.supremacy-of-Eu-law,
descriptionLong::
"The primacy of European Union law (sometimes referred to as supremacy) is an EU law principle that when there is conflict between European law and the law of its member states, European law prevails, and the norms of national law are set aside. The principle was developed by the European Court of Justice, which interpreted that norms of European law take precedence over any norms of national law, including the constitutions of member states.[1][2][3] Although national courts generally accept the principle in practice, most of them disagree with that absolute principle and reserve, in principle, the right to review the constitutionality of European law under national constitutional law.[4]
For the European Court of Justice, national courts and public officials must disapply a national norm that is believed not to be compliant with the EU law. Disapplying is different by the European Parliament's legislation in that it concerns to a specific case, and legislation is universal and equivalent for all people. However, disapplication of the national law in a judicial case or administrative procedure can create a legal precedent that is repeated over the time by the same or other courts and so becomes part of the national jurisprudence. The United Kingdom claimed that statement to be contrary to the fundamental principle of the separation of powers into the national jurisdictions since it provides to unelected courts or other nonjurisdictional charges the power to ignore the role of Parliament with a de facto immunity from law enforcement.
Some countries provide that if national and EU law contradict, courts and public officials are required to suspend the application of the national law, ask to the national constitutional court and wait until its decision is taken. If the norm has been declared to be constitutional, they are automatically obliged to apply the national law. That fact can theorically create a contradiction between the national constitutional court and the European Court of Justice. It can also originate from a contradiction between two primary sources in the hierarchy of the sources of law: the national constitutions and European law."
[{2020-11-27} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primacy_of_European_Union_law]
relation-to-International-law of lawEus
description::
">EU-law relation to international-law:
The European Union (EU) is a unique legal order that has a complex relationship with international law. On the one hand, the EU is a subject of international law and is bound by its rules. On the other hand, the EU also has its own legal system, which is separate from international law.
**The EU as a subject of international law**
The EU is a legal personality under international law, meaning that it can enter into treaties and other international agreements. The EU has also been granted observer status in a number of international organizations, such as the United Nations.
The EU's legal personality is based on the principle of conferral, which means that the EU only has the powers that are expressly granted to it by the Treaties. This means that the EU is not able to act in areas where it has not been given explicit authority to do so.
The EU's powers in the field of international law are primarily set out in Article 216 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). Article 216 provides that the EU shall have legal personality and shall be represented on the international scene by the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy.
The EU has concluded a number of international agreements, including trade agreements, development agreements, and environmental agreements. The EU has also participated in a number of international conferences and summits.
**The EU's own legal system**
The EU also has its own legal system, which is separate from international law. The EU's legal system is based on the Treaties and on secondary legislation adopted by the EU's institutions. The EU's legal system is also influenced by the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU).
The EU's legal system is binding on all EU Member States. This means that EU law takes precedence over national law in areas where EU law has been adopted.
The EU's legal system is designed to achieve the objectives of the EU, such as economic integration, peace, and freedom of movement. The EU's legal system is also designed to protect the rights of EU citizens, such as the right to non-discrimination and the right to freedom of expression.
**The relationship between EU law and international law**
The relationship between EU law and international law is complex. On the one hand, EU law and international law are complementary. EU law can help to implement international law and international law can help to shape EU law. On the other hand, there can also be conflicts between EU law and international law.
The CJEU has developed a number of principles to guide the interpretation and application of EU law in light of international law. These principles include the principle of primacy, the principle of cooperation, and the principle of effectiveness.
The principle of primacy states that EU law takes precedence over international law in areas where EU law has been adopted. The principle of cooperation states that the EU and its Member States should cooperate with international organizations to achieve common goals. The principle of effectiveness states that EU law should be interpreted in a way that gives effect to its objectives.
The relationship between EU law and international law is likely to continue to evolve in the years to come. As the EU becomes more integrated and plays a more prominent role on the international stage, the relationship between EU law and international law will become increasingly important."
[{2023-11-27 retrieved} https://bard.google.com/chat/5683c33601294982?hl=en&pli=1]
name::
* McsEngl.lawIntl'relation-to-lawEus,
* McsEngl.lawEus'att010-relation-to-International-law,
* McsEngl.lawEus'relation-to-International-law,
legal-system of lawEus
description::
· the legal system encompasses the entire framework of laws and institutions within a society.
name::
* McsEngl.lawEus'legal-system,
Court-of-Justice-of-EU (link) of lawEus
European-Commission (link) of lawEus
Council-of-EU (link) of lawEus
Parliament (link) of lawEus
info-resource of lawEus
name::
* McsEngl.lawEus'Infrsc,
addressWpg::
* https://eur-lex.europa.eu/homepage.html,
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_law,
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primacy_of_European_Union_law,
* https://op.europa.eu/webpub/com/abc-of-eu-law/en/,
* Interinstitutional Agreement between the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union and the European Commission on Better Law-Making OJ L 123, 12.5.2016, p. 1–14
* https://ec.europa.eu/isa2/actions/legal-interoperability_en,
* https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/law-making-process/planning-and-proposing-law/better-regulation-why-and-how_en,
Official-Journal of lawEus
description::
"The Official Journal of the European Union (OJ) is the main source of EUR-Lex content. It is published daily (from Monday to Friday regularly, on Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays only in urgent cases) in the official EU languages.
There are 2 series:
* L (legislation)
* C (information and notices) .
Subseries CA (e.g. C019A), with the same number as the C series published on the same day, contains calls for expressions of interest, vacancy notices, etc. CA editions may appear in one, several or all official languages.
A new subseries, LI and CI , was introduced on 1 January 2016. This allows for greater flexibility in the event of a change in the planned content of the Official Journal. It was used for the first time on 16 January 2016 (L011I, C015I).
Since 1 January 2015, the numbering of EU legal acts has changed. Find out more about the new method of numbering .
Formats
This site contains electronic copies of all Official Journals since the first edition.
Effective 1 July 2013, the electronic edition of the OJ (e-OJ) is authentic and produces legal effects. Find out more about the e-OJ .
You still have the possibility to buy a non-authentic printed version of the Official Journal from the EU Publicationswebsite."
[{2020-11-25} https://eur-lex.europa.eu/oj/direct-access.html]
name::
* McsEngl.Euoj,
* McsEngl.Euoj!=official-journal-of-Eu,
* McsEngl.OJ!=official-journal-of-Eu,
* McsEngl.Official-journal-of-Eu!⇒Euoj,
* McsEngl.lawEus'att001-Official-journal!⇒Euoj,
* McsEngl.lawEus'Official-journal!⇒Euoj,
addressWpg::
* https://eur-lex.europa.eu/content/help/faq/linking.html,
* numbering: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/content/tools/elaw/OA0614022END.pdf,
series of Euoj
description::
· L-(legislation) and C series.
name::
* McsEngl.Euoj'series,
Euoj'series.L
description::
"2010/06 Structure of the Official Journal – Adaptation following the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty
Official Journal L Series
LI Legislative acts
(a) Regulations
(b) Directives
(c) Decisions
(d) Budgets
LII Non-legislative acts
(a) International agreements
(b) Regulations1
(c) Directives2
(d) Decisions3
(e) Recommendations
(f) Guidelines
(g) Rules of procedure
(h) Acts adopted by bodies created by international agreements
(i) Interinstitutional agreements
1 for the record – to be published in the following order:
- Regulation of the European Parliament
- Council Regulation based directly on the Treaties
- Implementing Regulation of the Council
- Commission Regulation based directly on the Treaties
- Delegated Regulation of the Commission
- Implementing Regulation of the Commission
- Regulation of the European Central Bank
2 for the record – to be published in the following order:
- Council Directive based directly on the Treaties
- Implementing Directive of the Council
- Commission Directive based directly on the Treaties
- Delegated Directive of the Commission
- Implementing Directive of the Commission
3 for the record – to be published in the following order:
- Decision of the European Parliament
- Decision of the European Council
- Decision of the European Parliament and of the Council
- Council Decision based directly on the Treaties
- Implementing Decision of the Council
- Commission Decision based directly on the Treaties
- Delegated Decision of the Commission
- Implementing Decision of the Commission
- Decision of the European Central Bank
LIII Other acts
(a) European Economic Area
LIV Acts adopted before 1 December 2009 under the EC Treaty, the EU Treaty and the Euratom Treaty1
1 This heading will be kept provisionally for the publication of acts adopted before 1 December 2009 under the former Treaties."
[{2020-12-05} https://eur-lex.europa.eu/content/oj/Structure_eOJ_EU_en.pdf]
name::
* McsEngl.Euoj'L-series!⇒EuojsL,
* McsEngl.Euoj'legislation-series!⇒EuojsL,
* McsEngl.Euoj'series.L!⇒EuojsL,
* McsEngl.EuojsL,
in-force of EuojsL
description::
"Legislative acts are published in the Official Journal of the European Union, L series (L = legislation). They enter into force on the date specified in them or, if no date is specified, on the 20th day following their publication."
[{2020-12-06} https://op.europa.eu/webpub/com/abc-of-eu-law/en/]
name::
* McsEngl.EuojsL'in-force,
Euoj'series.C
description::
"2010/06 Structure of the Official Journal – Adaptation following the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty
Official Journal C Series (Headings 5 to 9)
CI Resolutions, recommendations and opinions
(a) Resolutions
(b) Recommendations
(c) Opinions1
CII Information
(a) Interinstitutional agreements
(b) Joint Declarations
(c) Information from European Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies
– European Parliament
– European Council
– Council
– European Commission
– Court of Justice of the European Union
– European Central Bank
– Court of Auditors
– European Economic and Social Committee
– Committee of the Regions
– European Union offices and agencies
1 Non-compulsory opinions.
CIII Preparatory acts1
(a) Member States' initiatives
(b) European Parliament
(c) Council
(d) European Commission
(e) Court of Justice of the European Union
(f) European Central Bank
(– opinions)2
(– recommendations)1
(g) Court of Auditors
(h) High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
(i) European Economic and Social Committee
(j) Committee of the Regions
(k) European Investment Bank
(l) European Union offices and agencies
1 Proposals, recommendations, initiatives, compulsory opinions and other preparatory acts.
2 Will not appear in the table of contents (indicates order of publication in OJ).
CIV Notices
(a) Notices from European Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies
– European Parliament
– European Council
– Council
– European Commission
– Court of Justice of the European Union
– European Central Bank
– Court of Auditors
– European Economic and Social Committee
– Committee of the Regions
– European Union offices and agencies
(b) Notices from Member States
(c) Notices concerning the European Economic Area
(– from institutions)1
(– from Member States)1
(d) Notices from third countries
1 Will not appear in the table of contents (indicates order of publication in OJ).
CV Announcements
(a) Administrative procedures
(b) Court proceedings
(c) Procedures relating to the implementation of the common commercial policy
(d) Procedures relating to the implementation of competition policy
(e) Other acts"
[{2020-12-05} https://eur-lex.europa.eu/content/oj/Structure_eOJ_EU_en.pdf]
name::
* McsEngl.Euoj'C-series!⇒EuojsC,
* McsEngl.Euoj'communication-series!⇒EuojsC,
* McsEngl.Euoj'information-and-notices!⇒EuojsC,
* McsEngl.Euoj'series.C!⇒EuojsC,
* McsEngl.EuojsC,
in-force of EuojsC
description::
"Non-legislative acts are signed by the President of the institution which adopted them. They are published in the Official Journal of the European Union, C Series (‘information and notices’ (C = communication))."
