overview of ogmAnimal

name::
* McsEngl.filMcsOgmAnml.last.html!⇒ogmAnimal,
* McsEngl.dirOgm/filMcsOgmAnml.last.html!⇒ogmAnimal,
* McsEngl.animal!⇒ogmAnimal,
* McsEngl.ogmAnimal,
* McsEngl.ogmAnimal'(organism.animal)!⇒ogmAnimal,
* McsEngl.organism.animal!⇒ogmAnimal,
* McsEngl.metazoa!⇒ogmAnimal,

description::
"Animals (also referred to as metazoa) are multicellular eukaryotic organisms that form the biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals consume organic material, breathe oxygen, are able to move, can reproduce sexually, and grow from a hollow sphere of cells, the blastula, during embryonic development. Over 1.5 million living animal species have been described—of which around 1 million are insects—but it has been estimated there are over 7 million animal species in total. Animals range in length from 8.5 millionths of a metre to 33.6 metres (110 ft). They have complex interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The kingdom Animalia includes humans, but in colloquial use the term animal often refers only to non-human animals. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology.
Most living animal species are in the Bilateria, a clade whose members have a bilaterally symmetric body plan. The Bilateria include the protostomes—in which many groups of invertebrates are found, such as nematodes, arthropods, and molluscs—and the deuterostomes, containing both the echinoderms as well as the chordates, the latter containing the vertebrates. Life forms interpreted as early animals were present in the Ediacaran biota of the late Precambrian. Many modern animal phyla became clearly established in the fossil record as marine species during the Cambrian explosion, which began around 542 million years ago. 6,331 groups of genes common to all living animals have been identified; these may have arisen from a single common ancestor that lived 650 million years ago.
Historically, Aristotle divided animals into those with blood and those without. Carl Linnaeus created the first hierarchical biological classification for animals in 1758 with his Systema Naturae, which Jean-Baptiste Lamarck expanded into 14 phyla by 1809. In 1874, Ernst Haeckel divided the animal kingdom into the multicellular Metazoa (synonymous for Animalia) and the Protozoa, single-celled organisms no longer considered animals. In modern times, the biological classification of animals relies on advanced techniques, such as molecular phylogenetics, which are effective at demonstrating the evolutionary relationships between animal taxa.
Humans make use of many other animal species, such as for food (including meat, milk, and eggs), for materials (such as leather and wool), and also as pets, and for transports, as working animals. Dogs have been used in hunting, while many terrestrial and aquatic animals were hunted for sports. Non-human animals have appeared in art from the earliest times and are featured in mythology and religion."
[{2020-04-21} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal]

ogmAnimal.vertebrate-004

name::
* McsEngl.ogmAnimal.004-vertebrate!⇒animalVerbebrate,
* McsEngl.ogmAnimal.vertebrate-004!⇒animalVerbebrate,
* McsEngl.animalVerbebrate,

description::
"Vertebrates /ˈvɜːrtəˌbrəts/ comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata /-ə/ (chordates with backbones). Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently about 69,963 species described.[4] Vertebrates include such groups as the following:
* jawless fishes
* jawed vertebrates, which include the cartilaginous fishes (sharks, rays, and ratfish)
* tetrapods, which include amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals
* bony fishes
Extant vertebrates range in size from the frog species Paedophryne amauensis, at as little as 7.7 mm (0.30 in), to the blue whale, at up to 33 m (108 ft). Vertebrates make up less than five percent of all described animal species; the rest are invertebrates, which lack vertebral columns.
The vertebrates traditionally include the hagfish, which do not have proper vertebrae due to their loss in evolution,[5] though their closest living relatives, the lampreys, do.[6] Hagfish do, however, possess a cranium. For this reason, the vertebrate subphylum is sometimes referred to as "Craniata" when discussing morphology. Molecular analysis since 1992 has suggested that hagfish are most closely related to lampreys,[7] and so also are vertebrates in a monophyletic sense. Others consider them a sister group of vertebrates in the common taxon of craniata.[8]"
[{2020-04-22} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrate]

ogmAnimal.vertebrateNo-005

name::
* McsEngl.ogmAnimal.005-vertebrateNo!⇒animalVertebrateNo,
* McsEngl.ogmAnimal.vertebrateNo-005!⇒animalVertebrateNo,
* McsEngl.animalVertebrateNo,
* McsEngl.invertebrate!⇒animalVertebrateNo,

