04_output (logo-view) of lagZhon

description::
· output-of-lagZhon is the-logo-view of lagZhon.

name::
* McsEngl.lagZhon'output!⇒logoZhon,
* McsEngl.lagZhon-output!⇒logoZhon,
* McsEngl.logo-view--of-lagZhon!⇒logoZhon,
* McsEngl.logoZhon,
* McsEngl.output-of-lagZhon!⇒logoZhon,

syntax-tree of logoZhon

description::
· syntax-tree of lagZhon is the-structure of the-output.
· this structure is a-whole-part-tree of output-nodes.

name::
* McsEngl.lagZhon'syntax-tree!⇒stxZhon,
* McsEngl.logoZhon'syntax-tree!⇒stxZhon,
* McsEngl.stxZhon,
* McsEngl.syntaxZhon!⇒stxZhon,

generic-tree-of-syntaxZhon::
* syntax,

node of logoZhon

description::
· logo-node of lagZhon is any identifiable part of the-syntax-tree.

name::
* McsEngl.lagZhon'node,
* McsEngl.logoZhon'node,
* McsEngl.nodeZhon,

generic-tree::
* logo-node--of-lagHmnm,

unit of logoZhon

description::
· logo-unit-of-lagZhon is any indivisible part of output.

name::
* McsEngl.lagZhon'unit!⇒unitZhon,
* McsEngl.lagZhon-unit!⇒unitZhon,
* McsEngl.logo-unit--of-lagZhon!⇒unitZhon,
* McsEngl.unitZhon,

generic-tree::
* logo-unit,

specific::
* main-name-unit,
* termNo-unit,
===
* phoneme,
* syllabogram,
* character,

unitZhon.term

description::
· main-name-unit-of-lagZhon is any termHmnm-unit (= created from phonemes or syllabograms).
· the-main units that create its output (speech or text).

name::
* McsEngl.main-name-unit-of-lagZhon!⇒unitTermZhon,
* McsEngl.unitZhon.term!⇒unitTermZhon,
* McsEngl.unitTermZhon,

generic-tree::
* lagHmnm-main-name-unit,

specific::
* Standard-Chinese-phoneme,
* Standard-Chinese-syllabogram,

unitZhon.termNo

description::
· termNo-unit-of-lagZhon is any other unit except main-name-unit.
· like all languages Chinese uses many conceptograms.

name::
* McsEngl.termNo-unit-of-lagZhon,
* McsEngl.unitZhon.termNo,

unitTermZhon.phoneme of speech

description::
· the-unit of Chinese-speech.

name::
* McsEngl.Chinese-phoneme!⇒phonemeZhon,
* McsEngl.Standard-Chinese-phoneme!⇒phonemeZhon,
* McsEngl.lagZhon'phoneme!⇒phonemeZhon,
* McsEngl.lagSpchZhon'phoneme!⇒phonemeZhon,
* McsEngl.lagSpchZhon-unit.phoneme!⇒phonemeZhon,
* McsEngl.lagSpchZhon-unit.term!⇒phonemeZhon,
* McsEngl.lagSpchZhon-phoneme,
* McsEngl.main-unit--of-lagSpchZhon!⇒phonemeZhon,
* McsEngl.phoneme-of-lagSpchZhon!⇒phonemeZhon,
* McsEngl.phonemeZhon,
* McsEngl.speech-unit-of-lagSpchZhon!⇒phonemeZhon,
* McsEngl.unitSpeechZhon!⇒phonemeZhon,

generic-tree::
* main-name-unit--of-lagSpch,

info-resource of phonemeZhon

description::
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Chinese_phonology,
* https://www.chinesepod.com/tools/pronunciation/,
* https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/pronunciation/,

name::
* McsEngl.phonemeZhon'Infrsc,

phonemeZhon.SPECIFIC of speech

description::
* phone,
* allophone,
=== on airstream-obstruction:
* vowel-phoneme,
* vowelNo-phoneme-(consonant),
* vowelBo-phoneme-(semivowel),

name::
* McsEngl.phonemeZhon.specific,

phonemeZhon.vowel of speech

description::
· vowel of lagZhon is a-phoneme without airstream-obstruction.

name::
* McsEngl.phonemeZhon.vowel!⇒lagSpchZhon-vowel,
* McsEngl.lagSpchZhon-vowel,
* McsEngl.speech-vowel--of-lagSpchZhon!⇒lagSpchZhon-vowel,
* McsEngl.vowel-of-lagSpchZhon!⇒lagSpchZhon-vowel,

phonemeZhon.vowelNo of speech

description::
· consonant-of-lagZhon is a-phoneme with airstream-obstruction.

name::
* McsEngl.consonant-of-lagZhon!⇒lagZhon-consonant,
* McsEngl.lagZhon'consonant,
* McsEngl.lagZhon-consonant,
* McsEngl.phonemeZhon.vowelNo!⇒lagZhon-consonant,

phonemeZhon.vowelBo of speech

description::
"It has long been recognised that most languages contain a class of sound that functions in a way similar to consonants but is phonetically similar to vowels"
[Peter Roach 2009 Glossary]

name::
* McsEngl.lagZhon'semivowel,
* McsEngl.phonemeZhon.vowelBo!⇒lagZhon-semivowel,
* McsEngl.lagZhon-semivowel,
* McsEngl.semivowel-of-lagZhon!⇒lagZhon-semivowel,

unitTermZhon.syllabogram of text

description::
· syllabogram is the-main-name-unit of written-Standard-Chinese.

name::
* McsEngl.Chinese-syllabogram!⇒syllabogramZhon,
* McsEngl.Standard-Chinese-syllabogram!⇒syllabogramZhon,
* McsEngl.lagZhon'syllabogram!⇒syllabogramZhon,
* McsEngl.lagSylbZhon-syllabogram!⇒syllabogramZhon,
* McsEngl.lagSylbZhon-unit.syllabogram!⇒syllabogramZhon,
* McsEngl.syllabogramZhon,
* McsEngl.phonemogram-of-lagZhon!⇒syllabogramZhon,
* McsEngl.unitTermZhon!⇒syllabogramZhon,

generic-tree::
* lagSylb-syllabogram,

specific::
* lagSylbZhon has ? syllabograms:

unitTermZhon.character of text

description::
· Chinese-character is any text-unit the-language uses, terms and termsNo.

name::
* McsEngl.Chinese-character!⇒charZhon,
* McsEngl.Han-ideograph!⇒charZhon,
* McsEngl.Zhonchar!⇒charZhon,
* McsEngl.charZhon,
* McsEngl.hanzi!⇒charZhon,
* McsEngl.unitCharZhon!⇒charZhon,
* McsEngl.unitTermZhon.character!⇒charZhon,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.hànzì-汉字-(漢字)!=Han-character!=charZhon,
* McsZhon.汉字-(漢字)-hànzì!=Han-character!=charZhon,

input of charZhon

description::
· on computers.
* https://www.google.com/inputtools/try/,

name::
* McsEngl.charZhon'input,

radical of charZhon

description::
"A Chinese radical (Chinese: 部首; pinyin: bùshǒu; lit. 'section header') or indexing component is a graphical component of a Chinese character under which the character is traditionally listed in a Chinese dictionary. This component is often a semantic indicator similar to a morpheme, though sometimes it may be a phonetic component or even an artificially extracted portion of the character. In some cases the original semantic or phonological connection has become obscure, owing to changes in character meaning or pronunciation over time.
The English term "radical" is based on an analogy between the structure of characters and inflection of words in European languages.[a] Radicals are also sometimes called "classifiers", but this name is more commonly applied to grammatical classifiers (measure words)."
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_(Chinese_characters)]

name::
* McsEngl.charZhon'radical!⇒radicalZhon,
* McsEngl.radical-of-charZhon!⇒radicalZhon,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.bùshǒu-部首!=radicalZhon,
* McsZhon.部首-bùshǒu!=radicalZhon,

addressWpg::
* https://www.yellowbridge.com/chinese/radicals.php,
* https://www.yellowbridge.com/chinese/character-stroke-order-rules.php,
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_Indexing_Chinese_Character_Components,

radicalZhon.一-yī-001

description::
· 1 stroke; 一-yī !=one.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.one!=yī-一,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.yī-一!=one,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.一-yī!=one,

radicalZhon.丨-gǔn-002

description::
· 1 stroke; 丨-gǔn !=line.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.line!=gǔn-丨,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.gǔn-丨!=line,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.丨-gǔn!=line,

radicalZhon.丶-zhǔ-003

description::
· 1 stroke; 丶-zhǔ !=dot.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.dot!=zhǔ-丶,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.zhǔ-丶!=dot,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.丶-zhǔ!=dot,

radicalZhon.丿-piě-004

description::
· 1 stroke; 丿-piě !=slash.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.slash!=piě-丿,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.piě-丿!=slash,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.丿-piě!=slash,

radicalZhon.乙/乚-yǐ-005

description::
· 1 stroke; 乙/乚-yǐ !=second.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.second!=yǐ-乙/乚,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.yǐ-乙/乚!=second,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.乙/乚-yǐ!=second,

radicalZhon.亅/了-jué-006

description::
· 1 stroke; 亅/了-jué !=hook.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.hook!=jué-亅/了,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.jué-亅/了!=hook,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.亅/了-jué!=hook,

radicalZhon.二-èr-007

description::
· 2 strokes; 二-èr !=two.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.two!=èr-二,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.èr-二!=two,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.二-èr!=two,

radicalZhon.亠-tóu-008

description::
· 2 strokes; 亠-tóu !=lid.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.lid!=tóu-亠,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.tóu-亠!=lid,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.亠-tóu!=lid,

radicalZhon.人/亻-rén-009

description::
· 2 strokes; 人/亻-rén !=man.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.man!=rén-人/亻,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.rén-人/亻!=man,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.人/亻-rén!=man,

radicalZhon.儿-rén-010

description::
· 2 strokes; 儿-rén !=legs.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.legs!=rén-儿,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.rén-儿!=legs,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.儿-rén!=legs,

radicalZhon.入-rù-011

description::
· 2 strokes; 入-rù !=enter.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.enter!=rù-入,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.rù-入!=enter,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.入-rù!=enter,

radicalZhon.八-bā-012

description::
· 2 strokes; 八-bā !=eight.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.eight!=bā-八,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.bā-八!=eight,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.八-bā!=eight,

radicalZhon.冂-jiōng-013

description::
· 2 strokes; 冂-jiōng !=down box.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.down-box!=jiōng-冂,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.jiōng-冂!=down-box,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.冂-jiōng!=down-box,

radicalZhon.冖-mì-014

description::
· 2 strokes; 冖-mì !=cover.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.cover!=mì-冖,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.mì-冖!=cover,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.冖-mì!=cover,

radicalZhon.冫-bīng-015

description::
· 2 strokes; 冫-bīng !=ice.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.ice!=bīng-冫,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.bīng-冫!=ice,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.冫-bīng!=ice,

radicalZhon.几-jǐ-016

description::
· 2 strokes; 几-jǐ !=table.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.table!=jǐ-几,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.jǐ-几!=table,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.几-jǐ!=table,

radicalZhon.凵-qū-017

description::
· 2 strokes; 凵-qū !=open box.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.open-box!=qū-凵,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.qū-凵!=open-box,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.凵-qū!=open-box,