[{2020-12-06} https://op.europa.eu/webpub/com/abc-of-eu-law/en/]
name::
* McsEngl.EuojsC,
web-address of Euoj
description::
*
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:C:2016:202:TOC,
- OJ, C-series, 2016-year, 202-number: consolidated Treaties.
* https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:C:2012:326:TOC,
- OJ, C-series, 2012-year, 326-number: consolidated Treaties.
* https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:C:2010:083:TOC,
- OJ, C-series, 2010-year, 83-number: consolidated Treaties.
===
* https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:12016E123
- article-123, {2016}
name::
* McsEngl.Euoj'web-address,
legal-value of Euoj
description::
· OJ-docs published before {2013-07-01}, have legal-value only the-paper-versions.
name::
* McsEngl.Euoj'legal-value,
CheckLex of Euoj
description::
"CheckLex enables you to verify the electronic signature and authentic character of the electronic edition of the Official Journal of the European Union. If verification succeeds, it gives you a guarantee that the electronic edition is authentic and it has not been changed since the date of its signature.
Effective 1 July 2013, the electronic edition of the OJ (e-OJ) is authentic and produces legal effects, pursuant to Regulation 216/2013 on electronic publication of the Official Journal.
The e-OJ bears an advanced electronic signature to ensure its authenticity, integrity and inalterability, in accordance with Directive 1999/93/EC.
Paper versions will no longer have any legal value, except for cases where – due to an unforeseen and exceptional disruption of the Publications Office's IT systems – the e-OJ cannot be publishe"
[{2020-11-26} https://checklex.publications.europa.eu/?lang=en]
name::
* McsEngl.CheckLex!⇒Euclex,
* McsEngl.Euoj'CheckLex!⇒Euclex,
Euoj.paper
description::
· OJ-docs published before {2013-07-01}, have legal-value only the-paper-versions.
name::
* McsEngl.Euoj.paper!⇒Euojp,
* McsEngl.Euojp,
Euoj.electronic
description::
· OJ-docs published before {2013-07-01}, have legal-value only the-paper-versions.
name::
* McsEngl.Euoje,
* McsEngl.Euoje!=electronic-official-jurnal-of-Eu,
* McsEngl.Euoj.electronic!⇒Euoje,
* McsEngl.e-OJ!⇒Euoje,
EUR-Lex of lawEus
description::
"What is EUR-Lex?
EUR-Lex is your online gateway to EU Law. It provides the official and most comprehensive access to EU legal documents. It is available in all of the EU’s 24 official languages and is updated daily.
Who runs EUR-Lex?
EUR-Lex is run by the Publications Office of the European Union.
What can you find on EUR-Lex?
You can access the following EU legal documents:
* Treaties
* Legal acts from EU institutions
* Preparatory documents related to EU legislation
* EU case-law
* International agreements
* EFTA documents
* References to and, for those Member States that agreed, also texts of national transposition measures
* References to national case-law related to EU law."
[{2020-11-26} https://eur-lex.europa.eu/content/welcome/about.html]
name::
* McsEngl.EUR-Lex!⇒Eurolex,
* McsEngl.Eurolex,
* McsEngl.lawEus'att002-EUR-Lex!⇒Eurolex,
* McsEngl.lawEus'EUR-Lex!⇒Eurolex,
Celex-number of Eurolex
description::
"What is it?
Most documents in EUR-Lex – irrespective of language – have a unique CELEX number.
How does it help me?
It helps you search faster. You can quickly identify the document type without opening it. This is handy when you’re checking a document’s metadata, either in the search results or in the “Document information” tab."
[{2020-12-04} https://eur-lex.europa.eu/content/tools/eur-lex-celex-infographic-A3.pdf]
name::
* McsEngl.Celex-nbr,
* McsEngl.Celex-number-of-EUR-Lex!⇒Celex-nbr,
* McsEngl.Eurolex'Celex-number!⇒Celex-nbr,
* McsEngl.lawEus'Celex-number!⇒Celex-nbr,
01_sector-(1-digit|letter) of Celex-nbr
description::
"EUR-Lex falls into 12 sectors:
* 1: Treaties
* 2: International agreements
* 3: Legislation
* 4: Complementary legislation
* 5: Preparatory acts and working documents
* 6: Case-law
* 7: National transposition measures
* 8: References to national case-law concerning EU law
* 9: Parliamentary questions
* 0: Consolidated acts
* C: Other documents published in the Official Journal C series
* E: EFTA documents"
[{2020-12-04} https://eur-lex.europa.eu/content/tools/eur-lex-celex-infographic-A3.pdf]
name::
* McsEngl.Celex-nbr'01_sector,
* McsEngl.Celex-nbr'sector,
02_year-(4-digits) of Celex-nbr
description::
"4-digits"
[{2020-12-04} https://eur-lex.europa.eu/content/tools/eur-lex-celex-infographic-A3.pdf]
name::
* McsEngl.Celex-nbr'02_year,
* McsEngl.Celex-nbr'year,
03_doctype-(1|2-letters) of Celex-nbr
description::
"Examples of Doc types (descriptors) by sector:
Sector 3: Legislation
* L Directives
* R Regulations
* D Decisions
Sector 5: Preparatory acts and working documents
* PC Commission legislative proposals (COM documents), etc.
* DC other COM documents (green & white papers, communications, reports, etc.)
* SC SWD documents (staff working documents, impact assessments, etc.)
* JC JOIN documents (adopted jointly by the Commission and the High Representative)
Sector 6: Case-Law
* CJ Judgments by the Court of Justice
* CC Opinions of the advocate-general
* CO Orders of the Court of Justice"
[{2020-12-04} https://eur-lex.europa.eu/content/tools/eur-lex-celex-infographic-A3.pdf]
name::
* McsEngl.Celex-nbr'03_doctype,
* McsEngl.Celex-nbr'doctype,
04_docnbr-(4-digits) of Celex-nbr
description::
"4-digits.
Most document numbers have 4 digits (may be based on the official number, internal number, date of publication, etc.).
[{2020-12-04} https://eur-lex.europa.eu/content/tools/eur-lex-celex-infographic-A3.pdf]
name::
* McsEngl.Celex-nbr'04_docnbr,
* McsEngl.Celex-nbr'docnbr,
info-resource of Celex-nbr
description::
* https://eur-lex.europa.eu/content/tools/HowCelexNumbersAreComposed.pdf,
* https://eur-lex.europa.eu/content/tools/eur-lex-celex-infographic-A3.pdf,
* https://eur-lex.europa.eu/content/help/faq/celex-number.html,
name::
* McsEngl.Celex-nbr'Infrsc,
ELI of lawEus
description::
"The European Legislation Identifier (ELI) is a system to make legislation available online in a standardised format, so that it can be accessed, exchanged and reused across borders. This initiative, taken jointly by EU countries and institutions, is enshrined in the Council Conclusions of 6 November 2017 on the European Legislation Identifier (2017/C 441/05). *
ELI is based on a voluntary agreement between the EU countries. It includes technical specifications on:
* web identifiers (URIs) for legal information
* metadata specifying how to describe legal information
* a specific language for exchanging legislation in machine-readable formats"
[{2020-12-01} https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli-register/about.html]
name::
* McsEngl.ELI!=European-Legislation-Identifier,
* McsEngl.European-Legislation-Identifier!⇒EulEli,
* McsEngl.EulEli,
* McsEngl.EulEli!=European-Legislation-Identifier,
* McsEngl.lawEus'att014-ELI!⇒EulEli,
* McsEngl.lawEus'ELI!⇒EulEli,
example::
* https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/treaty/char_2016/oj:
Charter-of-frights-{2016}
* https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/treaty/char_2010/oj:
Charter-of-frights-{2010}
info-resource of EulEli
description::
* https://op.europa.eu/en/web/eu-vocabularies/eli,
name::
* McsEngl.EulEli'Infrsc,
structure of lawEus
description::
* Treaty-on-the-functioning:
- preamable,
- part,
-- title,
--- chapter,
---- section,
----- article,
name::
* McsEngl.lawEus'structure,
DOING of lawEus
name::
* McsEngl.lawEus'doing,
description::
* creating,
* changing,
* consolidating,
* interpretating,
* ratificating,
* simplificating,
* repealing,
* harmonising national law,
legislative-procedure of lawEus
description::
"In the adoption of legislative acts, a distinction is made between the ordinary legislative procedure (codecision), which puts Parliament on an equal footing with the Council, and the special legislative procedures, which apply only in specific cases where Parliament has only a consultative role."