description::
"Invertebrates are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a backbone or spine), derived from the notochord. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata. Familiar examples of invertebrates include arthropods (insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and myriapods), mollusks (chitons, snails, bivalves, squids, and octopuses), annelids (earthworms and leeches), and cnidarians (hydras, jellyfishes, sea anemones, and corals).
The majority of animal species are invertebrates; one estimate puts the figure at 97%.[1] Many invertebrate taxa have a greater number and variety of species than the entire subphylum of Vertebrata.[2] Invertebrates vary widely in size, from 50 μm (0.002 in) rotifers[3] to the 9–10 m (30–33 ft) colossal squid.[4]
Some so-called invertebrates, such as the Tunicata and Cephalochordata are more closely related to vertebrates than to other invertebrates. This makes the invertebrates paraphyletic, so the term has little meaning in taxonomy."
[{2020-04-22} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invertebrate]

GENERIC-SPECIFIC-TREE of animalVertebrateNo

name::
* McsEngl.animalVertebrateNo'generic-specific-tree,

GENERIC-TREE of animalVertebrateNo

generic-of-animalVertebrateNo::
*

attribute-tree-of-animalVertebrateNo::
* ,

att-tree-inherited-from::
· :
* ,

att-tree-own-of-animalVertebrateNo::
* ,

SPECIFIC-TREE of animalVertebrateNo

specific-of-animalVertebrateNo::
"Invertebrates can be classified into several main categories, some of which are taxonomically obsolescent or debatable, but still used as terms of convenience. Each however appears in its own article at the following links.[52]
* Sponges (Porifera)
* Comb jellies (Ctenophora)
* Hydras, jellyfishes, sea anemones, and corals (Cnidaria)
* Starfishes, sea urchins, sea cucumbers (Echinodermata)
* Flatworms (Platyhelminthes)
* Round or threadworms (Nematoda)
* Earthworms and leeches (Annelida)
* Insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and myriapods (Arthropoda)
* Chitons, snails, bivalves, squids, and octopuses (Mollusca)"
[{2020-04-22} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invertebrate#Classification_of_invertebrates]

ogmAnimal.bilateria-006

name::
* McsEngl.bilateral-animal!⇒animalBilateria,
* McsEngl.ogmAnimal.006-bilateria!⇒animalBilateria,
* McsEngl.ogmAnimal.bilateria-006!⇒animalBilateria,
* McsEngl.animalBilateria,

description::
"The bilateria /ˌbaɪləˈtɪəriə/ or bilaterians are animals with bilateral symmetry as an embryo, i.e. having a left and a right side that are mirror images of each other. This also means they have a head and a tail (anterior-posterior axis) as well as a belly and a back (ventral-dorsal axis).[2] Nearly all are bilaterally symmetrical as adults as well; the most notable exception is the echinoderms, which achieve secondary pentaradial symmetry as adults, but are bilaterally symmetrical during embryonic development.
Most animals are bilaterians, excluding sponges, ctenophores, placozoans and cnidarians. For the most part, bilateral embryos are triploblastic, having three germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Except for a few phyla (i.e. flatworms and gnathostomulids), bilaterians have complete digestive tracts with a separate mouth and anus. Some bilaterians lack body cavities (acoelomates, i.e. Platyhelminthes, Gastrotricha and Gnathostomulida), while others display primary body cavities (deriving from the blastocoel, as pseudocoeloms) or secondary cavities (that appear de novo, for example the coelom)."
[{2020-04-22} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateria]

ogmAnimal.bilateriaNo-007

name::
* McsEngl.ogmAnimal.007-bilateriaNo!⇒animalBilateriaNo,
* McsEngl.ogmAnimal.bilateriaNo-007!⇒animalBilateriaNo,
* McsEngl.animalBilateriaNo,

description::
"Several animal phyla lack bilateral symmetry. Among these, the sponges (Porifera) probably diverged first, representing the oldest animal phylum.[105] Sponges lack the complex organization found in most other animal phyla;[106] their cells are differentiated, but in most cases not organised into distinct tissues.[107] They typically feed by drawing in water through pores.[108]
The Ctenophora (comb jellies) and Cnidaria (which includes jellyfish, sea anemones, and corals) are radially symmetric and have digestive chambers with a single opening, which serves as both mouth and anus.[109] Animals in both phyla have distinct tissues, but these are not organised into organs.[110] They are diploblastic, having only two main germ layers, ectoderm and endoderm.[111] The tiny placozoans are similar, but they do not have a permanent digestive chamber."
[{2020-04-22} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal#Non-bilaterian_animals]