radicalZhon.刀/刂-dāo-018

description::
· 2 strokes; 刀/刂-dāo !=knife.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.knife!=dāo-刀/刂,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.dāo-刀/刂!=knife,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.刀/刂-dāo!=knife,

radicalZhon.力-lì-019

description::
· 2 strokes; 力-lì !=power.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.power!=lì-力,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.lì-力!=power,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.力-lì!=power,

radicalZhon.勹-bāo-020

description::
· 2 strokes; 勹-bāo !=wrap.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.wrap!=bāo-勹,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.bāo-勹!=wrap,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.勹-bāo!=wrap,

radicalZhon.匕-bǐ-021

description::
· 2 strokes; 匕-bǐ !=spoon.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.spoon!=bǐ-匕,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.bǐ-匕!=spoon,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.匕-bǐ!=spoon,

radicalZhon.匚-fāng-022

description::
· 2 strokes; 匚-fāng !=right open box.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.right-open-box!=fāng-匚,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.fāng-匚!=right-open-box,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.匚-fāng!=right-open-box,

radicalZhon.匸-xǐ-023

description::
· 2 strokes; 匸-xǐ !=hiding enclosure.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.hiding-enclosure!=xǐ-匸,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.xǐ-匸!=hiding-enclosure,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.匸-xǐ!=hiding-enclosure,

radicalZhon.十-shí-024

description::
· 2 strokes; 十-shí !=ten.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.ten!=shí-十,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.shí-十!=ten,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.十-shí!=ten,

radicalZhon.卜-bǔ-025

description::
· 2 strokes; 卜-bǔ !=divination.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.divination!=bǔ-卜,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.bǔ-卜!=divination,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.卜-bǔ!=divination,

radicalZhon.卩-jié-026

description::
· 2 strokes; 卩-jié !=seal.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.seal!=jié-卩,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.jié-卩!=seal,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.卩-jié!=seal,

radicalZhon.厂-hǎn-027

description::
· 2 strokes; 厂-hǎn !=cliff.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.cliff!=hǎn-厂,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.hǎn-厂!=cliff,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.厂-hǎn!=cliff,

radicalZhon.厶-sī-028

description::
· 2 strokes; 厶-sī !=private.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.private!=sī-厶,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.sī-厶!=private,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.厶-sī!=private,

radicalZhon.又-yòu-029

description::
· 2 strokes; 又-yòu !=again.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.again!=yòu-又,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.yòu-又!=again,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.又-yòu!=again,

radicalZhon.讠-yán-030

description::
· 2 strokes; 讠-yán !=speech.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.speech!=yán-讠,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.yán-讠!=speech,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.讠-yán!=speech,

radicalZhon.口-kǒu-031

description::
· 3 strokes; 口-kǒu !=mouth.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.mouth!=kǒu-口,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.kǒu-口!=mouth,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.口-kǒu!=mouth,

radicalZhon.囗-wéi-032

description::
· 3 strokes; 囗-wéi !=enclosure.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.enclosure!=wéi-囗,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.wéi-囗!=enclosure,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.囗-wéi!=enclosure,

radicalZhon.土-tǔ-033

description::
· 3 strokes; 土-tǔ !=earth.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.earth!=tǔ-土,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.tǔ-土!=earth,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.土-tǔ!=earth,

radicalZhon.士-shì-034

description::
· 3 strokes; 士-shì !=scholar.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.scholar!=shì-士,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.shì-士!=scholar,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.士-shì!=scholar,

radicalZhon.夂-zhǐ-035

description::
· 3 strokes; 夂-zhǐ !=go.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.go!=zhǐ-夂,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.zhǐ-夂!=go,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.夂-zhǐ!=go,

radicalZhon.夊-suī-036

description::
· 3 strokes; 夊-suī !=go slowly.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.go-slowly!=suī-夊,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.suī-夊!=go-slowly,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.夊-suī!=go-slowly,

radicalZhon.夕-xī-037

description::
· 3 strokes; 夕-xī !=evening.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.evening!=xī-夕,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.xī-夕!=evening,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.夕-xī!=evening,

radicalZhon.大-dà-038

description::
· 3 strokes; 大-dà !=big.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.big!=dà-大,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.dà-大!=big,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.大-dà!=big,

radicalZhon.女-nǚ-039

description::
· 3 strokes; 女-nǚ !=woman.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.woman!=nǚ-女,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.nǚ-女!=woman,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.女-nǚ!=woman,

radicalZhon.子/孑-zǐ-040

description::
· 3 strokes; 子/孑-zǐ !=child.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.child!=zǐ-子/孑,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.zǐ-子/孑!=child,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.子/孑-zǐ!=child,

radicalZhon.宀-mián-041

description::
· 3 strokes; 宀-mián !=roof.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.roof!=mián-宀,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.mián-宀!=roof,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.宀-mián!=roof,

radicalZhon.寸-cùn-042

description::
· 3 strokes; 寸-cùn !=inch.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.inch!=cùn-寸,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.cùn-寸!=inch,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.寸-cùn!=inch,

radicalZhon.小-xiǎo-043

description::
· 3 strokes; 小-xiǎo !=small.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.small!=xiǎo-小,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.xiǎo-小!=small,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.小-xiǎo!=small,

radicalZhon.尢-wāng-044

description::
· 3 strokes; 尢-wāng !=lame.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.lame!=wāng-尢,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.wāng-尢!=lame,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.尢-wāng!=lame,

radicalZhon.尸-shī-045

description::
· 3 strokes; 尸-shī !=corpse.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.corpse!=shī-尸,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.shī-尸!=corpse,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.尸-shī!=corpse,

radicalZhon.屮-chè-046

description::
· 3 strokes; 屮-chè !=sprout.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.sprout!=chè-屮,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.chè-屮!=sprout,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.屮-chè!=sprout,

radicalZhon.山-shān-047

description::
· 3 strokes; 山-shān !=mountain.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.mountain!=shān-山,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.shān-山!=mountain,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.山-shān!=mountain,

radicalZhon.巛/川-chuān-048

description::
· 3 strokes; 巛/川-chuān !=river.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.river!=chuān-巛/川,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.chuān-巛/川!=river,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.巛/川-chuān!=river,

radicalZhon.工-gōng-049

description::
· 3 strokes; 工-gōng !=work.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.work!=gōng-工,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.gōng-工!=work,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.工-gōng!=work,

radicalZhon.己/已/巳-jǐ-050

description::
· 3 strokes; 己/已/巳-jǐ !=oneself.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.oneself!=jǐ-己/已/巳,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.jǐ-己/已/巳!=oneself,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.己/已/巳-jǐ!=oneself,

radicalZhon.巾-jīn-051

description::
· 3 strokes; 巾-jīn !=turban.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.turban!=jīn-巾,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.jīn-巾!=turban,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.巾-jīn!=turban,

radicalZhon.干-gān-052

description::
· 3 strokes; 干-gān !=dry.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.dry!=gān-干,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.gān-干!=dry,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.干-gān!=dry,

radicalZhon.幺/乡-yāo-053

description::
· 3 strokes; 幺/乡-yāo !=short thread.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.short-thread!=yāo-幺/乡,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.yāo-幺/乡!=short-thread,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.幺/乡-yāo!=short-thread,

radicalZhon.广-yǎn-054

description::
· 3 strokes; 广-yǎn !=shelter.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.shelter!=yǎn-广,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.yǎn-广!=shelter,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.广-yǎn!=shelter,

radicalZhon.廴-yǐn-055

description::
· 3 strokes; 廴-yǐn !=long stride.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.long-stride!=yǐn-廴,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.yǐn-廴!=long-stride,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.廴-yǐn!=long-stride,

radicalZhon.廾-gǒng-056

description::
· 3 strokes; 廾-gǒng !=two hands.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.two-hands!=gǒng-廾,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.gǒng-廾!=two-hands,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.廾-gǒng!=two-hands,

radicalZhon.弋-yì-057

description::
· 3 strokes; 弋-yì !=shoot.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.shoot!=yì-弋,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.yì-弋!=shoot,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.弋-yì!=shoot,

radicalZhon.弓-gōng-058

description::
· 3 strokes; 弓-gōng !=bow.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.bow!=gōng-弓,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.gōng-弓!=bow,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.弓-gōng!=bow,

radicalZhon.彐/彑-jì-059

description::
· 3 strokes; 彐/彑-jì !=snout.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.snout!=jì-彐/彑,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.jì-彐/彑!=snout,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.彐/彑-jì!=snout,

radicalZhon.彡-shān-060

description::
· 3 strokes; 彡-shān !=bristle.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.bristle!=shān-彡,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.shān-彡!=bristle,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.彡-shān!=bristle,

radicalZhon.彳-chì-061

description::
· 3 strokes; 彳-chì !=step.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.step!=chì-彳,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.chì-彳!=step,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.彳-chì!=step,

radicalZhon.心/忄-xīn-062

description::
· 3 strokes; 心/忄-xīn !=heart.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.heart!=xīn-心/忄,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.xīn-心/忄!=heart,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.心/忄-xīn!=heart,

radicalZhon.手/扌-shǒu-063

description::
· 3 strokes; 手/扌-shǒu !=hand.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.hand!=shǒu-手/扌,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.shǒu-手/扌!=hand,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.手/扌-shǒu!=hand,

radicalZhon.水/氵/氺-shuǐ-064

description::
· 3 strokes; 水/氵/氺-shuǐ !=water.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.water!=shuǐ-水/氵/氺,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.shuǐ-水/氵/氺!=water,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.水/氵/氺-shuǐ!=water,

radicalZhon.犬/犭-quǎn-065

description::
· 3 strokes; 犬/犭-quǎn !=dog.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.dog!=quǎn-犬/犭,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.quǎn-犬/犭!=dog,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.犬/犭-quǎn!=dog,

radicalZhon.艸/艹-cǎo-066

description::
· 3 strokes; 艸/艹-cǎo !=grass.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.grass!=cǎo-艸/艹,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.cǎo-艸/艹!=grass,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.艸/艹-cǎo!=grass,

radicalZhon.辵/辶-chuò-067

description::
· 3 strokes; 辵/辶-chuò !=walk.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.walk!=chuò-辵/辶,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.chuò-辵/辶!=walk,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.辵/辶-chuò!=walk,

radicalZhon.邑/阝-yì-068

description::
· 3 strokes; 邑/阝(on right side)-yì !=city.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.city!=yì-邑/阝(on-right-side),
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.yì-邑/阝(on-right-side)!=city,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.邑/阝(on-right-side)-yì!=city,

radicalZhon.阜/阝-fù-069

description::
· 3 strokes; 阜/阝(on-left-side)-fù !=mound.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.mound!=fù-阜/阝(on-left-side),
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.fù-阜/阝(on-left-side)!=mound,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.阜/阝(on-left-side)-fù!=mound,

radicalZhon.纟-mì-070

description::
· 3 strokes; 纟-mì !=silk.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.silk!=mì-纟,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.mì-纟!=silk,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.纟-mì!=silk,

radicalZhon.门-mén-071

description::
· 3 strokes; 门-mén !=gate.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.gate!=mén-门,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.mén-门!=gate,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.门-mén!=gate,

radicalZhon.飞-fēi-072

description::
· 3 strokes; 飞-fēi !=fly.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.fly!=fēi-飞,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.fēi-飞!=fly,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.飞-fēi!=fly,

radicalZhon.饣-shí-073

description::
· 3 strokes; 饣-shí !=eat.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.eat!=shí-饣,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.shí-饣!=eat,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.饣-shí!=eat,