[{2020-12-01} https://www.europarl.europa.eu/about-parliament/en/powers-and-procedures/legislative-powers]
name::
* McsEngl.Eulprocedure,
* McsEngl.lawEus'att012-legislative-procedure!⇒Eulprocedure,
* McsEngl.lawEus'creating!⇒Eulprocedure,
* McsEngl.lawEus'legislative-procedure!⇒Eulprocedure,
* McsEngl.legislative-procedure-of-Eu!⇒Eulprocedure,
SPECIFIC of Eulprocedure
description::
"The legislative procedure in the EU was reorganised and restructured by the Treaty of Lisbon. A distinction is to be made between:
1. The ordinary legislative procedure for the adoption of legislative acts (Article 289(1) TFEU), which essentially corresponds to the earlier co-decision procedure and applies as a general rule to lawmaking at EU level, as well as
the special legislative procedure (Article 289(2) TFEU), in which legislative acts are adopted by the European Parliament with the participation of the Council, or by the latter with the participation of the Parliament.
2. Certain legal acts must go through a consent procedure in the Parliament before they can take effect.
3. Non-legislative acts are adopted in a simplified procedure.
4. Special procedures are in place for the adoption of delegated acts and implementing acts."
[{2020-12-06} https://op.europa.eu/webpub/com/abc-of-eu-law/en/#chap6]
name::
* McsEngl.Eulprocedure.specific,
managing of lawEus
description::
· today-{2020-12-18} lawEus and any law, because of its quantity, is unmanagble.
· in-order to manage it, with infotech, we need to change its storing-method.
· instead of texts we must store it in sensorial-conceptual-models.
name::
* McsEngl.Eulmanaging,
* McsEngl.lawEus'att016-managing!⇒Eulmanaging,
* McsEngl.lawEus'managing!⇒Eulmanaging,
info-resource of Eulmanaging
description::
* https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/collection/better-legislation-smoother-implementation/about,
name::
* McsEngl.Eulmanaging'Infrsc,
improving of lawEus
description::
* https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/law-making-process/planning-and-proposing-law/better-regulation-why-and-how_en,
name::
* McsEngl.lawEus'att017-improving,
* McsEngl.lawEus'improving,
consolidating of lawEus
description::
"Consolidation is the action of combining an initial act and all its subsequent amendments and corrections in a single document. This document shows the legal rules that are applicable at a certain point in time. Amendments usually consist of inserting, deleting, replacing or adding text to an initial legal act.
Consolidated texts have no legal effect. They are intended for use as documentation only, although they do serve as a basis of codification."
[{2020-12-09} https://eur-lex.europa.eu/collection/eu-law/consleg.html]
name::
* McsEngl.consolidating-law-of-Eu,
* McsEngl.lawEus'att013-consolidating,
* McsEngl.lawEus'consolidating,
codificating of lawEus
description::
"Codification is the process of bringing together a legal act (or several related acts) and all its amendments into a single new act.
Codification can take 2 forms:
* vertical: where an original act and its amendments are incorporated in a single new act; or
* horizontal: where 2 or more original acts covering related subjects, and any amendments to them, are merged in a single new act.
Unlike in the case of consolidation (i.e. the unofficial simplification of a legal act incorporating its amendments), the new act goes through the full legislative process (e.g. ordinary legislative procedure, consultation procedure or consent procedure) and replaces the acts that are being codified."
[{2020-12-09} https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=LEGISSUM:codification]
name::
* McsEngl.lawEus'att015-codificating,
* McsEngl.lawEus'codificating,
evoluting of lawEus
name::
* McsEngl.evoluting-of-lawEus,
* McsEngl.lawEus'evoluting,
{2020-11-25}::
=== McsHitp-creation:
· creation of current concept.
WHOLE-PART-TREE of lawEus
whole-tree-of-lawEus::
* ,
* ... Sympan,
* McsEngl.lawEus'whole-tree,
part-tree-of-lawEus::
* ,
* McsEngl.lawEus'part-tree,
GENERIC-SPECIFIC-TREE of lawEus
generic-tree-of-lawEus::
* ,
* ... entity,
* McsEngl.lawEus'generic-tree,
specific-tree-of-lawEus::
* internal-law,
** primary-law,
** secondary-law,
* external-law,
* McsEngl.lawEus.specific-tree,
lawEus.spec-div.Eu'part
description::
* internal-law,
* external-law,
name::
* McsEngl.lawEus.008-specifics-division.Eu'part,
* McsEngl.lawEus.spec-div.Eu'part,
lawEus.spec-div.topic
description::
·
name::
* McsEngl.lawEus.spec-div.topic,
* McsEngl.lawEus.topic-division,
lawEus.aggregate-032
description::
">volume of EU law:
The total volume of EU law is estimated to be around 150,000 pages. This includes the Treaties, secondary legislation, case law, and other sources of EU law. The volume of EU law has increased significantly in recent years, due to a number of factors, including the expansion of the EU, the increasing complexity of EU legislation, and the growing number of challenges to EU law before the CJEU.
The sheer volume of EU law can make it difficult for individuals and businesses to comply with it. In order to address this challenge, the EU has taken a number of steps to simplify and consolidate EU law. For example, the EU has adopted a number of "codified acts", which combine a number of related pieces of secondary legislation into a single act. The EU has also adopted a number of "consolidated texts", which are unofficial versions of EU legislation that have been updated to reflect the latest changes.
Despite these efforts, the volume of EU law continues to grow. This is likely to continue in the future, as the EU takes on new challenges and adopts new legislation."
[{2023-12-02 retrieved} https://bard.google.com/chat/b16163fe03ec9c2c?hl=en&pli=1]
name::
* McsEngl.Eu-legal-order,
* McsEngl.lawEus.032-aggregate,
* McsEngl.lawEus.aggregate,
* McsEngl.legal-order-of-Eu,
lawEus.gap-033
description::
· EulGap is lawEus missing for modeling socEus.
name::
* McsEngl.EulGap,
* McsEngl.lawEus.033-gap!⇒EulGap,
* McsEngl.lawEus.gap!⇒EulGap,
lawEus.treaty-001
description::
"The EU treaties are binding agreements between EU member countries. They set out EU objectives, rules for EU institutions, how decisions are made and the relationship between the EU and its member countries. Every action taken by the EU is founded on treaties.
Treaties are amended to make the EU more efficient and transparent, prepare for new member countries and introduce new areas of cooperation.
EUR-Lex contains the founding, amending and accession treaties, as well as some protocols."
[{2020-11-25} https://eur-lex.europa.eu/collection/eu-law/treaties/treaties-overview.html]
name::
* McsEngl.EulTreaty,
* McsEngl.lawEus.001-treaty!⇒EulTreaty,
* McsEngl.lawEus.treaty!⇒EulTreaty,
Celex-sector-number of EulTreaty
description::
· 1.
name::
* McsEngl.EulTreaty'Celex-sector-number,
time-of-signing of EulTreaty
description::
· signing date.
name::
* McsEngl.EulTreaty'01_time-of-signing,
* McsEngl.EulTreaty'time-of-signing,
time-of-validation of EulTreaty
description::
· start|end in-force date.
name::
* McsEngl.EulTreaty'02_time-of-validation,
* McsEngl.EulTreaty'effective,
* McsEngl.EulTreaty'in-force,
* McsEngl.EulTreaty'time-of-validation,
03_place of EulTreaty
description::
· signing place.
name::
* McsEngl.EulTreaty'03_place,
* McsEngl.EulTreaty'location,
* McsEngl.EulTreaty'place-of-sighning,
04_signatory of EulTreaty
description::
· entities signed a-treaty.
name::
* McsEngl.EulTreaty'04_signatory,
* McsEngl.EulTreaty'signatory,
05_amendment of EulTreaty
description::
· changes made on a-treaty.
name::
* McsEngl.EulTreaty'05_amendment,
* McsEngl.EulTreaty'amendment,
info-resource of EulTreaty
description::
* https://europa.eu/european-union/law/treaties_en,
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaties_of_the_European_Union,
name::
* McsEngl.EulTreaty'Infrsc,
DOING of EulTreaty
name::
* McsEngl.EulTreaty'doing,
specific-tree-of-EulTreaty'doing::
* signing,
* ratifying,
* amending,
* abandoning,
* replacing,
* repealing,
===
* ordinary-revision-procedure,
* simplified-revision-procedure,
ordinary-revision-procedure of EulTreaty
description::
"The ordinary revision procedure is essentially the traditional method by which the treaties have been amended and involves holding a full inter-governmental conference. "
[{2020-12-01} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaties_of_the_European_Union]
name::
* McsEngl.EulTreaty'ordinary-revision-procedure,
* McsEngl.ordinary-revision-procedure-of-EulTreaty,
simplified-revision-procedure of EulTreaty
description::
"The simplified revision procedure was established by the Treaty of Lisbon and only allows for changes which do not increase the power of the EU."
[{2020-12-01} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaties_of_the_European_Union]
name::
* McsEngl.EulTreaty'simplified-revision-procedure,
* McsEngl.simplified-revision-procedure-of-EulTreaty,
amending of EulTreaty
description::
"When new countries joined the EU, the founding treaties were amended:
* 2013 (Croatia)
* 2007 (Bulgaria, Romania)
* 2004 (Czechia, Cyprus, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta,
* Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia)
* 1995 (Austria, Finland, Sweden)
* 1986 (Spain, Portugal)
* 1981 (Greece)
* 1973 (Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom)."
[{2020-12-01} https://europa.eu/european-union/law/treaties_en]
name::
* McsEngl.EulTreaty'amending,
GENERIC-SPECIFIC-TREE of EulTreaty
name::
* McsEngl.EulTreaty'generic-specific-tree,
SPECIFIC-TREE of EulTreaty
specific-of-EulTreaty::
* founding-treaty,
* amending-treaty,
* accession-treaty,
===
* Treaty-establishing-a-Constitution-for-Europe-{2004}
* Treaty-of-Absterdam,
* Treaty-of-Maastricht,
* Treaty-of-Nice,
* Treaty of Lisbon,
EulTreaty.founding
description::
Founding treaties
[{2020-11-30} https://eur-lex.europa.eu/collection/eu-law/treaties/treaties-founding.html]
name::
* McsEngl.EulTfounding,
* McsEngl.EulTfounding!=founding-treaty-of-Eu,
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.founding!⇒EulTfounding,
* McsEngl.founding-treaty-of-Eu!⇒EulTfounding,
descriptionLong::
"The EU founding treaties as the primary source of Union law
The first source of Union law in this sense is the EU founding treaties, with the various annexes, appendices and protocols attached to them, and later additions and amendments. These founding treaties and the instruments amending and supplementing them (chiefly the Treaties of Maastricht, Amsterdam, Nice and Lisbon) and the various accession treaties contain the basic provisions on the EU’s objectives, organisation and modus operandi, and parts of its economic law. The same is true of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, which has had the same legal value as the treaties since the Treaty of Lisbon entered into force (Article 6(1) TEU). They thus set the constitutional framework for the life of the EU, which is then fleshed out in the Union’s interest by legislative and administrative action by the Union institutions. The treaties, being legal instruments created directly by the Member States, are known in legal circles as primary Union law."
