wordZhon.particle of wordSetZhon

description::
"Grammatical particles, or simply particles, are words that convey certain grammatical meanings. The term is often applied to words that are difficult to classify according to traditional grammar.[1] Both Classical Chinese and Modern Standard Chinese make use of particles. In Chinese, particles are known as zhùcí (simplified Chinese: 助词; traditional Chinese: 助詞) or yǔzhùcí (语助词; 語助詞).[1] They belong to function words (虚词; 虛詞; xūcí). In other words, they have no lexical meaning, but are used to indicate certain grammatical information. This contrasts with content words (实词; 實詞; shící).[2] Particles in Chinese usually take the neutral tone."
[{2021-10-05 retrieved} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_particles]

name::
* McsEngl.Zhonparticle,
* McsEngl.particle-of-lagZhon!⇒Zhonparticle,
* McsEngl.wordZhon.particle!⇒Zhonparticle,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.yǔzhùcí-语助词-(語助詞)!=Zhonparticle,
* McsZhon.zhùcí-助词-(助詞)!=Zhonparticle,
* McsZhon.语助词-(語助詞)-yǔzhùcí!=Zhonparticle,
* McsZhon.助词-(助詞)-zhùcí!=Zhonparticle,

Zhonparticle.SPECIFIC

description::
* aspectual,
* modal,
* structural,
===
* noun-auxiliary,
* verb-auxiliary,

name::
* McsEngl.Zhonparticle.specific,

Zhonparticle.verb-auxiliary (link)

Zhonparticle.noun-auxiliary (link)

Zhonparticle.aspectual

description::
"Aspectual particle (动态助词; 動態助詞; dòngtài zhùcí): Commonly dubbed aspect markers (動貌標記 or 動貌標誌), the particles signal grammatical aspect. The most renowned ones are the perfective 了le, durative 著zhe, durative 在zaì, and experiential 過guò".
[{2021-12-05 retrieved} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_particles#Linguistic_sketch]

name::
* McsEngl.Zhonparticle.aspectual,
* McsEngl.aspect-marker-Zhonparticle,
* McsEngl.aspectual-Zhonparticle,

Zhonparticle.modal-(sentence-final)

description::
"Modal particle (语气助词; 語氣助詞; yǔqì zhùcí): Often called sentence-final particles (句末助詞), the particles signal linguistic modality. Common ones include 了le, 呢ne, 吧ba, and 嗎mā/ma."
[{2021-12-05 retrieved} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_particles#Linguistic_sketch]

name::
* McsEngl.Zhonparticle.modal-(sentence-final),

Zhonparticle.structural

description::
"Structural particle (结构助词; 結構助詞; jiégòu zhùcí):[4] This class of particles concern syntactic relations. The particles can be distinguished only in written form because they are usually pronounced the same.
地dì/de is used to mark adverbials (狀語). E.g.: 安靜地睡著了 (ānjìng dì/de shuì zháo le) 'fell asleep quietly'
得dé/de is used to mark verb complements (補語). E.g.: 學習得很認真 (xuéxí dé/de hěn rènzhēn) 'study very hard'
的dè/de, according to traditional analysis, is used to mark attributive (定語). It is often analysed as a nominaliser.[5] E.g.: 書的封面很漂亮 (shū dè/de fēngmiàn hěn piàoliang) '(the) cover of the book (is) very beautiful'"
[{2021-12-05 retrieved} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_particles#Linguistic_sketch]

name::
* McsEngl.Zhonparticle.structural,

Zhonparticle.了-le-(20102)

name::
* McsEngl.Zhonparticle.了-le,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.le-了-Zhonparticle,
* McsZhon.了-le-Zhonparticle,

Zhonparticle.吧-bā-(21543)

description::

=== modal.

=== verb-auxiliary,
· suggestions:

=== conceding:
· "The particle 吧 (ba) can also be used to concede a point. That is, 吧 (ba) can be used to accept or agree with something that you're not particularly happy about, the way we might use "all right" or "fine then" in English."
[{2023-06-24 retrieved} https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Conceding_with_%22ba%22]
· stxZhon: 好吧，我们可以看看别的。 Hǎo ba, wǒmen kěyǐ kànkan biéde. != All right, we can take a look at something else.
=== softening speech:

name::
* McsEngl.Zhonparticle.吧-bā,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.bā-吧-Zhonparticle,
* McsZhon.吧-bā-Zhonparticle,

Zhonparticle.呢-ne-(21602)

description::

=== modal.

name::
* McsEngl.Zhonparticle.呢-ne,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.ne-呢-Zhonparticle,
* McsZhon.呢-ne-Zhonparticle,