ogmAnimal.amphibian-008

name::
* McsEngl.ogmAnimal.008-amphibian!⇒animalAmphibian,
* McsEngl.ogmAnimal.amphibian-008!⇒animalAmphibian,
* McsEngl.animalAmphibian,

description::
"Amphibians are ectothermic, tetrapod vertebrates of the class Amphibia. Modern amphibians are all Lissamphibia. They inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living within terrestrial, fossorial, arboreal or freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Thus amphibians typically start out as larvae living in water, but some species have developed behavioural adaptations to bypass this.
The young generally undergo metamorphosis from larva with gills to an adult air-breathing form with lungs. Amphibians use their skin as a secondary respiratory surface and some small terrestrial salamanders and frogs lack lungs and rely entirely on their skin. They are superficially similar to lizards but, along with mammals and birds, reptiles are amniotes and do not require water bodies in which to breed. With their complex reproductive needs and permeable skins, amphibians are often ecological indicators; in recent decades there has been a dramatic decline in amphibian populations for many species around the globe.
The earliest amphibians evolved in the Devonian period from sarcopterygian fish with lungs and bony-limbed fins, features that were helpful in adapting to dry land. They diversified and became dominant during the Carboniferous and Permian periods, but were later displaced by reptiles and other vertebrates. Over time, amphibians shrank in size and decreased in diversity, leaving only the modern subclass Lissamphibia.
The three modern orders of amphibians are Anura (the frogs and toads), Urodela (the salamanders), and Apoda (the caecilians). The number of known amphibian species is approximately 8,000, of which nearly 90% are frogs. The smallest amphibian (and vertebrate) in the world is a frog from New Guinea (Paedophryne amauensis) with a length of just 7.7 mm (0.30 in). The largest living amphibian is the 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in) South China giant salamander (Andrias sligoi), but this is dwarfed by the extinct 9 m (30 ft) Prionosuchus from the middle Permian of Brazil. The study of amphibians is called batrachology, while the study of both reptiles and amphibians is called herpetology."
[{2020-04-22} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibian]

ogmAnimal.mammal-012

description::
"Mammals (from Latin mamma "breast") are vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia (/məˈmeɪliə/), and characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur or hair, and three middle ear bones. These characteristics distinguish them from reptiles and birds, from which they diverged in the late Carboniferous, approximately 300 million years ago. Around 6,400 extant species of mammals have been described. The largest orders are the rodents, bats and Eulipotyphla (hedgehogs, moles, shrews, and others). The next three are the Primates (apes including humans, monkeys, and others), the Cetartiodactyla (cetaceans and even-toed ungulates), and the Carnivora (cats, dogs, seals, and others)."
[{2020-08-24} ]

name::
* McsEngl.animalMammal,
* McsEngl.mammal!⇒animalMammal,
* McsEngl.ogmAnimal.012-mammal!⇒animalMammal,
* McsEngl.ogmAnimal.mammal!⇒animalMammal,
* McsEngl.vertebrate.mammal!⇒animalMammal,

evoluting of animalMammal

{BpK2x065}-animalMammal'on-trees::
"The findings fit in beautifully with the widely held idea that early mammals were nocturnal, hiding during the day and scurrying around in the undergrowth at night when there were fewer hungry dinosaurs running around.
After the dinosaurs were wiped out, about 65 million years ago, some of the mammals that survived took to the trees – the ancestors of the primates."
[{2020-08-24} https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21128311-800-a-brief-history-of-the-brain/]
* McsEngl.{BpK2x065}-animalMammal'on-trees,

{BpK2x200}-animalMammal'first::
"By 360 million years ago, our ancestors had colonised the land, eventually giving rise to the first mammals about 200 million years ago."
[{2020-08-24} https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21128311-800-a-brief-history-of-the-brain/]
* McsEngl.{BpK2x200}-animalMammal'first,

