format.short|link

description::
[{2020} Historical-Evolution-of-AI, irDigi000001]
* [{year} short-title|author, part|page, Id-link]

name::
* McsEngl.Infrsc'citation-format.short,
* McsEngl.Infrsc'link-format,
* McsEngl.Infrsc'short-citation-format,
* McsEngl.citation-format.short,

Inflcs.public-domain-004

description::
"(n) public domain (property rights that are held by the public at large)"
[{2022-02-01 retrieved} http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=public+domain]

name::
* McsEngl.Inflcs.public-domain,
* McsEngl.public-domain,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.gōnggòngqūyù-公共区域!=public-domain,
* McsZhon.公共区域-gōnggòng-qūyù!=public-domain,
====== langoGreek:
* McsElln.κοινό-κτήμα!=public-domain,

Inflcs.EUPL-003

description::
"A reciprocal open source licence providing compatibility and interoperability in the framework of EU law.
When publishing the communication “Open Source Software Strategy 2020‐2023” the European Commission has, once again, reiterated importance of sharing interoperable software. “Think Open” states that software produced with the objective of being used outside the Commission, will be open source and published under the European Union Public License (EUPL). A growing number of Member State governments, public and private bodies are now distributing their software under the licence. It looks useful to keep in mind the implications of the EUPL unique strategy based on key concepts: Open source, Reciprocity, Compatibility, Interoperability and Compliance with EU law. In addition, the EUPL is supported by a Strong community on Joinup.eu and used by a growing number of licensors, from both public and private sectors."
[{2021-01-30} https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/news/2020-12/EUPL%20overview%202020.pdf]

name::
* McsEngl.EUPL!=European-union-public-license,
* McsEngl.European-union-public-license!⇒licenseEupl,
* McsEngl.Inflcs.003-EUPL!⇒licenseEupl,
* McsEngl.Inflcs.EUPL!⇒licenseEupl,
* McsEngl.licenseEupl,

Inflcs.WTFPL-001

description::
"DO WHAT THE FUCK YOU WANT TO PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, December 2004
Copyright (C) 2004 Sam Hocevar
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim or modified copies of this license document, and changing it is allowed as long as the name is changed.
DO WHAT THE FUCK YOU WANT TO PUBLIC LICENSE
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
0. You just DO WHAT THE FUCK YOU WANT TO."
[{2020-08-21} http://www.wtfpl.net/about/]

name::
* McsEngl.DO-WHAT-THE-FUCK-YOU-WANT-TO-PUBLIC-LICENSE!⇒licenseWTFPL,
* McsEngl.Inflcs.001-WTFPL!⇒licenseWTFPL,
* McsEngl.Inflcs.WTFPL!⇒licenseWTFPL,
* McsEngl.WTFPL!⇒licenseWTFPL,
* McsEngl.licenseWTFPL,

Inflcs.Creative-Commons-002

description::
"A Creative Commons (CC) license is one of several public copyright licenses that enable the free distribution of an otherwise copyrighted "work".[note 1] A CC license is used when an author wants to give other people the right to share, use, and build upon a work that they (the author) have created. CC provides an author flexibility (for example, they might choose to allow only non-commercial uses of a given work) and protects the people who use or redistribute an author's work from concerns of copyright infringement as long as they abide by the conditions that are specified in the license by which the author distributes the work.[1][2][3][4][5]
There are several types of Creative Commons licenses. The licenses differ by several combinations that condition the terms of distribution. They were initially released on December 16, 2002 by Creative Commons, a U.S. non-profit corporation founded in 2001. There have also been five versions of the suite of licenses, numbered 1.0 through 4.0.[6] Released in November 2013, the 4.0 license suite is the most current.
In October 2014, the Open Knowledge Foundation approved the Creative Commons CC BY, CC BY-SA and CC0 licenses as conformant with the "Open Definition" for content and data.[7][8][9]"
[{2020-05-01} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons_license]