radicalZhon.马-mǎ-074

description::
· 3 strokes; 马-mǎ !=horse.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.horse!=mǎ-马,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.mǎ-马!=horse,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.马-mǎ!=horse,

radicalZhon.心/忄-xīn-075

description::
· 4 strokes; 心/忄-xīn !=heart.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.heart!=xīn-心/忄,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.xīn-心/忄!=heart,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.心/忄-xīn!=heart,

radicalZhon.戈-gē-076

description::
· 4 strokes; 戈-gē !=spear.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.spear!=gē-戈,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.gē-戈!=spear,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.戈-gē!=spear,

radicalZhon.戶/户-hù-077

description::
· 4 strokes; 戶/户-hù !=door.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.door!=hù-戶/户,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.hù-戶/户!=door,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.戶/户-hù!=door,

radicalZhon.手/扌-shǒu-078

description::
· 4 strokes; 手/扌-shǒu !=hand.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.hand!=shǒu-手/扌,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.shǒu-手/扌!=hand,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.手/扌-shǒu!=hand,

radicalZhon.支-zhī-079

description::
· 4 strokes; 支-zhī !=branch.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.branch!=zhī-支,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.zhī-支!=branch,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.支-zhī!=branch,

radicalZhon.攴/攵-pū-080

description::
· 4 strokes; 攴/攵-pū !=rap.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.rap!=pū-攴/攵,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.pū-攴/攵!=rap,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.攴/攵-pū!=rap,

radicalZhon.文-wén-081

description::
· 4 strokes; 文-wén !=script.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.script!=wén-文,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.wén-文!=script,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.文-wén!=script,

radicalZhon.斗-dǒu-082

description::
· 4 strokes; 斗-dǒu !=dipper.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.dipper!=dǒu-斗,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.dǒu-斗!=dipper,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.斗-dǒu!=dipper,

radicalZhon.斤-jīn-083

description::
· 4 strokes; 斤-jīn !=axe.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.axe!=jīn-斤,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.jīn-斤!=axe,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.斤-jīn!=axe,

radicalZhon.方-fāng-084

description::
· 4 strokes; 方-fāng !=square.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.square!=fāng-方,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.fāng-方!=square,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.方-fāng!=square,

radicalZhon.无-wú-085

description::
· 4 strokes; 无-wú !=without.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.without!=wú-无,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.wú-无!=without,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.无-wú!=without,

radicalZhon.日-rì-086

description::
· 4 strokes; 日-rì !=sun.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.sun!=rì-日,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.rì-日!=sun,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.日-rì!=sun,

radicalZhon.曰-yuē-087

description::
· 4 strokes; 曰-yuē !=say.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.say!=yuē-曰,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.yuē-曰!=say,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.曰-yuē!=say,

radicalZhon.月-yuè-088

description::
· 4 strokes; 月-yuè !=moon.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.moon!=yuè-月,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.yuè-月!=moon,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.月-yuè!=moon,

radicalZhon.木-mù-089

description::
· 4 strokes; 木-mù !=tree.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.tree!=mù-木,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.mù-木!=tree,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.木-mù!=tree,

radicalZhon.欠-qiàn-090

description::
· 4 strokes; 欠-qiàn !=owe.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.owe!=qiàn-欠,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.qiàn-欠!=owe,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.欠-qiàn!=owe,

radicalZhon.止-zhǐ-091

description::
· 4 strokes; 止-zhǐ !=stop.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.stop!=zhǐ-止,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.zhǐ-止!=stop,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.止-zhǐ!=stop,

radicalZhon.歹-dǎi-092

description::
· 4 strokes; 歹-dǎi !=evil.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.evil!=dǎi-歹,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.dǎi-歹!=evil,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.歹-dǎi!=evil,

radicalZhon.殳-shū-093

description::
· 4 strokes; 殳-shū !=weapon.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.weapon!=shū-殳,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.shū-殳!=weapon,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.殳-shū!=weapon,

radicalZhon.毋/母-wú-094

description::
· 4 strokes; 毋/母-wú !=do not.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.do-not!=wú-毋/母,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.wú-毋/母!=do-not,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.毋/母-wú!=do-not,

radicalZhon.比-bǐ-095

description::
· 4 strokes; 比-bǐ !=compare.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.compare!=bǐ-比,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.bǐ-比!=compare,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.比-bǐ!=compare,

radicalZhon.毛-máo-096

description::
· 4 strokes; 毛-máo !=fur.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.fur!=máo-毛,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.máo-毛!=fur,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.毛-máo!=fur,

radicalZhon.氏-shì-097

description::
· 4 strokes; 氏-shì !=clan.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.clan!=shì-氏,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.shì-氏!=clan,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.氏-shì!=clan,

radicalZhon.气-qì-098

description::
· 4 strokes; 气-qì !=steam.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.steam!=qì-气,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.qì-气!=steam,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.气-qì!=steam,

radicalZhon.水/氵/氺-shuǐ-099

description::
· 4 strokes; 水/氵/氺-shuǐ !=water.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.water!=shuǐ-水/氵/氺,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.shuǐ-水/氵/氺!=water,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.水/氵/氺-shuǐ!=water,

radicalZhon.火/灬-huǒ-100

description::
· 4 strokes; 火/灬-huǒ !=fire.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.fire!=huǒ-火/灬,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.huǒ-火/灬!=fire,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.火/灬-huǒ!=fire,

radicalZhon.爪/爫-zhǎo-101

description::
· 4 strokes; 爪/爫-zhǎo !=claw.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.claw!=zhǎo-爪/爫,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.zhǎo-爪/爫!=claw,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.爪/爫-zhǎo!=claw,

radicalZhon.父-fù-102

description::
· 4 strokes; 父-fù !=father.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.father!=fù-父,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.fù-父!=father,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.父-fù!=father,

radicalZhon.爻-yáo-103

description::
· 4 strokes; 爻-yáo !=line.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.line!=yáo-爻,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.yáo-爻!=line,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.爻-yáo!=line,

radicalZhon.爿-qiáng-104

description::
· 4 strokes; 爿-qiáng !=piece of wood.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.piece-of-wood!=qiáng-爿,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.qiáng-爿!=piece-of-wood,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.爿-qiáng!=piece-of-wood,

radicalZhon.片-piàn-105

description::
· 4 strokes; 片-piàn !=slice.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.slice!=piàn-片,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.piàn-片!=slice,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.片-piàn!=slice,

radicalZhon.牙-yá-106

description::
· 4 strokes; 牙-yá !=tooth.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.tooth!=yá-牙,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.yá-牙!=tooth,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.牙-yá!=tooth,

radicalZhon.牛/牜-niú-107

description::
· 4 strokes; 牛/牜-niú !=cow.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.cow!=niú-牛/牜,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.niú-牛/牜!=cow,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.牛/牜-niú!=cow,

radicalZhon.犬/犭-quǎn-108

description::
· 4 strokes; 犬/犭-quǎn !=dog.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.dog!=quǎn-犬/犭,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.quǎn-犬/犭!=dog,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.犬/犭-quǎn!=dog,

radicalZhon.玉/玊/王-yù-109

description::
· 4 strokes; 玉/玊/王-yù !=jade.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.jade!=yù-玉/玊/王,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.yù-玉/玊/王!=jade,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.玉/玊/王-yù!=jade,

radicalZhon.示/礻-shì-110

description::
· 4 strokes; 示/礻-shì !=spirit.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.spirit!=shì-示/礻,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.shì-示/礻!=spirit,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.示/礻-shì!=spirit,

radicalZhon.网/罒/罓-wǎng-111

description::
· 4 strokes; 网/罒/罓-wǎng !=net.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.net!=wǎng-网/罒/罓,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.wǎng-网/罒/罓!=net,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.网/罒/罓-wǎng!=net,

radicalZhon.老/耂-lǎo-112

description::
· 4 strokes; 老/耂-lǎo !=old.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.old!=lǎo-老/耂,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.lǎo-老/耂!=old,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.老/耂-lǎo!=old,

radicalZhon.艸/艹-cǎo-113

description::
· 4 strokes; 艸/艹-cǎo !=grass.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.grass!=cǎo-艸/艹,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.cǎo-艸/艹!=grass,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.艸/艹-cǎo!=grass,

radicalZhon.辵/辶-chuò-114

description::
· 4 strokes; 辵/辶-chuò !=walk.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.walk!=chuò-辵/辶,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.chuò-辵/辶!=walk,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.辵/辶-chuò!=walk,

radicalZhon.见-jiàn-115

description::
· 4 strokes; 见-jiàn !=see.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.see!=jiàn-见,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.jiàn-见!=see,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.见-jiàn!=see,

radicalZhon.贝-bèi-116

description::
· 4 strokes; 贝-bèi !=shell.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.shell!=bèi-贝,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.bèi-贝!=shell,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.贝-bèi!=shell,

radicalZhon.车-chē-117

description::
· 4 strokes; 车-chē !=cart.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.cart!=chē-车,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.chē-车!=cart,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.车-chē!=cart,

radicalZhon.韦-wéi-118

description::
· 4 strokes; 韦-wéi !=soft leather.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.soft-leather!=wéi-韦,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.wéi-韦!=soft-leather,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.韦-wéi!=soft-leather,

radicalZhon.风-fēng-119

description::
· 4 strokes; 风-fēng !=wind.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.wind!=fēng-风,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.fēng-风!=wind,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.风-fēng!=wind,

radicalZhon.毋/母-wú-120

description::
· 5 strokes; 毋/母-wú !=do not.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.do-not!=wú-毋/母,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.wú-毋/母!=do-not,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.毋/母-wú!=do-not,

radicalZhon.水/氵/氺-shuǐ-121

description::
· 5 strokes; 水/氵/氺-shuǐ !=water.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.water!=shuǐ-水/氵/氺,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.shuǐ-水/氵/氺!=water,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.水/氵/氺-shuǐ!=water,

radicalZhon.玄-xuán-122

description::
· 5 strokes; 玄-xuán !=profound.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.profound!=xuán-玄,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.xuán-玄!=profound,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.玄-xuán!=profound,

radicalZhon.玉/玊/王-yù-123

description::
· 5 strokes; 玉/玊/王-yù !=jade.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.jade!=yù-玉/玊/王,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.yù-玉/玊/王!=jade,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.玉/玊/王-yù!=jade,

radicalZhon.瓜-guā-124

description::
· 5 strokes; 瓜-guā !=melon.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.melon!=guā-瓜,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.guā-瓜!=melon,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.瓜-guā!=melon,

radicalZhon.瓦-wǎ-125

description::
· 5 strokes; 瓦-wǎ !=tile.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.tile!=wǎ-瓦,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.wǎ-瓦!=tile,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.瓦-wǎ!=tile,

radicalZhon.甘-gān-126

description::
· 5 strokes; 甘-gān !=sweet.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.sweet!=gān-甘,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.gān-甘!=sweet,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.甘-gān!=sweet,

radicalZhon.生-shēng-127

description::
· 5 strokes; 生-shēng !=life.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.life!=shēng-生,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.shēng-生!=life,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.生-shēng!=life,

radicalZhon.用-yòng-128

description::
· 5 strokes; 用-yòng !=use.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.use!=yòng-用,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.yòng-用!=use,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.用-yòng!=use,

radicalZhon.田/由/甲/申-tián-129

description::
· 5 strokes; 田/由/甲/申-tián !=field.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.field!=tián-田/由/甲/申,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.tián-田/由/甲/申!=field,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.田/由/甲/申-tián!=field,