name::
* McsEngl.animalMammal'evoluting,

ogmAnimal.reptile-013

description::
"Reptiles are tetrapod animals in the class Reptilia, comprising today's turtles, crocodilians, snakes, amphisbaenians, lizards, tuatara, and their extinct relatives. The study of these traditional reptile orders, historically combined with that of modern amphibians, is called herpetology.
Because some reptiles are more closely related to birds than they are to other reptiles (e.g., crocodiles are more closely related to birds than they are to lizards), the traditional groups of "reptiles" listed above do not together constitute a monophyletic grouping or clade (consisting of all descendants of a common ancestor). For this reason, many modern scientists prefer to consider the birds part of Reptilia as well, thereby making Reptilia a monophyletic class, including all living diapsids.[1][2][3][4] The term reptiles is sometimes used as shorthand for 'non-avian Reptilia'.[5][6]"
[{2020-08-24} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reptile]

name::
* McsEngl.animalReptile,
* McsEngl.ogmAnimal.013-reptile!⇒animalReptile,
* McsEngl.ogmAnimal.reptile!⇒animalReptile,
* McsEngl.reptile!⇒animalReptile,

ogmAnimal.bird-014

description::
"Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves, characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the 5 cm (2 in) bee hummingbird to the 2.75 m (9 ft) ostrich. There are about ten thousand living species, more than half of which are passerine, or "perching" birds. Birds have wings whose development varies according to species; the only known groups without wings are the extinct moa and elephant birds. Wings, which evolved from forelimbs, gave birds the ability to fly, although further evolution has led to the loss of flight in some birds, including ratites, penguins, and diverse endemic island species. The digestive and respiratory systems of birds are also uniquely adapted for flight. Some bird species of aquatic environments, particularly seabirds and some waterbirds, have further evolved for swimming."
[{2020-08-24} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird]

name::
* McsEngl.animalBird,
* McsEngl.bird!⇒animalBird,
* McsEngl.ogmAnimal.014-bird!⇒animalBird,
* McsEngl.ogmAnimal.bird!⇒animalBird,

ogmAnimal.carnivora-015

description::
"Carnivora is an order of placental mammals that have specialized in primarily eating flesh. Its members are formally referred to as carnivorans, though some species are omnivorous, like raccoons and bears, and quite a few species like pandas are specialized herbivores. The word 'carnivore' is derived from Latin carō (stem carn-) "flesh" and vorāre "to devour", it refers to any meat-eating organism. The order Carnivora is the fifth largest order of mammals and one of the more successful members of the group; it comprises at least 279 species living on every major landmass and in a variety of habitats, ranging the cold polar regions to the hyper-arid region of the Sahara Desert to the open seas. They come in a huge array of different body plans in contrasting shapes and sizes. The smallest carnivoran is the least weasel (Mustela nivalis) with a body length of about 11 cm (4.3 in) and a weight of about 25 g (0.88 oz). The largest is the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina), with adult males weighing up to 5,000 kg (11,000 lb) and measuring up to 6.7 m (22 ft). All species of carnivorans are descended from a group of mammals which were related to today's pangolins, having appeared in North America 6 million years after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.[3][4] These early ancestors of carnivorans would have resembled small weasel or genet-like mammals, occupying a nocturnal shift on the forest floor or in the trees, as other groups of mammals like the mesonychians and creodonts were occupying the top faunivorous niche. However, by the time Miocene epoch appeared, most if not all of the major lineages and families of carnivorans had diversified and took over this niche."
[{2020-08-24} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnivora]

name::
* McsEngl.animalCarnivora,
* McsEngl.carnivora!⇒animalCarnivora,
* McsEngl.mammal.carnivora!⇒animalCarnivora,
* McsEngl.ogmAnimal.015-carnivora!⇒animalCarnivora,
* McsEngl.ogmAnimal.carnivora!⇒animalCarnivora,

ogmAnimal.primate-016

description::
"A primate (/ˈpraɪmeɪt/ (About this soundlisten) PRY-mayt) (from Latin primat-, from primus: "prime, first rank") is a eutherian mammal constituting the taxonomic order Primates. Primates arose 85–55 million years ago first from small terrestrial mammals, which adapted to living in the trees of tropical forests: many primate characteristics represent adaptations to life in this challenging environment, including large brains, visual acuity, color vision, altered shoulder girdle, and dextrous hands. Primates range in size from Madame Berthe's mouse lemur, which weighs 30 g (1 oz), to the eastern gorilla, weighing over 200 kg (440 lb). There are 190–448 species of living primates, depending on which classification is used. New primate species continue to be discovered: over 25 species were described in the first decade of the 2000s, and eleven since 2010."
[{2020-08-24} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primate]