name::
* McsEngl.CC-(Creative-Commons-license)!⇒licenseCC,
* McsEngl.Creative-Commons-(CC)-license!⇒licenseCC,
* McsEngl.Inflcs.002-Creative-Commons!⇒licenseCC,
* McsEngl.Inflcs.Creative-Commons!⇒licenseCC,
* McsEngl.licenseCC,

irSci.SPECIFIC

description::
* conference-proceedings,
* patent,
* scientific-article,
* scientific-book,
* scientific-journal,
* scientific-paper,
* technical-report,
* University-press,
* working-paper,

name::
* McsEngl.irSci.specific,

irAudio.SPECIFIC

description::
* song,
* speech,

name::
* McsEngl.irAudio.specific,

irVisual.SPECIFIC

description::
* picture,
* text,

name::
* McsEngl.irVisual.specific,

irVideo.SPECIFIC

description::
* movie,

name::
* McsEngl.irVideo.specific,

irDigi.000001

description::
Blagoj DELIPETREV, Chrisa TSINARAKI, Uroš KOSTIĆ. “Historical Evolution of Artificial Intelligence”, EUR 30221EN, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2020, ISBN 978-92-76-18940-4, doi:10.2760/801580, JRC120469.
https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC120469]
===
[{2020} Historical-Evolution-of-AI, irDigi000001]

name::
* McsEngl.{2020}-Historical-Evolution-of-AI!⇒irDigi000001,
* McsEngl.Historical-Evolution-of-Artificial-Intelligence!⇒irDigi000001,
* McsEngl.irDigi.000001!⇒irDigi000001,
* McsEngl.irDigi000001,

irImage.map

description::
· "(n) map (a diagrammatic representation of the earth's surface (or part of it))"
[{2023-07-14 retrieved} http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=map]

name::
* McsEngl.irImage.map!⇒irMap,
* McsEngl.irMap,
* McsEngl.map!⇒irMap,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.dìtú-地图!=irMap,
* McsZhon.地图-dìtú!=irMap,
====== langoGreek:
* McsElln.χάρτης!ο!=irMap,

cinema

description::
"Cinema, or the film industry, is a global phenomenon that encompasses the production, distribution, and exhibition of films. It is a significant form of entertainment, art, and cultural expression, influencing and reflecting society in various ways. Here's an overview of cinema:

### 1. **History of Cinema:**
- **Early Beginnings (1890s-1920s):** The invention of motion pictures in the late 19th century, with pioneers like Thomas Edison and the Lumière brothers, marked the birth of cinema. Silent films dominated this era, with iconic figures such as Charlie Chaplin and D.W. Griffith.
- **The Golden Age (1930s-1950s):** This period saw the transition to sound films ("talkies"), the rise of Hollywood, and the establishment of major studios. Genres like musicals, Westerns, and film noir became popular.
- **New Wave Movements (1960s-1980s):** Various international cinema movements, such as the French New Wave and Italian Neorealism, emerged, challenging traditional storytelling and cinematic techniques.
- **Modern Cinema (1990s-Present):** The rise of digital technology, computer-generated imagery (CGI), and global blockbusters characterize modern cinema. Independent films and streaming platforms have also gained prominence.

### 2. **Genres:**
- **Drama:** Focuses on emotional and relational development of characters. Example: *Forrest Gump*.
- **Action:** Features high energy, stunts, and physical feats. Example: *Die Hard*.
- **Comedy:** Aims to entertain and provoke laughter. Example: *The Hangover*.
- **Horror:** Designed to frighten and invoke fear. Example: *The Exorcist*.
- **Science Fiction (Sci-Fi):** Explores futuristic concepts, space, and technology. Example: *Star Wars*.
- **Documentary:** Non-fiction films that document reality. Example: *An Inconvenient Truth*.

### 3. **Global Cinema:**
- **Hollywood:** The center of the U.S. film industry, known for its major studios and blockbuster films.
- **Bollywood:** The Hindi-language film industry in India, known for its musical dramas.
- **European Cinema:** Includes significant contributions from countries like France, Italy, and the UK, known for art-house films and auteurs.
- **Asian Cinema:** Notable film industries include Japan (with directors like Akira Kurosawa), South Korea (with its recent global success like *Parasite*), and China (with a focus on martial arts and epic dramas).
- **African Cinema:** Growing in influence, with industries in Nigeria (Nollywood) and South Africa producing significant works.