radicalZhon.疋-shū-130

description::
· 5 strokes; 疋-shū !=foot.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.foot!=shū-疋,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.shū-疋!=foot,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.疋-shū!=foot,

radicalZhon.疒-chuáng-131

description::
· 5 strokes; 疒-chuáng !=sick.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.sick!=chuáng-疒,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.chuáng-疒!=sick,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.疒-chuáng!=sick,

radicalZhon.癶-bō-132

description::
· 5 strokes; 癶-bō !=legs.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.legs!=bō-癶,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.bō-癶!=legs,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.癶-bō!=legs,

radicalZhon.白-bái-133

description::
· 5 strokes; 白-bái !=white.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.white!=bái-白,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.bái-白!=white,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.白-bái!=white,

radicalZhon.皮-pí-134

description::
· 5 strokes; 皮-pí !=skin.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.skin!=pí-皮,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.pí-皮!=skin,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.皮-pí!=skin,

radicalZhon.皿-mǐn-135

description::
· 5 strokes; 皿-mǐn !=dish.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.dish!=mǐn-皿,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.mǐn-皿!=dish,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.皿-mǐn!=dish,

radicalZhon.目-mù-136

description::
· 5 strokes; 目-mù !=eye.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.eye!=mù-目,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.mù-目!=eye,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.目-mù!=eye,

radicalZhon.矛-máo-137

description::
· 5 strokes; 矛-máo !=spear.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.spear!=máo-矛,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.máo-矛!=spear,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.矛-máo!=spear,

radicalZhon.矢-shǐ-138

description::
· 5 strokes; 矢-shǐ !=arrow.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.arrow!=shǐ-矢,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.shǐ-矢!=arrow,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.矢-shǐ!=arrow,

radicalZhon.石-shí-139

description::
· 5 strokes; 石-shí !=stone.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.stone!=shí-石,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.shí-石!=stone,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.石-shí!=stone,

radicalZhon.示/礻-shì-140

description::
· 5 strokes; 示/礻-shì !=spirit.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.spirit!=shì-示/礻,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.shì-示/礻!=spirit,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.示/礻-shì!=spirit,

radicalZhon.禸-róu-141

description::
· 5 strokes; 禸-róu !=track.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.track!=róu-禸,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.róu-禸!=track,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.禸-róu!=track,

radicalZhon.禾-hé-142

description::
· 5 strokes; 禾-hé !=grain.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.grain!=hé-禾,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.hé-禾!=grain,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.禾-hé!=grain,

radicalZhon.穴-xué-143

description::
· 5 strokes; 穴-xué !=cave.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.cave!=xué-穴,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.xué-穴!=cave,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.穴-xué!=cave,

radicalZhon.立-lì-144

description::
· 5 strokes; 立-lì !=stand.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.stand!=lì-立,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.lì-立!=stand,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.立-lì!=stand,

radicalZhon.网/罒/罓-wǎng-145

description::
· 5 strokes; 网/罒/罓-wǎng !=net.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.net!=wǎng-网/罒/罓,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.wǎng-网/罒/罓!=net,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.网/罒/罓-wǎng!=net,

radicalZhon.衣/衤-yī-146

description::
· 5 strokes; 衣/衤-yī !=clothing.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.clothing!=yī-衣/衤,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.yī-衣/衤!=clothing,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.衣/衤-yī!=clothing,

radicalZhon.钅-jīn-147

description::
· 5 strokes; 钅-jīn !=gold.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.gold!=jīn-钅,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.jīn-钅!=gold,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.钅-jīn!=gold,

radicalZhon.长-cháng-148

description::
· 5 strokes; 长-cháng !=long.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.long!=cháng-长,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.cháng-长!=long,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.长-cháng!=long,

radicalZhon.鸟-niǎo-149

description::
· 5 strokes; 鸟-niǎo !=bird.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.bird!=niǎo-鸟,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.niǎo-鸟!=bird,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.鸟-niǎo!=bird,

radicalZhon.龙-lóng-150

description::
· 5 strokes; 龙-lóng !=dragon.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.dragon!=lóng-龙,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.lóng-龙!=dragon,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.龙-lóng!=dragon,

radicalZhon.竹-zhú-151

description::
· 6 strokes; 竹-zhú !=bamboo.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.bamboo!=zhú-竹,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.zhú-竹!=bamboo,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.竹-zhú!=bamboo,

radicalZhon.米-mǐ-152

description::
· 6 strokes; 米-mǐ !=rice.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.rice!=mǐ-米,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.mǐ-米!=rice,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.米-mǐ!=rice,

radicalZhon.糸/糹-mì-153

description::
· 6 strokes; 糸/糹-mì !=silk.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.silk!=mì-糸/糹,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.mì-糸/糹!=silk,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.糸/糹-mì!=silk,

radicalZhon.缶-fǒu-154

description::
· 6 strokes; 缶-fǒu !=jar.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.jar!=fǒu-缶,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.fǒu-缶!=jar,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.缶-fǒu!=jar,

radicalZhon.网/罒/罓-wǎng-155

description::
· 6 strokes; 网/罒/罓-wǎng !=net.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.net!=wǎng-网/罒/罓,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.wǎng-网/罒/罓!=net,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.网/罒/罓-wǎng!=net,

radicalZhon.羊-yáng-156

description::
· 6 strokes; 羊-yáng !=sheep.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.sheep!=yáng-羊,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.yáng-羊!=sheep,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.羊-yáng!=sheep,

radicalZhon.羽-yǔ-157

description::
· 6 strokes; 羽-yǔ !=feather.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.feather!=yǔ-羽,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.yǔ-羽!=feather,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.羽-yǔ!=feather,

radicalZhon.老/耂-lǎo-158

description::
· 6 strokes; 老/耂-lǎo !=old.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.old!=lǎo-老/耂,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.lǎo-老/耂!=old,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.老/耂-lǎo!=old,

radicalZhon.而-ér-159

description::
· 6 strokes; 而-ér !=and.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.and!=ér-而,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.ér-而!=and,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.而-ér!=and,

radicalZhon.耒-lěi-160

description::
· 6 strokes; 耒-lěi !=plough.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.plough!=lěi-耒,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.lěi-耒!=plough,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.耒-lěi!=plough,

radicalZhon.耳-ěr-161

description::
· 6 strokes; 耳-ěr !=ear.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.ear!=ěr-耳,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.ěr-耳!=ear,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.耳-ěr!=ear,

radicalZhon.聿-yù-162

description::
· 6 strokes; 聿-yù !=brush.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.brush!=yù-聿,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.yù-聿!=brush,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.聿-yù!=brush,

radicalZhon.肉/月-ròu-163

description::
· 6 strokes; 肉/月-ròu !=meat.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.meat!=ròu-肉/月,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.ròu-肉/月!=meat,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.肉/月-ròu!=meat,

radicalZhon.臣-chén-164

description::
· 6 strokes; 臣-chén !=minister.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.minister!=chén-臣,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.chén-臣!=minister,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.臣-chén!=minister,

radicalZhon.自-zì-165

description::
· 6 strokes; 自-zì !=self.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.self!=zì-自,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.zì-自!=self,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.自-zì!=self,

radicalZhon.至-zhì-166

description::
· 6 strokes; 至-zhì !=reach.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.reach!=zhì-至,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.zhì-至!=reach,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.至-zhì!=reach,

radicalZhon.臼-jiù-167

description::
· 6 strokes; 臼-jiù !=mortar.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.mortar!=jiù-臼,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.jiù-臼!=mortar,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.臼-jiù!=mortar,

radicalZhon.舌-shé-168

description::
· 6 strokes; 舌-shé !=tongue.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.tongue!=shé-舌,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.shé-舌!=tongue,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.舌-shé!=tongue,

radicalZhon.舛-chuǎn-169

description::
· 6 strokes; 舛-chuǎn !=oppose.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.oppose!=chuǎn-舛,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.chuǎn-舛!=oppose,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.舛-chuǎn!=oppose,

radicalZhon.舟-zhōu-170

description::
· 6 strokes; 舟-zhōu !=boat.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.boat!=zhōu-舟,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.zhōu-舟!=boat,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.舟-zhōu!=boat,

radicalZhon.艮-gèn-171

description::
· 6 strokes; 艮-gèn !=stop and stare.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.stop-and-stare!=gèn-艮,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.gèn-艮!=stop-and-stare,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.艮-gèn!=stop-and-stare,

radicalZhon.色-sè-172

description::
· 6 strokes; 色-sè !=color.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.color!=sè-色,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.sè-色!=color,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.色-sè!=color,

radicalZhon.艸/艹-cǎo-173

description::
· 6 strokes; 艸/艹-cǎo !=grass.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.grass!=cǎo-艸/艹,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.cǎo-艸/艹!=grass,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.艸/艹-cǎo!=grass,

radicalZhon.虍-hū-174

description::
· 6 strokes; 虍-hū !=tiger.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.tiger!=hū-虍,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.hū-虍!=tiger,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.虍-hū!=tiger,

radicalZhon.虫-chóng-175

description::
· 6 strokes; 虫-chóng !=insect.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.insect!=chóng-虫,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.chóng-虫!=insect,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.虫-chóng!=insect,

radicalZhon.血-xiě-176

description::
· 6 strokes; 血-xiě !=blood.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.blood!=xiě-血,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.xiě-血!=blood,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.血-xiě!=blood,

radicalZhon.行-xíng-177

description::
· 6 strokes; 行-xíng !=walk.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.walk!=xíng-行,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.xíng-行!=walk,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.行-xíng!=walk,

radicalZhon.衣/衤-yī-178

description::
· 6 strokes; 衣/衤-yī !=clothing.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.clothing!=yī-衣/衤,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.yī-衣/衤!=clothing,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.衣/衤-yī!=clothing,

radicalZhon.襾/西/覀-xià-179

description::
· 6 strokes; 襾/西/覀-xià !=cover.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.cover!=xià-襾/西/覀,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.xià-襾/西/覀!=cover,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.襾/西/覀-xià!=cover,

radicalZhon.页-yè-180

description::
· 6 strokes; 页-yè !=page.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.page!=yè-页,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.yè-页!=page,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.页-yè!=page,

radicalZhon.齐-qí-181

description::
· 6 strokes; 齐-qí !=neat.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.neat!=qí-齐,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.qí-齐!=neat,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.齐-qí!=neat,

radicalZhon.見-jiàn-182

description::
· 7 strokes; 見-jiàn !=see.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.see!=jiàn-見,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.jiàn-見!=see,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.見-jiàn!=see,

radicalZhon.角-jiǎo-183

description::
· 7 strokes; 角-jiǎo !=horn.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.horn!=jiǎo-角,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.jiǎo-角!=horn,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.角-jiǎo!=horn,

radicalZhon.言/訁-yán-184

description::
· 7 strokes; 言/訁-yán !=speech.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.speech!=yán-言/訁,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.yán-言/訁!=speech,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.言/訁-yán!=speech,

radicalZhon.谷-gǔ-185

description::
· 7 strokes; 谷-gǔ !=valley.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.valley!=gǔ-谷,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.gǔ-谷!=valley,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.谷-gǔ!=valley,

radicalZhon.豆-dòu-186

description::
· 7 strokes; 豆-dòu !=bean.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.bean!=dòu-豆,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.dòu-豆!=bean,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.豆-dòu!=bean,