[{2020-11-30} https://op.europa.eu/webpub/com/abc-of-eu-law/en/]
EulTreaty.amending
description::
· an-Eu-treaty that amends other treaties.
name::
* McsEngl.EulTamending,
* McsEngl.EulTreaty!=amending-treaty-of-Eu,
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.amending!⇒EulTamending,
EulTreaty.accession
description::
Accession Treaties
* Treaty of Accession of Croatia (2012),
* Treaty of Accession of the Republic of Bulgaria and Romania (2005),
* Treaty of Accession of the Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia (2003),
* Treaty of Accession of Austria, Finland and Sweden (1994),
* Treaty of Accession of Spain and Portugal (1985),
* Treaty of Accession of Greece (1979),
* Treaty of Accession of Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom (1972),
[{2020-12-01} https://eur-lex.europa.eu/collection/eu-law/treaties/treaties-accession.html]
name::
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.accession,
* McsEngl.accession-treaty-of-Eu,
EulTreaty.{2012}-accession-of-Croatia
description::
·
name::
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.{2012}-accession-of-Croatia,
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.accession-of-Croatia-{2012},
EulTreaty.{2009}-of-Lisbon
description::
* McsEngl.{socEusa'2009-12-01}-Treaty-of-Lisbon-inforce,
"Signed: 13 December 2007
Entered into force: 1 December 2009
Purpose: to make the EU more democratic, more efficient and better able to address global problems, such as climate change, with one voice.
Main changes: more power for the European Parliament, change of voting procedures in the Council, citizens' initiative, a permanent president of the European Council, a new High Representative for Foreign Affairs, a new EU diplomatic service.
The Lisbon treaty clarifies which powers:
- belong to the EU
- belong to EU member countries
- are shared."
[{2020-12-01} https://europa.eu/european-union/law/treaties_en]
name::
* McsEngl.EulTLisbon,
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.{2009}-Lisbon!⇒EulTLisbon,
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.Lisbon!⇒EulTLisbon,
* McsEngl.Treaty-of-Lisbon!⇒EulTLisbon,
addressWpg::
* https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:C:2007:306:TOC,
EulTreaty.{2005}-accession-of-Bulgaria-Romania
description::
·
name::
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.{2005}-accession-of-Bulgaria-Romania,
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.accession-of-Bulgaria-Romania-{2005},
EulTreaty.{2004signed}-establishing-a-Constitution-for-Europe
description::
"This publication contains the text of the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe as signed in Rome on 29 October 2004 and published in the Official Journal of the European Union on 16 December 2004 (C series, No 310).
It should be noted that this text will take effect only on the date of its entry into force, as provided for in Article IV-447 (2) of that Treaty"
[{2020-12-01} https://europa.eu/european-union/sites/europaeu/files/docs/body/treaty_establishing_a_constitution_for_europe_en.pdf]
name::
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.{2004signed}-establishing-a-Constitution-for-Europe,
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.establishing-a-Constitution-for-Europe-{2004signed},
EulTreaty.{2003}-of-Nice
description::
* McsEngl.{socEusa'2003}-Treaty-of-Nice,
"Signed: 26 February 2001
Entered into force: 1 February 2003
Purpose: to reform the institutions so that the EU could function efficiently after reaching 25 member countries.
Main changes: methods for changing the composition of the Commission and redefining the voting system in the Council."
[{2020-12-01} https://europa.eu/european-union/law/treaties_en]
name::
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.{2003}-Nice,
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.Nice,
* McsEngl.Treaty-of-Nice,
====== langoGreek:
* McsElln.Συνθήκη-της-Νίκαιας,
addressWpg::
* https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:12001C/TXT,
* http://data.europa.eu/eli/treaty/nice/sign,
EulTreaty.{2003}-accession-of-Czech-Estonia-Cyprus-Latvia-Lithuania-Hungary-Malta-Poland-Slovenia-Slovakia
description::
·
name::
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.{2003}-accession-of-Czech-Estonia-Cyprus-Latvia-Lithuania-Hungary-Malta-Poland-Slovenia-Slovakia,
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.accession-of-Czech-Estonia-Cyprus-Latvia-Lithuania-Hungary-Malta-Poland-Slovenia-Slovakia-{2003},
EulTreaty.{1999}-of-Amsterdam
description::
* McsEngl.{socEusa'1999}-Treaty-of-Amsterdam,
"Signed: 2 October 1997
Entered into force: 1 May 1999
Purpose: To reform the EU institutions in preparation for the arrival of future member countries.
Main changes: amendment, renumbering and consolidation of EU and EEC treaties. More transparent decision-making (increased use of the ordinary legislative procedure)."
[{2020-12-01} https://europa.eu/european-union/law/treaties_en]
name::
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.{1999}-Amsterdam,
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.Amsterdam,
* McsEngl.Treaty-of-Amsterdam,
addressWpg::
* https://europa.eu/european-union/sites/europaeu/files/docs/body/treaty_of_amsterdam_en.pdf,
EulTreaty.{1994}-accession-of-Austria-Finland-Sweden
description::
·
name::
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.{1994}-accession-of-Austria-Finland-Sweden,
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.accession-of-Austria-Finland-Sweden-{1994},
EulTreaty.{1993}-on-European-Union|Maastricht
description::
· founding-treaty: 'Treaty-on-European-Union'.
· in-force since {1993-11-01}.
· other-name: Maastricht-treaty.
· amendment:
* {2009} Treaty of Lisbon,
* {2003} Treaty of Nice,
* {1999} Treaty of Amsterdam,
* McsEngl.{socEusa'1993}-lawEus-Treaty-on-European-Union,
* McsEngl.{1993}-lawEus-Treaty-on-European-Union,
name::
* McsEngl.EulTeu,
* McsEngl.EulTeu!=Treaty-on-European-Union,
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.{1992}-Treaty-on-European-Union!⇒EulTeu,
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.founding-treaty-{1992}!⇒EulTeu,
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.on-European-Union-{1992}!⇒EulTeu,
* McsEngl.Maasrtricht-treaty!⇒EulTeu,
* McsEngl.TEU!=Treaty-on-European-Union,
* McsEngl.Treaty-of-Maastricht!⇒EulTeu,
* McsEngl.Treaty-on-European-Union!⇒EulTeu,
====== langoGreek:
* McsElln.Συνθήκη-της-ΕΕ!=EulTeu,
* McsElln.Συνθήκη-του-Μάαστριχτ!=EulTeu,
addressWpg::
* {2010}-consolidated: dirHitp/HitpStnlawEus000.last.html,
* https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/treaty/teu/sign,
* https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:C:1992:191:FULL&from=EN,
* https://europa.eu/european-union/sites/europaeu/files/docs/body/treaty_on_european_union_en.pdf,
descriptionLong::
"Article A
By this Treaty, the High Contracting Parties establish among themselves a European Union, hereinafter called 'the Union`.
This Treaty marks a new stage in the process of creating an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe, in which decisions are taken as closely as possible to the citizen.
The Union shall be founded on the European Communities, supplemented by the policies and forms of cooperation established by this Treaty. Its task shall be to organize, in a manner demonstrating consistency and solidarity, relations between the Member States and between their peoples."
[{2020-12-01} https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A11992M%2FTXT&qid=1606817390852]
===
"Signed: 7 February 1992
Entered into force: 1 November 1993
Purpose: to prepare for European Monetary Union and introduce elements of a political union (citizenship, common foreign and internal affairs policy).
Main changes: establishment of the European Union and introduction of the co-decision procedure, giving Parliament more say in decision-making. New forms of cooperation between EU governments – for example on defence and justice and home affairs."
[{2020-12-01} https://europa.eu/european-union/law/treaties_en]
===
"The Maastricht Treaty, concluded in 1992 between the 12 member states of the European Communities, is the foundation treaty of the European Union (EU). Formally the Treaty on European Union. it announced "a new stage in the process of European integration"[1] chiefly in provisions for a shared European citizenship, for the eventual introduction of a single currency, and (with less precision) for common foreign and security policies. Although these were widely seen to presage a "federal Europe", the focus of constitutional debate shifted to the later 2007 Treaty of Lisbon. In the wake of the Eurozone debt crisis unfolding from 2009, the most enduring reference to the Maastricht Treaty has been to the rules of compliance – the "Maastricht criteria" – for the currency union.
Against the background of the end of the Cold War and the re-unification of Germany, and in anticipation of accelerated globalisation, the treaty negotiated tensions between member states seeking deeper integration and those wishing to retain greater national control. The resulting compromise faced what was to be the first in a series of EU treaty ratification crises."
[{2020-12-01} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastricht_Treaty]
article of EulTeu
description::
· 55 articles.
· article-54: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:12016M054,
name::
* McsEngl.EulTeu'article,
EulTreaty.{1987}-Single-European-Act
description::
"Signed: 17 February 1986 (Luxembourg) / 28 February 1986 (The Hague)
Entered into force: 1 July 1987
Purpose: to reform the institutions in preparation for Portugal and Spain's membership and speed up decision-making in preparation for the single market.
Main changes: extension of qualified majority voting in the Council (making it harder for a single country to veto proposed legislation), creation of the cooperation and assent procedures, giving Parliament more influence."