### 4. **Key Elements of Filmmaking:**
- **Directing:** The director’s vision guides the film, shaping its artistic and narrative style.
- **Screenwriting:** Writing the script, which includes the dialogue and instructions for the film’s visual storytelling.
- **Cinematography:** The art of capturing the film visually, including camera work, lighting, and shot composition.
- **Editing:** The process of assembling the film’s scenes, shaping the narrative, and ensuring continuity.
- **Sound Design:** Involves creating the audio landscape of the film, including dialogue, sound effects, and music.

### 5. **Film Distribution and Exhibition:**
- **Theatrical Release:** Traditionally, films are first released in cinemas. The box office performance is a key measure of success.
- **Home Entertainment:** After the theatrical run, films are distributed through DVD/Blu-ray, and digital downloads or streaming.
- **Streaming Services:** Platforms like Netflix, Amazon Prime, and Disney+ have transformed how audiences consume films, with some films being released directly to streaming.

### 6. **Cinema as Cultural Reflection:**
- Films often reflect societal values, concerns, and histories. They can influence public opinion, offer social commentary, and provide escapism.
- Cinema can also serve as a cultural bridge, introducing global audiences to different cultures and perspectives.

### 7. **Trends in Modern Cinema:**
- **Diversity and Inclusion:** There is a growing push for more diverse representation in films, both in front of and behind the camera.
- **Franchise Dominance:** The success of film franchises, such as the Marvel Cinematic Universe, has dominated box offices.
- **Technological Innovation:** Advances in CGI, virtual reality (VR), and augmented reality (AR) are pushing the boundaries of visual storytelling.

### 8. **Notable Awards:**
- **Academy Awards (Oscars):** The most prestigious film awards, recognizing achievements in various categories.
- **Cannes Film Festival:** A major international film festival known for showcasing high-quality, often art-house films.
- **Golden Globe Awards:** Recognizes excellence in both film and television, often seen as a precursor to the Oscars.

### Conclusion:
Cinema continues to evolve, blending traditional storytelling with new technologies and diverse voices. It remains a powerful medium for storytelling, entertainment, and cultural expression, resonating with audiences worldwide."
[{2024-07-31 retrieved} https://chatgpt.com/c/f32ea374-cd85-4f76-99da-16fdf4cc582d]

name::
* McsEngl.art.cinema,
* McsEngl.cinema,
* McsEngl.culture.cinema,
* McsEngl.movie'cinema,

irPeriodical.academic-journal

description::
"An academic journal or scholarly journal is a periodical publication in which scholarship relating to a particular academic discipline is published. Academic journals serve as permanent and transparent forums for the presentation, scrutiny, and discussion of research. They nearly universally require peer review or other scrutiny from contemporaries competent and established in their respective fields.[1][2] Content typically takes the form of articles presenting original research, review articles, or book reviews. The purpose of an academic journal, according to Henry Oldenburg (the first editor of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society), is to give researchers a venue to "impart their knowledge to one another, and contribute what they can to the Grand design of improving natural knowledge, and perfecting all Philosophical Arts, and Sciences."[3]
The term academic journal applies to scholarly publications in all fields; this article discusses the aspects common to all academic field journals. Scientific journals and journals of the quantitative social sciences vary in form and function from journals of the humanities and qualitative social sciences; their specific aspects are separately discussed.
The first academic journal was Journal des sçavans (January 1665), followed soon after by Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (March 1665), and Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences (1666). The first fully peer-reviewed journal was Medical Essays and Observations (1733).[4]"
[{2023-08-28 retrieved} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_journal]

name::
* McsEngl.irAcdjournal,
* McsEngl.irAcdjournal!=academic-journal,
* McsEngl.irPeriodical.academic-journal!⇒irAcdjournal,