radicalZhon.豕-shǐ-187

description::
· 7 strokes; 豕-shǐ !=pig/boar.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.pig/boar!=shǐ-豕,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.shǐ-豕!=pig/boar,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.豕-shǐ!=pig/boar,

radicalZhon.豸-zhì-188

description::
· 7 strokes; 豸-zhì !=fierce animal.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.fierce-animal!=zhì-豸,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.zhì-豸!=fierce-animal,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.豸-zhì!=fierce-animal,

radicalZhon.貝-bèi-189

description::
· 7 strokes; 貝-bèi !=shell.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.shell!=bèi-貝,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.bèi-貝!=shell,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.貝-bèi!=shell,

radicalZhon.赤-chì-190

description::
· 7 strokes; 赤-chì !=red.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.red!=chì-赤,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.chì-赤!=red,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.赤-chì!=red,

radicalZhon.走-zǒu-191

description::
· 7 strokes; 走-zǒu !=run.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.run!=zǒu-走,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.zǒu-走!=run,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.走-zǒu!=run,

radicalZhon.足-zú-192

description::
· 7 strokes; 足-zú !=foot.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.foot!=zú-足,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.zú-足!=foot,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.足-zú!=foot,

radicalZhon.身-shēn-193

description::
· 7 strokes; 身-shēn !=body.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.body!=shēn-身,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.shēn-身!=body,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.身-shēn!=body,

radicalZhon.車-chē-194

description::
· 7 strokes; 車-chē !=cart.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.cart!=chē-車,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.chē-車!=cart,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.車-chē!=cart,

radicalZhon.辛-xīn-195

description::
· 7 strokes; 辛-xīn !=bitter.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.bitter!=xīn-辛,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.xīn-辛!=bitter,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.辛-xīn!=bitter,

radicalZhon.辰-chén-196

description::
· 7 strokes; 辰-chén !=morning.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.morning!=chén-辰,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.chén-辰!=morning,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.辰-chén!=morning,

radicalZhon.辵/辶-chuò-197

description::
· 7 strokes; 辵/辶-chuò !=walk.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.walk!=chuò-辵/辶,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.chuò-辵/辶!=walk,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.辵/辶-chuò!=walk,

radicalZhon.邑/阝-yì-198

description::
· 7 strokes; 邑/阝(on-right-side)-yì !=city.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.city!=yì-邑/阝(on-right-side),
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.yì-邑/阝(on-right-side)!=city,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.邑/阝(on-right-side)-yì!=city,

radicalZhon.酉-yǒu-199

description::
· 7 strokes; 酉-yǒu !=wine vessel.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.wine-vessel!=yǒu-酉,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.yǒu-酉!=wine-vessel,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.酉-yǒu!=wine-vessel,

radicalZhon.釆-biàn-200

description::
· 7 strokes; 釆-biàn !=discern.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.discern!=biàn-釆,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.biàn-釆!=discern,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.釆-biàn!=discern,

radicalZhon.里-lǐ-201

description::
· 7 strokes; 里-lǐ !=village.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.village!=lǐ-里,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.lǐ-里!=village,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.里-lǐ!=village,

radicalZhon.卤-lǔ-202

description::
· 7 strokes; 卤-lǔ !=salt.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.salt!=lǔ-卤,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.lǔ-卤!=salt,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.卤-lǔ!=salt,

radicalZhon.麦-mài-203

description::
· 7 strokes; 麦-mài !=wheat.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.wheat!=mài-麦,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.mài-麦!=wheat,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.麦-mài!=wheat,

radicalZhon.龟-guī-204

description::
· 7 strokes; 龟-guī !=turtle.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.turtle!=guī-龟,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.guī-龟!=turtle,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.龟-guī!=turtle,

radicalZhon.金/釒-jīn-205

description::
· 8 strokes; 金/釒-jīn !=gold.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.gold!=jīn-金/釒,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.jīn-金/釒!=gold,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.金/釒-jīn!=gold,

radicalZhon.長-cháng-206

description::
· 8 strokes; 長-cháng !=long.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.long!=cháng-長,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.cháng-長!=long,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.長-cháng!=long,

radicalZhon.門-mén-207

description::
· 8 strokes; 門-mén !=gate.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.gate!=mén-門,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.mén-門!=gate,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.門-mén!=gate,

radicalZhon.阜|阝-fù-208

description::
· 8 strokes; 阜/阝(on-left-side)-fù !=mound.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.mound!=fù-阜|阝(on-left-side),
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.fù-阜|阝(on-left-side)!=mound,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.阜|阝(on-left-side)-fù!=mound,

radicalZhon.隶-dài-209

description::
· 8 strokes; 隶-dài !=slave.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.slave!=dài-隶,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.dài-隶!=slave,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.隶-dài!=slave,

radicalZhon.隹-zhuī-210

description::
· 8 strokes; 隹-zhuī !=short-tailed bird.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.short-tailed-bird!=zhuī-隹,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.zhuī-隹!=short-tailed-bird,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.隹-zhuī!=short-tailed-bird,

radicalZhon.雨-yǔ-211

description::
· 8 strokes; 雨-yǔ !=rain.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.rain!=yǔ-雨,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.yǔ-雨!=rain,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.雨-yǔ!=rain,

radicalZhon.青-qīng-212

description::
· 8 strokes; 青-qīng !=green.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.green!=qīng-青,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.qīng-青!=green,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.青-qīng!=green,

radicalZhon.非-fēi-213

description::
· 8 strokes; 非-fēi !=wrong.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.wrong!=fēi-非,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.fēi-非!=wrong,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.非-fēi!=wrong,

radicalZhon.鱼-yú-214

description::
· 8 strokes; 鱼-yú !=fish.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.fish!=yú-鱼,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.yú-鱼!=fish,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.鱼-yú!=fish,

radicalZhon.黾-mǐn-215

description::
· 8 strokes; 黾-mǐn !=frog.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.frog!=mǐn-黾,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.mǐn-黾!=frog,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.黾-mǐn!=frog,

radicalZhon.齿-chǐ-216

description::
· 8 strokes; 齿-chǐ !=teeth.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.teeth!=chǐ-齿,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.chǐ-齿!=teeth,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.齿-chǐ!=teeth,

radicalZhon.面-miàn-217

description::
· 9 strokes; 面-miàn !=face.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.face!=miàn-面,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.miàn-面!=face,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.面-miàn!=face,

radicalZhon.革-gé-218

description::
· 9 strokes; 革-gé !=leather.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.leather!=gé-革,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.gé-革!=leather,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.革-gé!=leather,

radicalZhon.韋-wéi-219

description::
· 9 strokes; 韋-wéi !=soft leather.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.soft-leather!=wéi-韋,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.wéi-韋!=soft-leather,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.韋-wéi!=soft-leather,

radicalZhon.韭-jiǔ-220

description::
· 9 strokes; 韭-jiǔ !=leek.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.leek!=jiǔ-韭,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.jiǔ-韭!=leek,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.韭-jiǔ!=leek,

radicalZhon.音-yīn-221

description::
· 9 strokes; 音-yīn !=sound.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.sound!=yīn-音,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.yīn-音!=sound,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.音-yīn!=sound,

radicalZhon.頁-yè-222

description::
· 9 strokes; 頁-yè !=page.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.page!=yè-頁,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.yè-頁!=page,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.頁-yè!=page,

radicalZhon.風-fēng-223

description::
· 9 strokes; 風-fēng !=wind.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.wind!=fēng-風,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.fēng-風!=wind,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.風-fēng!=wind,

radicalZhon.飛-fēi-224

description::
· 9 strokes; 飛-fēi !=fly.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.fly!=fēi-飛,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.fēi-飛!=fly,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.飛-fēi!=fly,

radicalZhon.食/飠-shí-225

description::
· 9 strokes; 食/飠-shí !=eat.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.eat!=shí-食/飠,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.shí-食/飠!=eat,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.食/飠-shí!=eat,

radicalZhon.首-shǒu-226

description::
· 9 strokes; 首-shǒu !=head.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.head!=shǒu-首,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.shǒu-首!=head,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.首-shǒu!=head,

radicalZhon.香-xiāng-227

description::
· 9 strokes; 香-xiāng !=fragrant.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.fragrant!=xiāng-香,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.xiāng-香!=fragrant,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.香-xiāng!=fragrant,

radicalZhon.馬-mǎ-228

description::
· 10 strokes; 馬-mǎ !=horse.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.horse!=mǎ-馬,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.mǎ-馬!=horse,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.馬-mǎ!=horse,

radicalZhon.骨-gǔ-229

description::
· 10 strokes; 骨-gǔ !=bone.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.bone!=gǔ-骨,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.gǔ-骨!=bone,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.骨-gǔ!=bone,

radicalZhon.高-gāo-230

description::
· 10 strokes; 高-gāo !=tall.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.tall!=gāo-高,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.gāo-高!=tall,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.高-gāo!=tall,

radicalZhon.髟-biāo-231

description::
· 10 strokes; 髟-biāo !=hair.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.hair!=biāo-髟,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.biāo-髟!=hair,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.髟-biāo!=hair,

radicalZhon.鬥-dòu-232

description::
· 10 strokes; 鬥-dòu !=fight.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.fight!=dòu-鬥,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.dòu-鬥!=fight,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.鬥-dòu!=fight,

radicalZhon.鬯-chàng-233

description::
· 10 strokes; 鬯-chàng !=sacrificial wine.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.sacrificial-wine!=chàng-鬯,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.chàng-鬯!=sacrificial-wine,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.鬯-chàng!=sacrificial-wine,

radicalZhon.鬲-lì-234

description::
· 10 strokes; 鬲-lì !=cauldron.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.cauldron!=lì-鬲,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.lì-鬲!=cauldron,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.鬲-lì!=cauldron,

radicalZhon.鬼-guǐ-235

description::
· 10 strokes; 鬼-guǐ !=ghost.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.ghost!=guǐ-鬼,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.guǐ-鬼!=ghost,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.鬼-guǐ!=ghost,

radicalZhon.魚-yú-236

description::
· 11 strokes; 魚-yú !=fish.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.fish!=yú-魚,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.yú-魚!=fish,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.魚-yú!=fish,

radicalZhon.鳥-niǎo-237

description::
· 11 strokes; 鳥-niǎo !=bird.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.bird!=niǎo-鳥,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.niǎo-鳥!=bird,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.鳥-niǎo!=bird,

radicalZhon.鹵-lǔ-238

description::
· 11 strokes; 鹵-lǔ !=salt.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.salt!=lǔ-鹵,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.lǔ-鹵!=salt,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.鹵-lǔ!=salt,

radicalZhon.鹿-lù-239

description::
· 11 strokes; 鹿-lù !=deer.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.deer!=lù-鹿,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.lù-鹿!=deer,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.鹿-lù!=deer,

radicalZhon.麥-mài-240

description::
· 11 strokes; 麥-mài !=wheat.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.wheat!=mài-麥,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.mài-麥!=wheat,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.麥-mài!=wheat,

radicalZhon.麻-má-241

description::
· 11 strokes; 麻-má !=hemp.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.hemp!=má-麻,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.má-麻!=hemp,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.麻-má!=hemp,

radicalZhon.黄-huáng-242

description::
· 11 strokes; 黄-huáng !=yellow.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.yellow!=huáng-黄,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.huáng-黄!=yellow,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.黄-huáng!=yellow,