[{2020-12-01} https://europa.eu/european-union/law/treaties_en]
name::
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.{1987}-Single-European-Act,
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.Single-European-Act-{1987},
* McsEngl.Single-European-Act-{1987},
addressWpg::
* https://europa.eu/european-union/sites/europaeu/files/docs/body/treaties_establishing_the_european_communities_single_european_act_en.pdf,
EulTreaty.{1985}-accession-of-Spain-Portugal
description::
·
name::
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.{1985}-accession-of-Spain-Portugal,
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.accession-of-Spain-Portugal-{1985},
EulTreaty.{1979}-accession-of-Greece
description::
·
name::
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.{1979}-accession-of-Greece,
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.accession-of-Greece-{1979},
EulTreaty.{1972}-accession-of-Denmark-Ireland-United-Kingdom
description::
·
name::
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.{1972}-accession-of-Denmark-Ireland-United-Kingdom,
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.accession-of-Denmark-Ireland-United-Kingdom-{1972},
EulTreaty.{1967}-Merger|Brussels
description::
"Signed: 8 April 1965
Entered into force: 1 July 1967
Purpose: to streamline the European institutions.
Main changes: creation of a single Commission and a single Council to serve the then three European Communities (EEC, Euratom, ECSC). Repealed by the Treaty of Amsterdam."
[{2020-12-01} https://europa.eu/european-union/law/treaties_en]
name::
* McsEngl.Brussels-treaty,
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.{1967}-Merger|Brussels,
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.Merger|Brussels,
* McsEngl.Merger-treaty,
addressWpg::
* https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:11965F/TXT&locale=en,
EulTreaty.{1958|1993|2009}-on-the-functioning-of-the-EU
description::
· founding-treaty: Treaty-on-the-Functioning-of-the-European-Union.
· {2009} renamed as 'Treaty-on-the-Functioning-of-the-European-Union' by the-Treaty-of-Lisbon.
· {1993} renamed as 'Treaty-establishing-the-European-Community' by the-Treaty-of-Maastricht.
· {1958} entered into force as 'Treaty-establishing-the-European-Economic-Community',
* McsEngl.{socEusa'1958}-lawEu-Treaty-establishing-the-European-Economic-Community,
name::
* McsEngl.EulTfeu,
* McsEngl.EulTfeu!=treaty-on-functioning-of-Eu,
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.{1958}-establishing-the-European-Economic-Community!⇒EulTfeu,
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.establishing-the-European-Economic-Community-{1957}!⇒EulTfeu,
* McsEngl.European-Economic-Community-treaty!⇒EulTfeu,
* McsEngl.TEC!⇒EulTfeu,
* McsEngl.TEC!=Treaty-establishing-the-European-Community,
* McsEngl.TEEC!=Treaty-establishing-the-European-Economic-Community,
* McsEngl.TFEU!⇒EulTfeu,
* McsEngl.TFEU!=Treaty-on-the-functioning-of-the-EU,
* McsEngl.Treaty-establishing-the-European-Economic-Community!⇒EulTfeu,
* McsEngl.Treaty-of-Rome!⇒EulTfeu,
* McsEngl.Treaty-on-the-functioning-of-the-EU!⇒EulTfeu,
descriptionLong::
"Signed: 25 March 1957
Entered into force: 1 January 1958
Purpose: to set up the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom).
Main changes: extension of European integration to include general economic cooperation."
[{2020-12-01} https://europa.eu/european-union/law/treaties_en]
info-resource of EulTfeu
description::
* {2010}-consolidated: dirHitp/HitpStnlawEus001.last.html,
* http://data.europa.eu/eli/treaty/tfeu_2010/oj,
* http://data.europa.eu/eli/treaty/tfeu_2012/oj,
* http://data.europa.eu/eli/treaty/tfeu_2016/oj,
* https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/treaty/tfeu_2016/2020-03-01
* https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/treaty/teec/sign,
* https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:C:2012:326:TOC,
* https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:C:2012:326:FULL&from=EN,
* https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:11957E&locale=en,
name::
* McsEngl.EulTfeu'Infrsc,
EulTfeu'{1958}-establishing-the-European-Economic-Community
EulTreaty.{1958}-establishing-the-European-Atomic-Energy-Community
description::
· founding-treaty: Treaty-establishing-the-European-Atomic-Energy-Community.
name::
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.{1957}-establishing-the-European-Atomic-Energy-Community,
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.establishing-the-European-Atomic-Energy-Community-{1957},
* McsEngl.European-Atomic-Energy-Community-treaty,
* McsEngl.TEAEC,
* McsEngl.Treaty-establishing-the-European-Atomic-Energy-Community,
addressWpg::
* https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:C:2016:203:TOC,
descriptionLong::
"Signed: 25 March 1957
Entered into force: 1 January 1958
Purpose: to set up the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom).
Main changes: extension of European integration to include general economic cooperation."
[{2020-12-01} https://europa.eu/european-union/law/treaties_en]
EulTreaty.{1952..2002}-establishing-the-European-Coal-and-Steel-Community
description::
· founding-treaty: Treaty-establishing-the-European-Coal-and-Steel-Community.
===
"Signed: 18 April 1951
Entered into force: 23 July 1952
Expired: 23 July 2002
Purpose: to create interdependence in coal and steel so that one country could no longer mobilise its armed forces without others knowing. This eased distrust and tensions after WWII. The ECSC treaty expired in 2002."
[{2020-12-01} https://europa.eu/european-union/law/treaties_en]
* McsEngl.{socEusa'1952}-lawEus-ECSC-treaty-inforce,
name::
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.{1952}-establishing-the-European-Coal-and-Steel-Community,
* McsEngl.EulTreaty.establishing-the-European-Coal-and-Steel-Community-{1951},
* McsEngl.European-Coal-and-Steel-Community-treaty,
* McsEngl.Treaty-establishing-the-European-Coal-and-Steel-Community,
addressWpg::
* https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:11951K/TXT&locale=en,
lawEus.primary-010
description::
"The European Union is based on the rule of law.
This means that every action taken by the EU is founded on treaties that have been approved democratically by its members.
EU laws help to achieve the objectives of the EU treaties and put EU policies into practice.
There are two main types of EU law – primary and secondary."
[{2021-02-04} https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/law-making-process/types-eu-law_en]
name::
* McsEngl.EulPrimary,
* McsEngl.lawEus.010-primary!⇒EulPrimary,
* McsEngl.lawEus.primary!⇒EulPrimary,
* McsEngl.primary-lawEus!⇒EulPrimary,
descriptionLong::
"Primary versus secondary law
Every action taken by the EU is founded on the treaties. These binding agreements between EU member countries set out EU objectives, rules for EU institutions, how decisions are made and the relationship between the EU and its members.
Treaties are the starting point for EU law and are known in the EU as primary law.
The body of law that comes from the principles and objectives of the treaties is known as secondary law; and includes regulations, directives, decisions, recommendations and opinions."
[{2021-02-04} https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/law-making-process/types-eu-law_en]
EulPrimary.SPECIFIC
description::
* treaties,
* Charter-of-fundamental-rights,
* general-princilples-of-constitutional-law,
[{2020-11-30} https://op.europa.eu/webpub/com/abc-of-eu-law/en/]
name::
* McsEngl.EulPrimary.specific,
EulPrimary.Charter-of-fundamental-rights
description::
· primary-law: Charter-of-fundamental-rights-of-the-European-union.
· it was-created by the-European-Convention on {2000-10-02}.
· it was formally proclaimed by the-European-Council on {2000-12-07} in Nice.
· it gained the same legal-value as the-treaties since the-Treaty-of-Lisbon entered into force on {2009-12-01}.
* McsEngl.{socEusa'2009-12-01}-lawEus-Charter-of-fundamental-rights-inforce,
name::
* McsEngl.EulTcfr,
* McsEngl.EulTcfr!=Charter-of-fundamental-rights-of-the-European-union,
* McsEngl.Charter-of-fundamental-rights-of-the-European-union!⇒EulTcfr,
* McsEngl.lawEus.025-Charter-of-fundamental-rights-of-Eu!⇒EulTcfr,
* McsEngl.lawEus.Charter-of-fundamental-rights-of-Eu!⇒EulTcfr,
====== langoGreek:
* McsElln.ΧΆΡΤΗΣ-ΤΩΝ-ΘΕΜΕΛΙΩΔΏΝ-ΔΙΚΑΙΩΜΆΤΩΝ-ΤΗΣ-ΕΥΡΩΠΑΪΚΉΣ-ΈΝΩΣΗΣ!=EulTcfr,
application of EulTcfr
description::
"When the charter is used
The terms of the charter are addressed to
* the institutions and bodies of the EU
* national authorities only when they are implementing EU law
For example, the charter applies when EU countries adopt or apply a national law implementing an EU directive or when their authorities apply an EU regulation directly.
In cases where the charter does not apply, the protection of fundamental rights is guaranteed under the constitutions or constitutional traditions of EU countries and international conventions they have ratified.
The charter does not extend the scope of the EU to matters not part of its normal remit."
[{2020-12-03} https://ec.europa.eu/info/aid-development-cooperation-fundamental-rights/your-rights-eu/eu-charter-fundamental-rights/when-does-charter-apply_en]
name::
* McsEngl.EulTcfr'application,
EU-Agency-for-Fundamental-Rights of EulTcfr
description::
"The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights was established in 2007 to provide assistance and expertise relating to fundamental rights to EU institutions, bodies, offices and agencies, and to EU countries when they implement EU law.
The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights was established under Council Regulation (EC) No 168/2007.
The main task of the agency is to collect and publish relevant, objective, reliable and comparable information and data on the situation of fundamental rights in all EU countries within the scope of EU law. The agency also promotes dialogue with civil society in order to raise public awareness of fundamental rights and disseminate its work. "
[{2020-12-03} https://ec.europa.eu/info/aid-development-cooperation-fundamental-rights/your-rights-eu/eu-charter-fundamental-rights/application-charter/role-fundamental-rights-agency_en]
name::
* McsEngl.EU-Agency-for-Fundamental-Rights!⇒EuoFra,
* McsEngl.EulTcfr'Agency-for-Fundamental-Rights!⇒EuoFra,
* McsEngl.EuoFra,
* McsEngl.EuoFra!=Fundamental-Rights-Agency-of-Eu,
* McsEngl.FRA!=Fundamental-Rights-Agency-of-Eu,
info-resource of EulTcfr
description::
* inforce: {2012}-,
* Eng|Ell: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN-EL/TXT/?uri=CELEX:12012P/TXT,
* {2010-03-30}-https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2010:083:0389:0403:EN:PDF,
* {2000-12-18}-https://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/pdf/text_en.pdf,
* https://ec.europa.eu/info/aid-development-cooperation-fundamental-rights/your-rights-eu/eu-charter-fundamental-rights_en,
* https://ec.europa.eu/info/aid-development-cooperation-fundamental-rights/your-rights-eu/eu-charter-fundamental-rights/application-charter/eu-strategy-implementation-charter_en,
name::
* McsEngl.EulTcfr'Infrsc,
evoluting of EulTcfr
description::
* McsEngl.EulTcfr'inforce,
* https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/treaty/char_2010/oj,
* HitpStnlawEus004.last.html,
* https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/treaty/char_2012/oj,
* https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/treaty/char_2016/oj,
* https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.C_.2016.202.01.0389.01.ENG,
lawEus.primaryNo-002
description::
"The ‘secondary legislation’ is the third major source of Community law after the treaties (primary legislation) and international agreements. It can be defined as the totality of the legislative instruments adopted by the European institutions pursuant to the provisions of the treaties. Secondary legislation comprises the binding legal instruments (regulations, directives and decisions) and non-binding instruments (resolutions, opinions) provided for in the EC Treaty, together with a whole series of other instruments such as the institutions’ internal regulations and Community action programmes.