Zhonparticle.嗎-mā|ma-(21966)

description::

=== modal.

name::
* McsEngl.Zhonparticle.嗎-mā|ma,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.ma-mā-嗎-Zhonparticle,
* McsZhon.mā|ma-嗎-Zhonparticle,
* McsZhon.嗎-mā|ma-Zhonparticle,

Zhonparticle.在-zài-(22312)

description::

=== aspectual-durative.

name::
* McsEngl.Zhonparticle.在-zài,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.zài-在-Zhonparticle,
* McsZhon.在-zài-Zhonparticle,

Zhonparticle.地-de-(22320)

description::

=== structural.

name::
* McsEngl.Zhonparticle.地-de,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.de-地-Zhonparticle,
* McsZhon.地-de-Zhonparticle,
* McsZhon.土也地-tǔ-yě-de,

Zhonparticle.得-dé-(24471)

description::

=== structural.

name::
* McsEngl.Zhonparticle.得-dé,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.dé-得-Zhonparticle,
* McsZhon.得-dé-Zhonparticle,
* McsZhon.双人得-shuāngrén-de,

Zhonparticle.的-dè|de-(30340)

description::
"Particles like 的dè/de and 了le remain disputable since no satisfactory analysis is present."
[{2021-12-05 retrieved} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_particles#Linguistic_sketch]

=== structural.

=== emphasis:
· stxZhon: 这个书店是新的。 [Zhège shūdiàn] {shì} [xīn] {de}. != [this bookstore] {is} [new].
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_adjectives#Second_pattern]

=== conjunction,

Zhonparticle.著-zhù-(33879)

description::

=== aspectual-durative.

name::
* McsEngl.Zhonparticle.著-zhù,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.zhù-著-Zhonparticle,
* McsZhon.著-zhù-Zhonparticle,

Zhonparticle.過-guò-(36942)

description::

=== aspectual-experiential.

name::
* McsEngl.Zhonparticle.過-guò,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.guò-過-Zhonparticle,
* McsZhon.過-guò-Zhonparticle,

info-resource of wordSetZhon

addressWpg::
* https://www.yellowbridge.com/chinese/dictionary.php,
"True Chinese-English and English-Chinese dictionaries with over 200,000 entries. Designed for quick word exploration and understanding: thesaurus, word decomposition, sample sentences."

name::
* McsEngl.wordSetZhon'Infrsc,

DOING of wordSetZhon

description::
*

name::
* McsEngl.wordSetZhon'doing,

evoluting of wordSetZhon

name::
* McsEngl.wordSetZhon'evoluting,

{2022-01-09}::
=== McsHitp-creation:
· creation of current concept.

WHOLE-PART-TREE of wordSetZhon

name::
* McsEngl.wordSetZhon'part-whole-tree,
* McsEngl.wordSetZhon'whole-part-tree,

whole-tree-of-wordSetZhon::
*
* ... Sympan.

part-tree-of-wordSetZhon::
*

GENERIC-SPECIFIC-TREE of wordSetZhon

name::
* McsEngl.wordSetZhon'generic-specific-tree,
* McsEngl.wordSetZhon'specific-generic-tree,

generic-tree-of-wordSetZhon::
* ,
* ... entity.

specific-tree-of-wordSetZhon::
* ,

meta-info

this page was-visited times since {2022-01-09}

page-wholepath: synagonism.net / worldviewSngo / dirLag / wordSetZhon

SEARCH::
· this page uses 'locator-names', names that when you find them, you find the-LOCATION of the-concept they denote.
⊛ GLOBAL-SEARCH:
· clicking on the-green-BAR of a-page you have access to the-global--locator-names of my-site.
· use the-prefix 'wordSetZhon' for senso-concepts related to current concept 'wordary-of-Standard-Chinese'.
⊛ LOCAL-SEARCH:
· TYPE CTRL+F "McsLang.words-of-concept's-name", to go to the-LOCATION of the-concept.
· a-preview of the-description of a-global-name makes reading fast.

footer::
• author: Kaseluris.Nikos.1959
• email:

• edit on github: https://github.com/synagonism/McsWorld/blob/master/dirMcs/dirLag/McsLag000023.last.html,
• comments on Disqus,
• twitter: @synagonism,

webpage-versions::
• version.last.dynamic: McsLag000023.last.html,
• version.draft.creation: McsLag000023.0-1-0.2022-01-09.last.html,

wordary-of-Standard-Chinese
senso-concept-Mcs (wordSetZhon)

overview of wordSetZhon

wordZhon.syllableOne of wordSetZhon

wordZhon.syllableTwo of wordSetZhon

wordZhon.syllableMany of wordSetZhon