radicalZhon.黃-huáng-243

description::
· 12 strokes; 黃-huáng !=yellow.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.yellow!=huáng-黃,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.huáng-黃!=yellow,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.黃-huáng!=yellow,

radicalZhon.黍-shǔ-244

description::
· 12 strokes; 黍-shǔ !=millet.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.millet!=shǔ-黍,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.shǔ-黍!=millet,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.黍-shǔ!=millet,

radicalZhon.黑-hēi-245

description::
· 12 strokes; 黑-hēi !=black.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.black!=hēi-黑,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.hēi-黑!=black,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.黑-hēi!=black,

radicalZhon.黹-zhǐ-246

description::
· 12 strokes; 黹-zhǐ !=embroider.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.embroider!=zhǐ-黹,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.zhǐ-黹!=embroider,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.黹-zhǐ!=embroider,

radicalZhon.黽-mǐn-247

description::
· 13 strokes; 黽-mǐn !=frog.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.frog!=mǐn-黽,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.mǐn-黽!=frog,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.黽-mǐn!=frog,

radicalZhon.鼎-dǐng-248

description::
· 13 strokes; 鼎-dǐng !=tripod.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.tripod!=dǐng-鼎,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.dǐng-鼎!=tripod,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.鼎-dǐng!=tripod,

radicalZhon.鼓-gǔ-249

description::
· 13 strokes; 鼓-gǔ !=drum.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.drum!=gǔ-鼓,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.gǔ-鼓!=drum,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.鼓-gǔ!=drum,

radicalZhon.鼠-shǔ-250

description::
· 13 strokes; 鼠-shǔ !=rat.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.rat!=shǔ-鼠,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.shǔ-鼠!=rat,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.鼠-shǔ!=rat,

radicalZhon.鼻-bí-251

description::
· 14 strokes; 鼻-bí !=nose.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.nose!=bí-鼻,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.bí-鼻!=nose,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.鼻-bí!=nose,

radicalZhon.齊-qí-252

description::
· 14 strokes; 齊-qí !=neat.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.neat!=qí-齊,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.qí-齊!=neat,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.齊-qí!=neat,

radicalZhon.齒-chǐ-253

description::
· 15 strokes; 齒-chǐ !=teeth.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.teeth!=chǐ-齒,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.chǐ-齒!=teeth,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.齒-chǐ!=teeth,

radicalZhon.龍-lóng-254

description::
· 16 strokes; 龍-lóng !=dragon.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.dragon!=lóng-龍,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.lóng-龍!=dragon,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.龍-lóng!=dragon,

radicalZhon.龜-guī-255

description::
· 16 strokes; 龜-guī !=turtle.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.turtle!=guī-龜,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.guī-龜!=turtle,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.龜-guī!=turtle,

radicalZhon.龠-yuè-256

description::
· 17 strokes; 龠-yuè !=flute.
[{2021-10-12 retrieved} https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=radicals&cdqraddm=1]

name::
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.flute!=yuè-龠,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.yuè-龠!=flute,
* McsEngl.radicalZhon.龠-yuè!=flute,

Unicode-block with charZhon

description::
* sum: 93,828 chars;
* CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A; 13,312-19,903; 6,582 chars;
* CJK Unified Ideographs; 19,968-40,959; 20,976 chars;
* CJK Compatibility Ideographs; 63,744-64,255; 472 chars;
* CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B; 131,072-173,791; 42,711 chars;
* CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C; 173,824-177,983; 4,149 chars;
* CJK Unified Ideographs Extension D; 177,984-178,207; 222 chars;
* CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E; 178,208-183,983; 5,762 chars;
* CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F; 183,984-191,471; 7,473 chars;
* CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement; 194,560-195,103; 542 chars;
* CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G; 196,608-201,551; 4,939 chars;
===
· Table 18-1. Blocks Containing Han Ideographs
* Block; Range; Comment
* CJK Unified Ideographs; 4E00–9FFF Common (19968-40959 20,976 chars)
* CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A; 3400–4DBF; Rare (13312-19903 6,582 chars)
* CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B; 20000–2A6DF; Rare, historic (131072-173791 42,711 chars)
* CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C; 2A700–2B73F; Rare, historic (173824-177983 4,149 chars)
* CJK Unified Ideographs Extension D; 2B740–2B81F; Uncommon, some in current use (177984-178207 222 chars)
* CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E; 2B820–2CEAF; Rare, historic (178208-183983 5,762 chars)
* CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F; 2CEB0–2EBEF; Rare, historic (183984-191471 7,473 chars)
* CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G; 30000–3134F; Rare, historic (196608-201551 4,939 chars)
* CJK Compatibility Ideographs; F900–FAFF; Duplicates, unifiable variants, corporate characters (63744-64255 472 chars)
* CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement; 2F800–2FA1F; Unifiable variants (194560-195103 542 chars)
[{2021-09} https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode14.0.0/UnicodeStandard-14.0.pdf]

name::
* McsEngl.charZhon'Unicode-block,

charZhon.aggregate

description::
Number of characters in Chinese dictionaries[8]
Date; Name of dictionary; Number of characters
100; Shuowen Jiezi; 9,353
543?; Yupian; 12,158
601; Qieyun; 16,917
1011; Guangyun; 26,194
1039; Jiyun; 53,525
1615; Zihui; 33,179
1716; Kangxi Zidian; 47,035
1916; Zhonghua Da Zidian; 48,000
1989; Hanyu Da Zidian; 54,000
1994; Zhonghua Zihai; 85,568
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_character]

name::
* McsEngl.charZhonAgg,
* McsEngl.charZhon.aggregate,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.zìdiǎn-字典!=charZhonAgg,
* McsZhon.字典-zìdiǎn!=charZhonAgg,
"Chinese character dictionary (containing entries for single characters, contrasted with a 词典, which has entries for words of one or more characters); (coll.) dictionary"
[{2022-01-12 retrieved} https://www.yellowbridge.com/chinese/dictionary.php?word=%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8&cache=29289]

charZhon.simplified

description::
"Simplified Chinese characters (简化字; jiǎnhuàzì)[1] are standardized Chinese characters used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore, as prescribed by the Table of General Standard Chinese Characters. Along with traditional Chinese characters, they are one of the two standard character sets of the contemporary Chinese written language. The government of the People's Republic of China in mainland China has promoted them for use in printing since the 1950s and 1960s to encourage literacy.[2] They are officially used in the People's Republic of China, Malaysia and Singapore, while traditional Chinese characters are used in Hong Kong, Macau, the Republic of China (Taiwan) as well as South Korea to a certain extent and occasionally in the Chinese community of Malaysia and Singapore.
Simplified Chinese characters may be referred to by their official name above or colloquially 简体字; About this soundjiǎntǐzì. In its broadest sense, the latter term refers to all characters that have undergone simplifications of character "structure" or "body",[3] some of which have existed for millennia alongside regular, more complicated forms. On the other hand, the official name refers to the modern systematically simplified character set, which (as stated by then-Chairman Mao Zedong in 1952) includes not only structural simplification but also substantial reduction in the total number of standardized Chinese characters.[4]
Simplified character forms were created by reducing the number of strokes and simplifying the forms of a sizable proportion of Chinese characters. Some simplifications were based on popular cursive forms embodying graphic or phonetic simplifications of the traditional forms. Some characters were simplified by applying regular rules, for example, by replacing all occurrences of a certain component with a simplified version of the component. Variant characters with the same pronunciation and identical meaning were reduced to a single standardized character, usually the simplest amongst all variants in form. Finally, many characters were left untouched by simplification and are thus identical between the traditional and simplified Chinese orthographies.
A second round of simplifications was promulgated in 1977, but was later retracted in 1986 for a variety of reasons, largely due to the confusion caused and the unpopularity of the second round simplifications.[5]
In August 2009, China began collecting public comments for a modified list of simplified characters.[6][7][8][9] The new Table of General Standard Chinese Characters consisting of 8,105 (simplified and unchanged) characters was officially implemented for use by the State Council of the People's Republic of China on June 5, 2013.[10]"
[{2021-10-03 retrieved} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters]

name::
* McsEngl.charZhon.simplified,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.jiǎnhuàzì-简化字,
* McsZhon.jiǎntǐzì-简体字!~informal,
* McsZhon.简化字-jiǎnhuàzì,

charZhon.traditional

description::
"Traditional Chinese characters (traditional Chinese: 正體字/繁體字; simplified Chinese: 正体字/繁体字, Pinyin: Zhèngtǐzì/Fántǐzì)[3] are one type of standard Chinese character sets of the contemporary written Chinese. The traditional characters had taken shapes since the clerical change and mostly remained in the same structure they took at the introduction of the regular script in the 2nd century.[1] Over the following centuries, traditional characters were regarded as the standard form of printed Chinese characters or literary Chinese throughout the Sinosphere until the middle of the 20th century,[1][4][5] before different script reforms initiated by countries using Chinese characters as a writing system.[4][6][7]
Traditional Chinese characters remain in common use in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau, as well as in most overseas Chinese communities outside Southeast Asia;[8] In addition, Hanja in Korean language remains virtually identical to traditional form, which is still used to a certain extent in South Korea. Though there is a few divergence of which variants to be adopted in the standardised traditional characters among these regions. In Taiwan, the standardisation of traditional characters is stipulated through the promulgation of the Standard Form of National Characters, which is regulated by Taiwan's Ministry of Education. In contrast, simplified Chinese characters are used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore in official publications.
The debate on traditional and simplified Chinese characters has been a long-running issue among Chinese communities.[9][10] Currently, many Chinese online newspapers allow users to switch between both character sets.[2]"
[{2021-10-03 retrieved} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters]

name::
* McsEngl.charZhon.traditional,
* McsEngl.traditional-Chinese-character,
* McsEngl.traditional-charZhon,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.zhèngtǐzì/fántǐzì-正体字/繁体字-(正體字/繁體字),
* McsZhon.正体字/繁体字-(正體字/繁體字)-zhèngtǐzì/fántǐzì,

unit-system (link) of logoZhon

name-(decoding-unit) of logoZhon

description::
· name-of-lagZhon is a-logo-node that denotes a-semo-concept.

name::
* McsEngl.decoding-unit--of-lagZhon!⇒nameZhon,
* McsEngl.lagZhon'mapping-unit!⇒nameZhon,
* McsEngl.lagZhon'name!⇒nameZhon,
* McsEngl.lagZhon-node.semantic-unit!⇒nameZhon,
* McsEngl.lagZhon-name!⇒nameZhon,
* McsEngl.logo-name--of-lagZhon!⇒nameZhon,
* McsEngl.mapping-unit--of-lagZhon!⇒nameZhon,
* McsEngl.nameZhon,
* McsEngl.nameLogZhon!⇒nameZhon,
* McsEngl.semantic-unit--of-lagZhon!⇒nameZhon,
* McsEngl.output-name-of-lagZhon!⇒nameZhon,

meaning of nameZhon

description::
· because namesZhon denote many syntactosemo-names, the-context is crucial for figuring-out its meaning.

name::
* McsEngl.nameZhon'meaning,

nameZhon.SPECIFIC

description::
* term-nameZhon,
* termNo-nameZhon,
===
* ondo,
* verb,
* conjunction,
===
* lagSpchZhon-nameZhon,
* lagSylbZhon-nameZhon,
===
* pronoun,

name::
* McsEngl.nameZhon.specific,

nameZhon.term

description::
· termZhon is a-nameZhon which is termHmnm, ie it is-comprised of main-name-units, the-syllabograms.
· we can-not-distinguish the-types of Chinese-terms from their appearance, only from their syntax.
· also, the-syntactic-terms that denote the-same mind-concept, have the-same content-part.