The legal instruments associated with the second and third pillars, which do not, strictly speaking, form part of secondary legislation since they continue to be governed by intergovernmental relations, have been included in this category for reasons of proper documentation."
[{2010-02-14} http://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/droit_communautaire/droit_communautaire.htm]
===
"Law made by the Union institutions through exercising the powers conferred on them is referred to as secondary legislation, the second important source of EU law.
It consists of legislative acts, delegated acts, implementing acts and other legal acts."
[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/editorial/OA8107147C_002.pdf, p81]
name::
* McsEngl.EulSecondary,
* McsEngl.lawEus.002-primaryNo!⇒EulSecondary,
* McsEngl.lawEus.primaryNo!⇒EulSecondary,
* McsEngl.lawEus.secondary!⇒EulSecondary,
specific-tree-of-EulSecondary::
* LEGISLATIVE-ACTS,
** regulations,
** directives,
** decisions,
* NON-LEGISLATIVE-ACTS,
** simple-legal-instruments,
** delegated-acts,
** implementing-acts,
* NON-BINDING-INSTRUMENTS,
** recommendations,
** opinions,
* NON-LEGAL-ACTS,
** interinstitutional-agreements,
** resolutions,
** declarations,
** action-programmes,
[{2020-11-30} https://op.europa.eu/webpub/com/abc-of-eu-law/en/]
===
* BINDING-LEGAL-INSTRUMENT
** REGULATION
** DIRECTIVE
** DECISION
* NON-BINDING-LEGAL-INSTRUMENT
** RESOLUTION
** OPINION
* INSTITUTION'S-INTERNAL-REGULATION
* COMMUNITY-ACTION-PROGRAM
EulSecondary.legislative-act-011
description::
"‘Legislative acts’ are legal acts adopted by ordinary or special legislative procedure (Article 289 TFEU)."
[{2020-11-30} https://op.europa.eu/webpub/com/abc-of-eu-law/en/]
name::
* McsEngl.EulLegislative,
* McsEngl.lawEus.011-legislative-act!⇒EulLegislative,
* McsEngl.lawEus.legislative-act!⇒EulLegislative,
in-force of EulLegislative
description::
"Legislative acts are published in the Official Journal of the European Union, L series (L = legislation). They enter into force on the date specified in them or, if no date is specified, on the 20th day following their publication.
... Legislative acts which specify to whom they are addressed are notified to those to whom they are addressed and take effect upon such notification."
name::
* McsEngl.EulLegislative'in-force,
EulSecondary.legislativeNo-012
description::
"non-legislative acts (simple legal instruments, delegated acts, implementing acts),"
[{2020-12-03} https://op.europa.eu/webpub/com/abc-of-eu-law/en/]
name::
* McsEngl.EulLegislativeNo,
* McsEngl.lawEus.012-non-legislative-act!⇒EulLegislativeNo,
* McsEngl.lawEus.non-legislative-act!⇒EulLegislativeNo,
* McsEngl.lawEus.legislativeNo-act!⇒EulLegislativeNo,
* McsEngl.non-legislative-act-of-Eu!⇒EulLegislativeNo,
* McsEngl.regulatory-act-of-Eu!⇒EulLegislativeNo,
descriptionLong::
"The meaning of ‘regulatory acts’ is problematic, however. When interpreted restrictively, the term is understood to refer only to acts of general application that are not legislative acts, whereas when interpreted broadly, it is understood to encompass all acts of general application, including legislative acts. In its judgment in the Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami case, the General Court dealt with both these approaches in detail and, based on a grammatical, historical and teleological interpretation, concluded that ‘regulatory acts’ can be regarded only as acts of general application that are not legislative acts.
In addition to delegated acts (cf. Article 290 TFEU) and implementing acts (cf. Article 291 TFEU), these also encompass directives, provided that they are directly applicable according to the case-law, and decisions of an abstract and general nature, provided that they were not adopted in the legislative procedure."
[{2020-12-09} https://op.europa.eu/webpub/com/abc-of-eu-law/en/#chap6]
EulSecondary.binding-016
description::
· imposing legal-obligation on those to whom it is-addressed.
name::
* McsEngl.EulBinding,
* McsEngl.EulSecondary.binding!⇒EulBinding,
* McsEngl.lawEus.016-binding!⇒EulBinding,
* McsEngl.lawEus.binding!⇒EulBinding,
EulSecondary.bindingNo-017
description::
· without imposing any legal-obligation on those to whom it is-addressed.
name::
* McsEngl.EulBindingNo,
* McsEngl.EulSecondary.bindingNo!⇒EulBindingNo,
* McsEngl.lawEus.017-bindingNo!⇒EulBindingNo,
* McsEngl.lawEus.bindingNo!⇒EulBindingNo,
specific-tree-of-EulBindingNo::
* recommendation,
* opinion,
publication of EulBindingNo
description::
"There is no obligation to publish and communicate non-binding instruments, but they are usually also published in the Official Journal (‘information and notices’)."
[{2020-12-06} https://op.europa.eu/webpub/com/abc-of-eu-law/en/]
name::
* McsEngl.EulBindingNo'publication,
EulSecondary.non-legal-act-026
description::
"not legal acts (e.g. interinstitutional agreements, resolutions, declarations, action programmes)"
name::
* McsEngl.EulSecondary.non-legal-act,
* McsEngl.lawEus.026-non-legal-act,
* McsEngl.lawEus.non-legal-act,
EulSecondary.regulation-018
description::
"The legal acts that enable the Union institutions to impinge furthest on the domestic legal systems are the regulations."
[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/editorial/OA8107147C_002.pdf, p88]
name::
* McsEngl.EulRegulation,
* McsEngl.EulSecondary.regulation!⇒EulRegulation,
* McsEngl.lawEus.018-regulation!⇒EulRegulation,
* McsEngl.lawEus.regulation!⇒EulRegulation,
* McsEngl.regulation:lawEus!⇒EulRegulation,
====== langoGreek:
* McsElln.κανονισμός-ΕΕ!=EulRegulation,
===
* Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046,
* EU Regulation 910/2014 of 23 July 2014 on electronic identification and repeals directive 1999/93/EC,
* Regulation (EU) No 1296/2013,
* Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 966/2012,
* Regulation 139/2004 of 20 January 2004 on the control of concentrations between undertakings,
* Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2001 regarding public access to European Parliament, Council and Commission documents,
* Council Regulation (EEC) No 3037/90,
* Council Regulation (EEC) No. 1365/75 of 26 May 1975,
generic-tree-of-EulRegulation::
* binding-legal-instrument-of-Eu,
EulSecondary.directive-019
description::
"* a regulation, which is a directly applicable law;
* a directive, which constitutes a framework of objectives which a national law must be based on to meet the stated aims; and
* a decision which applies only to a particular issue."
[{2010-02-11} http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_the_European_Union]
name::
* McsEngl.EulDirective, /diréktiv/,
* McsEngl.EulSecondary.directive!⇒EulDirective,
* McsEngl.lawEus.019-directive!⇒EulDirective,
* McsEngl.lawEus.directive!⇒EulDirective,
* McsEngl.directive:lawEus!⇒EulDirective,
====== langoGreek:
* McsElln.ντιρεκτίβα-ΕΕ!=EulDirective,
* McsElln.οδηγία-ΕΕ!=EulDirective,
===
* Electronic Signatures Directive 1999/93/EC,
generic-tree-of-EulDirective::
* binding-legal-instrument-of-Eu,
Eli-address of EulDirective
description::
* https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2012/27/oj, Directive 2012/27/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency,
* http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/1989/391/2008-12-11, Consolidated text: Council Directive of 12 June 1989 on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers at work (89/391/EEC),
name::
* McsEngl.EulDirective'Eli-address,
EulDirective.SPECIFIC
description::
* Directive 2012/27/EU,
* Directive 93/104/EC,
* Directive 76/207/EEC,
name::
* McsEngl.EulDirective.specific,
EulSecondary.decision-020
description::
"* a regulation, which is a directly applicable law;
* a directive, which constitutes a framework of objectives which a national law must be based on to meet the stated aims; and
* a decision which applies only to a particular issue."