name::
* McsEngl.animalPrimate,
* McsEngl.mammal.primate!⇒animalPrimate,
* McsEngl.ogmAnimal.016-primate!⇒animalPrimate,
* McsEngl.ogmAnimal.primate!⇒animalPrimate,
* McsEngl.primate!⇒animalPrimate,

ogmAnimal.hominid-017

description::
"The Hominidae (/hɒˈmɪnɪdiː/), whose members are known as great apes[note 1] or hominids (/ˈhɒmɪnɪdz/), are a taxonomic family of primates that includes eight extant species in four genera: Pongo, the Bornean, Sumatran and Tapanuli orangutan; Gorilla, the eastern and western gorilla; Pan, the common chimpanzee and the bonobo; and Homo, of which only modern humans remain.[1]
Several revisions in classifying the great apes have caused the use of the term "hominid" to vary over time. The original meaning of "hominid" referred only to humans (Homo) and their closest extinct relatives. However, by the 1990s both humans, apes, and their ancestors were considered to be "hominids". The earlier restrictive meaning has now been largely assumed by the term "hominin", which comprises all members of the human clade after the split from the chimpanzees (Pan). The current, 21st-century meaning of "hominid" includes all the great apes including humans. Usage still varies, however, and some scientists and laypersons still use "hominid" in the original restrictive sense; the scholarly literature generally shows the traditional usage until around the turn of the 21st century.[4]"
[{2020-08-24} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidae]

name::
* McsEngl.animalHominid,
* McsEngl.great-ape!⇒animalHominid,
* McsEngl.hominid!⇒animalHominid,
* McsEngl.ogmAnimal.017-hominid!⇒animalHominid,
* McsEngl.ogmAnimal.hominid!⇒animalHominid,
* McsEngl.primate.hominid!⇒animalHominid,

ogmAnimal.oxygenNo-018

description::
"Do All Animals Need Oxygen to Live?
Last Modified Date: October 19, 2020
The discovery of the Henneguya salminicola parasite in 2020 has biologists worldwide scratching their heads. This blip of an organism, composed of fewer than 10 cells, doesn’t need oxygen to live. And since it doesn’t rely on aerobic respiration to create energy, it doesn’t need a mitochondrial genome or any respiratory genes, either.
Unique as H. salminicola appears to be, the researchers don’t think this is the only oxygen-free animal out there.
“We have shown that there is at least one multicellular animal that does not have the genetic toolkit to use oxygen,” says Oregon State University research associate Stephen Atkinson, part of the research team working at Tel Aviv University.
H. salminicola is a myxozoan cnidarian, an animal related to jellyfish and coral. It lives inside salmon and "steals ready-made nutrients" from the fish flesh, instead of consuming oxygen directly, Atkinson said.
The findings, he added, expand the definition of what an "animal" can be. Atkinson expects that future research will probably find a new spectrum of animals with ”even weirder modes of existence.”"
[{2020-10-20} https://www.wisegeek.com/do-all-animals-need-oxygen-to-live.htm]

name::
* McsEngl.animalOzygenNo,
* McsEngl.ogmAnimal.018-oxygenNo!⇒animalOzygenNo,
* McsEngl.ogmAnimal.oxygenNo!⇒animalOzygenNo,

meta-info

this page was-visited times since {2020-04-21}

page-wholepath: synagonism.net / Mcs-worldview / dirOgm / ogmAnimal

SEARCH::
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footer::
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• email:
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webpage-versions::
• version.last.dynamic: ../../dirMcs/dirOgm/McsOgm000009.last.html,
• version.1-0-0.2021-04-15: (0-8) filMcsOgmAnml.1-0-0.2021-04-15.html,
• filMcsOgmAnml.0-1-0.2020-04-21.last.html: draft creation,

overview of ogmAnimal

01_disease of ogmAnimal

02_governance-system of ogmAnimal

03_health of ogmAnimal

04_material-system of ogmAnimal

05_material of ogmAnimal

06_genome of ogmAnimal

07_nutrient of ogmAnimal

08_food of ogmAnimal

09_shape of ogmAnimal

10_size of ogmAnimal

11_resource of ogmAnimal

12_structure of ogmAnimal

13_DOING of ogmAnimal

14_evoluting of ogmAnimal

WHOLE-PART-TREE of ogmAnimal

GENERIC-SPECIFIC-TREE of ogmAnimal

ogmAnimal.aggregate-001

ogmAnimal.generic-002

ogmAnimal.individual-003