name::
* McsEngl.Chinese-term!⇒termZhon,
* McsEngl.Standard-Chinese-term!⇒termZhon,
* McsEngl.lagZhon'term!⇒termZhon,
* McsEngl.nameZhon.term!⇒termZhon,
* McsEngl.termZhon,

form-part of termZhon

description::
· the-part without auxiliary-term-words.

name::
* McsEngl.TermformZhon,
* McsEngl.content-part--of-termZhon!⇒TermformZhon,
* McsEngl.form-part--of-termZhon!⇒TermformZhon,
* McsEngl.termZhon'content-part!⇒TermformZhon,
* McsEngl.termZhon'form-part!⇒TermformZhon,
* McsEngl.termZhon/form!⇒TermformZhon,

auxiliary-part of termZhon

description::
· the-part with auxiliary-term-words.

name::
* McsEngl.TermauxZhon,
* McsEngl.termZhon'auxiliary-part!⇒TermauxZhon,
* McsEngl.termZhon/auxiliary!⇒TermauxZhon,

member of termZhon

description::
· a-termZhon\a\ if denotes a-semo-concept\b\ with many members, then has many related terms\c\ that denote this\b\ semo-concept.
· all these\c\ terms, are its\a\ members.
· nouns and verbs are multimembers and conjunctions monomembers.

name::
* McsEngl.termZhon'member,

member-finder of termZhon

description::
· termerZhon is an-entity that finds the-members of a-termZhon.

name::
* McsEngl.member-finder-of-termZhon!⇒termerZhon,
* McsEngl.termerZhon,
* McsEngl.termZhon'member-finder!⇒termerZhon,

generic-tree-of-termerZhon::
* member-finder,

specific-tree-of-termerZhon::
* ondo-termerZhon,
* verb-termerZhon,

termZhon.SPECIFIC

description::
* ondo-termZhon,
* verb-termZhon,
* conjunction-termZhon,

name::
* McsEngl.termZhon.specific,

termZhon.specifics-division.on-syntax-and-meaning

description::
* noun-termZhon,
* adjective-termZhon,
* adverb-termZhon,
* verb-termZhon,
* conjunction-termZhon,

name::
* McsEngl.syntactosemo-termZhon,
* McsEngl.termZhon.specifics-division.on-syntax,

nameZhon.termNo

description::
· termNoZhon is a-nameZhon which is-not term (= it is-not-created with syllabograms of phonemes).
· an-example is the-conceptograms.

name::
* McsEngl.Chinese-termNo!⇒termNoZhon,
* McsEngl.Standard-Chinese-termNo!⇒termNoZhon,
* McsEngl.lagZhon'termNo!⇒termNoZhon,
* McsEngl.nameZhon.termNo!⇒termNoZhon,
* McsEngl.termNoZhon,

nameZhon.space

description::
· space-nameZhon is a-nameZhon that denotes space.

name::
* McsEngl.nameZhon.space,
* McsEngl.space-nameZhon,

specific::
* accross,
* along,
* anyplace,
* anywhere,
* around,
* away,
* behind,
* beside,
* east,
* elsewhere,
* everywhere,
* far,
* here,
* infront,
* inside,
* left,
* near,
* north,
* nowhere,
* outside,
* right,
* someplace,
* somewhere,
* south,
* there,
* west,
* where,

nameZhon.time

description::
· time-nameZhon is a-nameZhon that denotes time.

name::
* McsEngl.nameZhon.time,
* McsEngl.time-nameZhon,

addressWpg::
* https://vividchinese.com/time-order-in-chinese/,

specific::
* afternoon,
* ago,
* always,
* anytime,
* early,
* just,
* late,
* lately,
* later,
* latest,
* mature,
* morning,
* never,
* night,
* noon,
* now,
* old,
* present,
* prior,
* quickly,
* recently,
* recently,
* slowly,
* someday,
* sometime,
* sometimes,
* subsequent,
* subsequently,
* then,
* today,
* tomorrow,
* tonight,
* when,
* yesterday,
* yet,
* young,

nameZhon.zài-在

description::
· Part of Speech: (动) verb, (介) preposition, (副) adverb
· English Definition: (located) at; (to be) in; to exist; in the middle of doing something; (indicating an action in progress)
[{2021-11-25 retrieved} https://www.yellowbridge.com/chinese/dictionary.php]

name::
* McsEngl.nameZhon.zài-在,
* McsEngl.nameZhon.在-zài,

ondo-name of logoZhon

description::
· ondoZhon is a-SET of terms that denote ONE semo-ondo\a\ (any entity) with or without some relations of it\a\.
· it has 3 members: noun, adjective and adverbs.
· Standard-Chinese-ondo is the-Standard-Chinese ondo.
· it denotes a-Standard-Chinese-semo-ondo.

name::
* McsEngl.Chinese-ondo!⇒ondoZhon,
* McsEngl.Standard-Chinese-ondo!⇒ondoZhon,
* McsEngl.lagZhon'ondo!⇒ondoZhon,
* McsEngl.nameZhon.ondo!⇒ondoZhon,
* McsEngl.ondoZhon,

member of ondoZhon

description::
· a-ondoZhon\a\ is a-SET of termZhon\b\ that denote ONE ondoSemoZhon timelesly.
· these\b\ terms are the-members of it\a\.

name::
* McsEngl.NounmbrZhon!⇒OndombrZhon,
* McsEngl.OndombrZhon,
* McsEngl.ondoZhon'member!⇒OndombrZhon,

form (link) of OndombrZhon

auxiliary-part (link) of OndombrZhon

OndombrZhon.SPECIFIC

description::
* noun-OndombrZhon,
* adjective-OndombrZhon,
* adverb-OndombrZhon,
===
* specialNo-relationNo-OndombrZhon,
* special-OndombrZhon,
* specialNo-OndombrZhon,
* relation-OndombrZhon,
* relationNo-OndombrZhon,
===
* generic-OndombrZhon,
* atomic-OndombrZhon,

name::
* McsEngl.OndombrZhon.specific,

OndombrZhon.special

description::
· special-OndombrZhon is a-OndombrZhon that denotes special sms-attributes in relation to ordinary-ondo-members.

name::
* McsEngl.OndombrZhon.special!⇒NounmbrSpclZhon,
* McsEngl.NounmbrSpclZhon,

specific::
* special-nounZhon,
* special-NounmbrCaseZhon,

OndombrZhon.specialNo

description::
· ordinary-OndombrZhon is a-not-NounmbrSpclZhon.

name::
* McsEngl.OndombrZhon.specialNo!⇒NounmbrSpclNoZhon,
* McsEngl.NounmbrSpclNoZhon,
* McsEngl.nounSpclNoZhon!⇒NounmbrSpclNoZhon,
* McsEngl.ordinary-OndombrZhon!⇒NounmbrSpclNoZhon,

specific::
* specialNo-relation,
* specialNo-relation-adjective,
* specialNo-relation-adverb,
* specialNo-relation-case,
* specialNo-relationNo,

OndombrZhon.relation

description::
· relation-ondo-member-of-lagZhon is a-lagHmnm-relation-ondo-member of lagZhon (a-ondo-member that denotes a-semo-ondo-member\a\ and a-semo-conjunction of it\a\).

name::
* McsEngl.NounmbrRltnZhon,
* McsEngl.logo-relation-ondo--of-lagZhon,

specific::
* logo-ondo-relation-special,
* logo-ondo-relation-specialNo,
===
* logo-case-special,
* logo-case-specialNo,
* logo-adjective-special,
* logo-adjective-specialNo,
* logo-adverb-special,
* logo-adverb-specialNo,

OndombrZhon.relation.specialNo

description::
· ordinary-relation-OndombrZhon is a-nounOrdnAttHmn of lagZhon.

name::
* McsEngl.ordinary-relation-OndombrZhon!⇒nounOrdnRltnZhon,
* McsEngl.nounOrdnRltnZhon,

specific::
* ordinary-adjective--of-lagZhon,
* ordinary-adverb--of-lagZhon,
* ordinary-case--of-lagZhon,

OndombrZhon.relationNo

description::
· a-OndombrZhon that does-not-denote AND a-relation of the-semo-node denoted.

name::
* McsEngl.NounmbrRltnNoZhon,

OndombrZhon.atomic

description::
· atomic-ondo-member-of-lagZhon is a-Nounatm which denotes one or more atomic-semo-ondos.
* NounatmZhon01-,

name::
* McsEngl.NounatmZhon,
* McsEngl.NounatmZhon!⇒NounatmZhon,
* McsEngl.OndombrZhon.atomic!⇒NounatmZhon,
* McsEngl.OndombrZhon.individual!⇒NounatmZhon,
* McsEngl.atomic-member--of-ondoZhon!⇒NounatmZhon,
* McsEngl.individual-OndombrZhon!⇒NounatmZhon,

OndombrZhon.atomicNo

description::
· generic-OndombrZhon is a-generic-nounHmn of lagZhon.

name::
* McsEngl.NounatmNZhon,
* McsEngl.OndombrZhon.atomicNo!⇒NounatmNZhon,
* McsEngl.generic-OndombrZhon!⇒NounatmNZhon,
* McsEngl.atomicNo-OndombrZhon!⇒NounatmNZhon,

specific-tree-of-NounatmNZhon::
* main-OndombrZhon,
* case-OndombrZhon,
* adjvective-OndombrZhon,
* adverb-OndombrZhon,
* relation-OndombrZhon,
* relationNo-OndombrZhon,
* special-OndombrZhon,
* specialNo-OndombrZhon,

noun-term

description::
· noun-of-lagZhon is an-Ondombr (= it denotes ANY entity) except adjective and adverb.

name::
* McsEngl.OndombrZhon.noun!⇒nounZhon,
* McsEngl.nounZhon,
* McsEngl.noun-of-lagZhon!⇒nounZhon,

form-part of nounZhon

description::
· it is the-non auxiliary-part.

name::
* McsEngl.NounformZhon,
* McsEngl.auxiliaryNo-part-of-nounZhon!⇒NounformZhon,
* McsEngl.nounZhon'form-part!⇒NounformZhon,
* McsEngl.nounZhon'partA!⇒NounformZhon,

auxiliary-part of nounZhon

description::
· it is the-part that is the-same in all or many nouns.
· contains auxiliary-words.

name::
* McsEngl.NounauxZhon,
* McsEngl.nounZhon'auxiliary-part!⇒NounauxZhon,
* McsEngl.nounZhon'partB!⇒NounauxZhon,
* McsEngl.auxiliary-part-of-nounZhon!⇒NounauxZhon,

NounauxZhon.men-们

description::
· 们-men forms the-plural for personal pronouns or nouns only.
· words like “几” “成千上万” “很多” etc. all imply quantity, don’t need “们” after the noun or pronoun.