[{2010-02-11} http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_the_European_Union]
name::
* McsEngl.EulDecision,
* McsEngl.EulSecondary.decision!⇒EulDecision,
* McsEngl.lawEus.020-decision!⇒EulDecision,
* McsEngl.lawEus.decision!⇒EulDecision,
* McsEngl.decision:lawEus!⇒EulDecision,
====== langoGreek:
* McsElln.απόφαση-ΕΕ!=EulDecision,
generic-tree-of-::
* binding-legal-instrument-of-Eu,
EulSecondary.simple-legal-instrument-021
description::
·
name::
* McsEngl.EulSecondary.simple-legal-instrument!⇒EulSlit,
* McsEngl.EulSlit,
* McsEngl.EulSlin!=simple-legal-instrument,
* McsEngl.lawEus.021-simple-legal-instrument!⇒EulSlit,
* McsEngl.lawEus.simple-legal-instrument!⇒EulSlit,
* McsEngl.simple-legal-instrument:lawEus!⇒EulSlit,
generic-tree-of-EulSlit::
* non-legislative-act-of-Eu,
EulSecondary.delegated-act-013
description::
"‘Delegated acts’ (Article 290 TFEU) are non-legislative acts of general and binding application to supplement or amend certain non-essential elements of a legislative act. They are adopted by the Commission;"
[{2020-11-30} https://op.europa.eu/webpub/com/abc-of-eu-law/en/]
name::
* McsEngl.EulDelegated,
* McsEngl.lawEus.013-delegated-act!⇒EulDelegated,
* McsEngl.lawEus.delegated-act!⇒EulDelegated,
* McsEngl.delegated-act:lawEus!⇒EulDelegated,
generic-tree-of-EulDelegated::
* non-legislative-act-of-Eu,
EulSecondary.implementing-act-022
description::
·
name::
* McsEngl.EulImplementing,
* McsEngl.EulSecondary.implementing-act!⇒EulImplementing,
* McsEngl.lawEus.022-implementing-act!⇒EulImplementing,
* McsEngl.lawEus.implementing-act!⇒EulImplementing,
* McsEngl.implementing-act:lawEus!⇒EulImplementing,
generic-tree-of-::
* non-legislative-act-of-Eu,
EulSecondary.recommedation-023
description::
·
name::
* McsEngl.EulRecommedation,
* McsEngl.EulSecondary.recommedation!⇒EulRecommedation,
* McsEngl.lawEus.023-recommedation!⇒EulRecommedation,
* McsEngl.lawEus.recommedation!⇒EulRecommedation,
* McsEngl.recommedation:lawEus!⇒EulRecommedation,
====== langoGreek:
* McsElln.σύσταση-ΕΕ!=EulRecommedation,
generic-tree-of-::
* non-binding-lawEu,
EulSecondary.opinion-024
description::
·
name::
* McsEngl.EulOpinion,
* McsEngl.EulSecondary.opinion!⇒EulOpinion,
* McsEngl.lawEus.024-opinion!⇒EulOpinion,
* McsEngl.lawEus.opinion!⇒EulOpinion,
* McsEngl.opinion:lawEus!⇒EulOpinion,
====== langoGreek:
* McsElln.γνώμη-ΕΕ!=EulOpinion,
generic-tree-of-::
* non-binding-lawEu,
EulSecondary.action-programme-027
description::
"Action programmes:
these programmes are drawn up by the Council and the Commission on their own initiative or at the instigation of the European Council and serve to put into practice the legislative programmes and general objectives laid down in the Treaties.
If a programme is specifically provided for in the Treaties, the Union institutions are bound by those provisions when planning it.
In the Union, these programmes are published in the form of White Papers.
On the other hand, other programmes are in practice merely regarded as general guidelines with no legally binding efect.
they are, however, an indication of the Union institutions’ intended actions.
Such programmes are published in the Union as Green Papers.
[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/editorial/OA8107147C_002.pdf, p97]"
name::
* McsEngl.EulSecondary.action-programme,
* McsEngl.action-programme-of-Eu,
* McsEngl.lawEus.027-action-programme,
* McsEngl.lawEus.action-programme,
* McsEngl.action-programme:lawEus,
generic-tree-of-::
* non-legal-act-of-Eu,
EulSecondary.declaration-028
description::
·
name::
* McsEngl.EulDeclaration,
* McsEngl.EulSecondary.declaration!⇒EulDeclaration,
* McsEngl.lawEus.028-declaration!⇒EulDeclaration,
* McsEngl.lawEus.declaration!⇒EulDeclaration,
* McsEngl.declaration:lawEus!⇒EulDeclaration,
====== langoGreek:
* McsElln.δήλωση-ΕΕ!=EulDeclaration,
generic-tree-of-::
* non-legal-act-of-Eu,
EulSecondary.interinstitutional-agreement-029
description::
·
name::
* McsEngl.EulSecondary.interinstitutional-agreement!⇒EulInta,
* McsEngl.EulInta,
* McsEngl.EulInta!=interinstitutional-agreement,
* McsEngl.lawEus.029-interinstitutional-agreement!⇒EulInta,
* McsEngl.lawEus.interinstitutional-agreement!⇒EulInta,
* McsEngl.interinstitutional-agreement:lawEus!⇒EulInta,
generic-tree-of-::
* non-legal-act-of-Eu,
Celex-sector-number of EulInta
description::
· 2.
name::
* McsEngl.EulInta'Celex-sector-number,
EulSecondary.resolution
description::
"EU resolution overview:
A resolution is a formal expression of opinion by the European Parliament. It is a non-legislative act, meaning that it is not binding on the other EU institutions or the Member States. However, resolutions can play an important role in influencing EU policy and decision-making.
Resolutions can be adopted on a wide range of topics, including:
* **EU policy and legislation:** Resolutions can be used to express the Parliament's support for or opposition to proposed EU legislation, or to call for specific amendments.
* **Human rights and democracy:** The Parliament frequently adopts resolutions on human rights and democracy issues around the world, condemning abuses and calling for action to be taken.
* **The EU budget:** The Parliament has the final say on the EU budget, and resolutions can be used to set out its priorities and demands.
* **Other issues:** Resolutions can also be used to express the Parliament's views on a wide range of other issues, such as climate change, trade, and foreign policy.
Resolutions are typically drafted by one or more committees of the Parliament, and are then put to a vote in the full plenary session. To be adopted, a resolution must be supported by a majority of MEPs present and voting.
Some notable examples of EU resolutions include:
* The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, which was adopted as a resolution by the Parliament in 2000 and became a legally binding part of the EU treaties in 2009.
* The resolution on the Paris Agreement on climate change, which was adopted by the Parliament in 2016 and called for the EU to take ambitious action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
* The resolution on the recognition of Juan Guaidó as President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, which was adopted by the Parliament in 2019.
EU resolutions can be a powerful tool for the European Parliament to hold the other EU institutions to account and to influence EU policy. They can also play an important role in promoting human rights and democracy around the world.
Here are some of the key EU resolutions that have been adopted in recent months:
* **Resolution on the implementation and delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)** (June 2022): This resolution calls on the EU and its Member States to step up their efforts to achieve the SDGs, and sets out specific targets and recommendations in a number of areas, including climate change, poverty, and inequality.
* **Resolution on the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030: Bringing nature back into our lives** (June 2022): This resolution welcomes the EU's new Biodiversity Strategy, and calls for ambitious action to protect and restore nature.
* **Resolution on the EU's response to the war in Ukraine** (March 2022): This resolution condemns Russia's invasion of Ukraine and calls on the EU to provide humanitarian assistance to Ukraine and to impose tough sanctions on Russia.
These are just a few examples of the many EU resolutions that are adopted each year. Resolutions play an important role in shaping EU policy and in promoting the EU's values and interests around the world."
[{2023-10-09 retrieved} https://bard.google.com/chat/6f29a089acf52800]
name::
* McsEngl.EulResolution,
* McsEngl.EulSecondary.resolution!⇒EulResolution,
* McsEngl.lawEus.030-resolution!⇒EulResolution,
* McsEngl.lawEus.resolution!⇒EulResolution,
* McsEngl.resolution:lawEus!⇒EulResolution,
====== langoGreek:
* McsElln.ψήφισμα!το!=EulResolution,
generic-tree-of-::
* non-legal-act-of-Eu,
lawEus.internal-003
description::
"The ‘secondary legislation’ is the third major source of Community law after the treaties (primary legislation) and international agreements."
[{2010-02-14} http://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/droit_communautaire/droit_communautaire.htm]
name::
* McsEngl.EulInternal,
* McsEngl.lawEus.003-internal!⇒EulInternal,
* McsEngl.lawEus.internal!⇒EulInternal,
EulInternal.spec-div.importance
description::
* primary-law,
* secondary-law,
name::
* McsEngl.lawEus.007-specifics-division.importance,
* McsEngl.EulInternal.spec-div.importance,
lawEus.internalNo-004
description::
"The ‘secondary legislation’ is the third major source of Community law after the treaties (primary legislation) and international agreements."
[{2010-02-14} http://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/droit_communautaire/droit_communautaire.htm]
===
"INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS OF THE EU
A third source of Union law is connected with the EU’s role at the international level.
As one of the focal points of the world, Europe cannot conine itself to managing its own internal afairs; it has to concern itself with economic, social and political relations with the world outside.
The EU therefore concludes agreements in international law with non-member countries (‘third countries’) and with other international organisations; these range from treaties providing for extensive cooperation in trade or in the industrial, technical and social fields, to agreements on trade in particular products.
Three kinds of agreement between the EU and non-member countries are particularly worth mentioning.
- Association agreements
- Cooperation agreements
- Trade agreements"
[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/editorial/OA8107147C_002.pdf, p82]
name::
* McsEngl.EulExternal,
* McsEngl.international-agreement-of-Eu!⇒EulExternal,
* McsEngl.lawEus.004-internalNo!⇒EulExternal,
* McsEngl.lawEus.internalNo!⇒EulExternal,
* McsEngl.lawEus.international-agreement!⇒EulExternal,
EulExternal.association-agreement
description::
"Association goes far beyond the mere regulation of trade policy and involves close economic cooperation and wide-ranging financial assistance from the EU for the country concerned (Article 217 TFEU). A distinction may be drawn between three different types of association agreement."
[{2020-12-05} https://op.europa.eu/webpub/com/abc-of-eu-law/en/]
name::
* McsEngl.EulExternal.association-agreement,
EulExternal.cooperation-agreement
description::
"Cooperation agreements are not as far reaching as association agreements, being aimed solely at intensive economic cooperation. The EU has such agreements with the Maghreb states (Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia), the Mashreq States (Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria) and Israel, for instance."
[{2020-12-05} https://op.europa.eu/webpub/com/abc-of-eu-law/en/]
name::
* McsEngl.EulExternal.cooperation-agreement,
EulExternal.trade-agreement
description::
"The Union also has a considerable number of trade agreements with individual non-member states, with groupings of such countries or within international trade organisations relating to tariffs and trade policy. The most important international trade agreements are: the Agreement establishing the World Trade Organisation (WTO Agreement) and the multilateral trade agreements deriving from it, including in particular the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1994); the Anti-dumping and Subsidies Code; the General Agreement on Trade in Services; the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights; and the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes. However, bilateral free trade agreements have increasingly been gaining ground over multilateral agreements. Owing to the tremendous difficulties inherent in concluding multilateral liberalisation agreements within the framework of the WTO, for instance, all the trading powers, including the EU, have turned to concluding bilateral free trade agreements. The most recent examples are the successful conclusion of the negotiations with Canada (CETA — Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement) and Singapore, along with the ongoing negotiations with the United States (TTIP — Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership) and Japan."
[{2020-12-05} https://op.europa.eu/webpub/com/abc-of-eu-law/en/]
name::
* McsEngl.EulExternal.trade-agreement,
lawEus.written-(legal-instrument)-005
description::
"legal acts:
* binding legal instruments (regulations, directives and decisions)
* non-binding instruments (resolutions, opinions)
* other instruments (EU institutions’ internal regulations, EU action programmes, etc.)"
[{2020-11-25} https://eur-lex.europa.eu/collection/eu-law/legislation/recent.html]
name::
* McsEngl.EulAct,
* McsEngl.EulAct!=written-lawEus,
* McsEngl.lawEus.005-legal-instrument!⇒EulAct,
* McsEngl.lawEus.legal-act!⇒EulAct,
* McsEngl.lawEus.legal-instrument!⇒EulAct,
* McsEngl.lawEus.written!⇒EulAct,
* McsEngl.legal-act-of-Eu!⇒EulAct,
* McsEngl.legal-instrument-of-Eu!⇒EulAct,
EulAct.spec-div.medium-001
description::
* printed-EulAct,
* electronic-EulAct,
** Html-file-EulAct,
** Pdf-file-EulAct,
** text-file-EulAct,
name::
* McsEngl.EulAct.001-specifics-division.medium,
* McsEngl.EulAct.spec-div.medium,
EulAct.Pdf-file-002
description::
·
name::
* McsEngl.EulAct.002-Pdf-file!⇒EulPdf,
* McsEngl.EulAct.Pdf-file!⇒EulPdf,
* McsEngl.EulPdf,
* McsEngl.lawEus.Pdf-file!⇒EulPdf,
lawEus.writtenNo-006
description::
"SOURCES OF UNWRITTEN LAW
the sources of Union law described so far share a common feature in that they all produce written law.
Like all systems of law, however, the EU legal order cannot consist entirely of written rules: there will always be gaps which have to be filled by unwritten law
- General principles of law
- Legal custom"
[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/editorial/OA8107147C_002.pdf, p85]
name::
* McsEngl.EulUnwritten,
* McsEngl.lawEus.006-writtenNo!⇒EulUnwritten,
* McsEngl.lawEus.unwritten!⇒EulUnwritten,
* McsEngl.lawEus.writtenNo!⇒EulUnwritten,
general-principles-of-law of EulUnwritten
description::
"The unwritten sources of Union law are the general principles of law. These are rules reflecting the elementary concepts of law and justice that must be respected by any legal system. Written Union law for the most part deals only with economic and social matters, and is only to a limited extent capable of laying down rules of this kind, which means that the general principles of law form one of the most important sources of law in the Union. They allow gaps to be filled and questions of the interpretation of existing law to be settled in the fairest way.
These principles are given effect when the law is applied, particularly in the judgments of the Court of Justice, which is responsible for ensuring that ‘in the interpretation and application of the Treaty the law is observed’. The main points of reference for determining the general principles of law are the principles common to the legal orders of the Member States. They provide the background against which the EU rules needed for solving a problem can be developed.
Alongside the principles of autonomy, direct applicability and the primacy of Union law, other legal principles include the guarantee of basic rights (at least for Poland and the United Kingdom, which are not subject to the Charter of Fundamental Rights due to an opt-out), the principle of proportionality (which has actually been regulated by a positive provision in Article 5(4) TEU), the protection of legitimate expectations, the right to a proper hearing and the principle that the Member States are liable for infringements of Union law."
[{2020-12-05} https://op.europa.eu/webpub/com/abc-of-eu-law/en/]
name::
* McsEngl.EulUnwritten'general-principles-of-law,
* McsEngl.general-principles-of-law-of-EulUnwritten,
legal-custom of EulUnwritten
description::
"Unwritten Union law also encompasses legal custom. This is understood to mean a practice which has been followed and accepted and thus become legally established, and which adds to or modifies primary or secondary legislation. The possible establishment of legal custom in Union law is acknowledged in principle. There are considerable limitations on its becoming established in the context of Union law, however. The first hurdle is the existence of a special procedure for the amendment of the treaties (Article 54 TEU). This does not rule out the possible emergence of legal custom, but it does make the criteria according to which a practice is deemed to have been followed and accepted for a substantial period much harder to meet. Another hurdle to the establishment of legal custom in the Union institutions is the fact that any action by an institution may derive its validity only from the treaties, and not from that institution’s actual conduct or any intention on its part to create legal relations. This means that, at the level of the treaties, legal custom can under no circumstances be established by the Union institutions; at most, only the Member States can do this — and then only subject to the stringent conditions mentioned above. Procedures and practices followed and accepted as part of the law by Union institutions may, however, be drawn on when interpreting the legal rules laid down by them, which might alter the legal implications and scope of the legal act concerned. However, the conditions and limitations arising from primary Union legislation must also be borne in mind here."
[{2020-12-05} https://op.europa.eu/webpub/com/abc-of-eu-law/en/]
name::
* McsEngl.EulUnwritten'legal-custom,
* McsEngl.legal-custom-of-EulUnwritten,
lawEus.case-009
description::
"All the decisions handed down by bodies exercising judicial powers constitute case-law.
[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/droit_communautaire/droit_communautaire.htm]"
name::
* McsEngl.Eu'case-law!⇒EulCase,
* McsEngl.EulCase,
* McsEngl.lawEus.009-case!⇒EulCase,
* McsEngl.lawEus.case!⇒EulCase,
Celex-sector-number of EulCase
description::
· 6.
name::
* McsEngl.EulCase'Celex-sector-number,
lawEus.consolidated-010
description::
"Consolidation consists of incorporating into a single text, with no official authenticity, a basic instrument (a Treaty or piece of Community legislation) and the amendments and corrections subsequently made to it. A consolidated version of the Treaty establishing the European Community is available in EUR-Lex.
All the secondary legislation in force has been consolidated and can be consulted in EUR-Lex. These texts are intended to be used purely for documentation purposes, and the institutions do not accept any liability for their content.
On the basis of consolidated texts, the Commission may undertake a legislative consolidation (êùäéêïðïßçóç) or recasting (áíáäéáôýðùóç). Legislative consolidation consists of getting the consolidated text, with a certain amount of redrafting, adopted through a legislative procedure. The new text is then published in the Official Journal as a legislative instrument and becomes authentic.
The Commission can also take the initiative of recasting a text where it considers it necessary to thoroughly overhaul the legislation in a particular field. In that case it launches a new legislative procedure."
[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/droit_communautaire/droit_communautaire.htm]
name::
* McsEngl.EulConsd,
* McsEngl.EulConsd!=consolidated,
* McsEngl.lawEus.consolidated!⇒EulConsd,
Celex-sector-nuber of EulConsd
description::
· 0.
name::
* McsEngl.EulConsd'Celex-sector-number,
lawEus.in-force-014
description::
·
name::
* McsEngl.EulInforce,
* McsEngl.lawEus.014-in-force!⇒EulInforce,
* McsEngl.lawEus.in-force!⇒EulInforce,
====== langoGreek:
* McsElln.σε-ισχύ-δίκαιο-ΕΕ!=EulInforce,
lawEus.in-forceNo-015
description::
·
name::
* McsEngl.EulInforceNo,
* McsEngl.lawEus.015-in-forceNo!⇒EulInforceNo,
* McsEngl.lawEus.in-forceNo!⇒EulInforceNo,
* McsEngl.lawEus.no-longer-in-force!⇒EulInforceNo,
time-of-end-of-validity of EulInforceNo
description::
· date that stoped to be in-force.
name::
* McsEngl.EulInforceNo'time-of-end-of-validity,
replaced-by of EulInforceNo
description::
· the-law that replaced it.
name::
* McsEngl.EulInforceNo'replaced-by,
lawEus.preparatory-act-and-working-doc-031
description::
·
name::
* McsEngl.EulPrep,
* McsEngl.EulPrep!=preparatory-act-and-working-doc,
* McsEngl.lawEus.031-preparatory-act-and-working-doc!⇒EulPrep,
* McsEngl.lawEus.preparatory-act-and-working-doc!⇒EulPrep,
addressWpg::
* https://europa.eu/european-union/law/decision-making/procedures_en#drafting-eu-law,
* https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say,
* https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/contribute-law-making_en,
Celex-sector-number of EulPrep
description::
· 5.
name::
* McsEngl.EulPrep'Celex-sector-number,
lawEus.summary-034
description::
"“Summaries of EU legislation” are short, easy-to-understand explanations of the main legal acts passed by the EU – intended for a general, non-specialist audience.
Most cover the main types of legislation passed by the EU: directives, regulations and decisions. But some cover other documents, such as international agreements.
The summaries are grouped into 32 policy fields, and each links to the full, official version of the act. Summaries are not available for legal acts that we consider to be:
* already sufficiently short/clear, or
* aimed exclusively at a specialist audience"
[{2020-12-09} https://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/summaries.html]
name::
* McsEngl.EulSummary,
* McsEngl.lawEus.034-summary!⇒EulSummary,
* McsEngl.lawEus.summary!⇒EulSummary,
lawEus.citizen's-initiative-035
description::
"Get a greater say in the policies that affect your lives.
The European Citizens' Initiative is a unique way for you to help shape the EU by calling on the European Commission to propose new laws.
Once an initiative has reached 1 million signatures, the Commission will decide on what action to take."
[{2020-12-17} https://europa.eu/citizens-initiative/home_en]
name::
* McsEngl.EulCitizen,
* McsEngl.citizen's-initiative-of-lawEus!⇒EulCitizen,
* McsEngl.lawEus.citizen's-initiative!⇒EulCitizen,
info-resource of EulCitizen
description::
* {2012-03-28} http://www.tanea.gr/kosmos/article/?aid=4706546,
name::
* McsEngl.EulCitizen'Infrsc,