· stxZhon: 五本书 Wǔ běn shū != five books.
· stxZhon: 五个学生 Wǔ gè xuéshēng != five students.
[{2023-05-22 retrieved} https://www.digmandarin.com/top-20-common-mistakes-chinese-learners-make.html]

name::
* McsEngl.NounauxZhon.men-们,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.men-们-NounauxZhon,
* McsZhon.们-men-NounauxZhon,

NounauxZhon.measure-word

description::
· denote unit-of-measurement.
===
"The terms "classifier" and "measure word" are frequently used interchangeably (as equivalent to the Chinese term 量词 (量詞) liàngcí, which literally means "measure word"). Sometimes, however, the two are distinguished, with classifier denoting a particle without any particular meaning of its own, as in the example above, and measure word denoting a word for a particular quantity or measurement of something, such as "drop", "cupful", or "liter". The latter type also includes certain words denoting lengths of time, units of currency, etc. These two types are alternatively called count-classifier and mass-classifier, since the first type can only meaningfully be used with count nouns, while the second is used particularly with mass nouns. However, the grammatical behavior of words of the two types is largely identical."
[{2021-10-03 retrieved} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_classifier]

name::
* McsEngl.NounauxZhon.classifier!⇒Zhonmw,
* McsEngl.NounauxZhon.measure-word!⇒Zhonmw,
* McsEngl.Zhonmw,
* McsEngl.Zhonnounmw!⇒Zhonmw,
* McsEngl.classifier-of-NounZhon!⇒Zhonmw,
* McsEngl.measure-word-of-NounZhon!⇒Zhonmw,
* McsEngl.nounZhon'measure-word!⇒Zhonmw,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.liàngcí-量词-(量詞)!~measure-word!=Zhonmw,
* McsZhon.量词-(量詞)-liàngcí!~measure-word!=Zhonmw,

descriptionLong::
· stxZhon: 他是个老外。 :: _stxSbj:[Tā] _stxVrb:{shì} _stxSbjc:[gè lǎowài]. != He is a foreigner.
· stxZhon: 老师，我有个问题。 Lǎoshī, wǒ _stxVrb:{yǒu} gè wèntí. != Teacher, I have a question.

addressWpg::
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_classifier,
* https://studycli.org/learn-chinese/chinese-measure-words/,

Zhonmw.SPECIFIC

description::
* 个; gè; most common measure word,
* 只; zhī; measure word for animals
* 本; běn; measure word for books
* 辆; liàng; measure word for vehicles
* 块; kuài; measure word for pieces of objects and for money
* 封; fēng; measure word for letters
* 张; zhāng; measure word for flat objects, like paper
* 瓶; píng; measure word for bottles
* 杯; bēi; measure word for cups
* 双; shuāng; measure word for pairs (of things)

name::
* McsEngl.Zhonmw.specific,
* McsEngl.Zhonmw.gè-个-most-common-measure-word,
* McsEngl.Zhonmw.zhī-只-measure-word-for-animals,
* McsEngl.Zhonmw.běn-本-measure-word-for-books,
* McsEngl.Zhonmw.liàng-辆-measure-word-for-vehicles,
* McsEngl.Zhonmw.kuài-块-measure-word-for-pieces-of-objects-and-for-money,
* McsEngl.Zhonmw.fēng-封-measure-word-for-letters,
* McsEngl.Zhonmw.zhāng-张-measure-word-for-flat-objects,
* McsEngl.Zhonmw.píng-瓶-measure-word-for-bottles,
* McsEngl.Zhonmw.bēi-杯-measure-word-for-cups,
* McsEngl.Zhonmw.shuāng-双-measure-word-for-pairs-of-things,
* McsEngl.Zhonmw.个-gè-most-common-measure-word,
* McsEngl.Zhonmw.只-zhī-measure-word-for-animals,
* McsEngl.Zhonmw.本-běn-measure-word-for-books,
* McsEngl.Zhonmw.辆-liàng-measure-word-for-vehicles,
* McsEngl.Zhonmw.块-kuài-measure-word-for-pieces-of-objects-and-for-money,
* McsEngl.Zhonmw.封-fēng-measure-word-for-letters,
* McsEngl.Zhonmw.张-zhāng-measure-word-for-flat-objects,
* McsEngl.Zhonmw.瓶-píng-measure-word-for-bottles,
* McsEngl.Zhonmw.杯-bēi-measure-word-for-cups,
* McsEngl.Zhonmw.双-shuāng-measure-word-for-pairs-of-things,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.gè-个-most-common-measure-word,
* McsZhon.zhī-只-measure-word-for-animals,
* McsZhon.běn-本-measure-word-for-books,
* McsZhon.liàng-辆-measure-word-for-vehicles,
* McsZhon.kuài-块-measure-word-for-pieces-of-objects-and-for-money,
* McsZhon.fēng-封-measure-word-for-letters,
* McsZhon.zhāng-张-measure-word-for-flat-objects,
* McsZhon.píng-瓶-measure-word-for-bottles,
* McsZhon.bēi-杯-measure-word-for-cups,
* McsZhon.shuāng-双-measure-word-for-pairs-of-things,
* McsZhon.个-gè-most-common-measure-word,
* McsZhon.只-zhī-measure-word-for-animals,
* McsZhon.本-běn-measure-word-for-books,
* McsZhon.辆-liàng-measure-word-for-vehicles,
* McsZhon.块-kuài-measure-word-for-pieces-of-objects-and-for-money,
* McsZhon.封-fēng-measure-word-for-letters,
* McsZhon.张-zhāng-measure-word-for-flat-objects,
* McsZhon.瓶-píng-measure-word-for-bottles,
* McsZhon.杯-bēi-measure-word-for-cups,
* McsZhon.双-shuāng-measure-word-for-pairs-of-things,

syntax of nounZhon

description::
* Subject-(noun):
· stxZhon: 你们吃。 :: _stxSbj:[Nǐmen] _stxVrb:{chī}. != You eat.
· stxZhon: 他很高。 :: _stxSbj:[Tā] _stxSbjc:[hěn gāo]. != He is tall.

* Object-(noun):
· stxZhon: 我喝茶。 :: _stxSbj:[Wǒ] _stxVrb:{hē} _stxObj:[chá]。 != I drink tea.

* Adjective + Noun:
· stxZhon: 坏人 - [huài] [rén] != bad person.

* Noun + (Conjunction):
· stxZhon: 他流利地说英文。 :: _stxSbj:[Tā] _stxTime:[liúlì (dì)] _stxVrb:{shuō} _stxObj:[yīngwén]. != he [fluently] {speaks} english.

* (Conjunction) + Noun:
· stxZhon: 飞得快。 :: _stxVrb:{fēi} _stxManner:[(de) kuài]. != fly quickly.

name::
* McsEngl.nounZhon'syntax,
* McsEngl.syntax.nounZhon,

adjective-term

description::
· Chinese-adjectives, like all its terms, have no special appearance.
· the-syntax denotes if a-term is noun, adjective or adverb.
· Chinese to express an-adjective uses:
1) the-position before the-entity: [坏][人] - huài rén != bad person.
2) the-position after the-entity, that create also sentences: [她][漂亮]。- tā piàoliang != she beautiful.
[hmnSngo.{2021-10-16}]

name::
* McsEngl.Chinese-adjective!⇒adjeZhon,
* McsEngl.NounmbrRltnZhon.adjective!⇒adjeZhon,
* McsEngl.Standard-Chinese-adjective!⇒adjeZhon,
* McsEngl.adjectiveZhon!⇒adjeZhon,
* McsEngl.adjeZhon,
* McsEngl.adjectiveLogZhon!⇒adjeZhon,
* McsEngl.logo-adjective--of-lagZhon!⇒adjeZhon,
* McsEngl.lagZhon'adjective!⇒adjeZhon,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.xíngróngcí-形容词!=adjeZhon,
* McsZhon.形容词-xíngróngcí!=adjeZhon,

descriptionLong::
"A Chinese adjective is a word that is used to describe or modify a noun or pronoun in the Chinese language. Adjectives in Chinese usually come before the noun they describe and can be modified or intensified with adverbs. Some examples of Chinese adjectives include 高 gāo (tall/high), 矮 ǎi (short), 快 kuài (fast/quick), 慢 màn (slow), 美丽 měilì (beautiful), and 丑陋 chǒulòu (ugly). Chinese adjectives do not change their form based on gender or number, and they do not have comparative or superlative forms like in English, but they can be compared using the words 更 gèng (even more) or 最 zuì (most)."
[{2023-05-14 retrieved} https://chat.openai.com/]
· Standard-Chinese-adjective is the-Standard-Chinese adjective.
· it is a-relation-ondo-member that denotes a-semo-ondo that has a-semo-attribute-entity-conjunction with another semo-ondo or denotes a-semo-subject-complement.

syntax of adjeZhon

description::
* Adjective + Noun:
· stxZhon: 坏人 - [huài] [rén] != bad person.

* Subject-complement(Adjective):
· stxZhon: 他很高。 :: _stxSbj:[Tā] _stxSbjc:[hěn gāo]. != He is tall.

name::
* McsEngl.adjeZhon'syntax,
* McsEngl.syntax.adjeZhon,

adverb-term

description::
· Chinese-adverbs, like all its terms, have no special appearance.
· the-syntax denotes if a-term is noun, adjective or adverb.
· adverbs are terms that denote attributes of non nouns.

name::
* McsEngl.Chinese-adverb!⇒adveZhon,
* McsEngl.Standard-Chinese-adverb!⇒adveZhon,
* McsEngl.advZhon!⇒adveZhon,
* McsEngl.adveZhon,
* McsEngl.adverbZhon!⇒adveZhon,
* McsEngl.logo-adverb--of-lagZhon!⇒adveZhon,
* McsEngl.lagZhon'adverb!⇒adveZhon,
* McsEngl.NounmbrRltnZhon.adverb!⇒adveZhon,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.fùcí-副词-(副詞)!=adveZhon,
* McsZhon.副词-(副詞)-fùcí!=adveZhon,

syntax of adveZhon

description::
=== Subject + Adverb + Verb + Object.
· stxZhon: 我昨天吃肉。 :: _stxSbj:[Wǒ] _stxTime:[zuótiān] _stxVrb:{chī} _stxObj:[ròu]. != I [yesterday] eat meat. != I ate meat yesterday.
· stxZhon: 我也是美国人。 :: _stxSbj:[Wǒ] _stxAddition:[yě] _stxVrb:{shì} _stxSbjc:[měiguórén]。 != [I] [also] {am} [American].

=== Adverb + Subject + Verb + Object:
· stxZhon: 今天经理有会。 :: _stxTime:[Jīntiān] _stxSbj:[jīnglǐ] _stxVrb:{yǒu} _stxSbjc:[huì]. != The manager has a meeting today.

=== Adjective + (地-de) + Verb:
· stxZhon: 你要努力地学习。 :: _stxSbj:[Nǐ] _stxVrb:{yào} _stxObj:[_stxArg:[nǔlì (de)] _stxVrb:{xuéxí}]. != You must study hard.
· "You can easily convert most Chinese adjectives into adverbs with the particle 地 (de)."
[{2023-08-07 retrieved} https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Turning_adjectives_into_adverbs]

=== Adjective + Adverb + (了-le):
· stxZhon: 我累死了。 :: _stxSbj:[Wǒ] _stxSbjc:[[lěi] [sǐ le]]. != I’m so tired.
· stxZhon: 这个主意好极了。 :: _stxSbj:[Zhège zhǔyi] _stxSbjc:[hǎo jíle]. != This idea is perfect.

· "Time words can appear in one of two positions in the sentence in Chinese: either at the beginning of the sentence (before the subject), or directly after the subject."
[{2023-06-21 retrieved} https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Time_words_and_word_order]

name::
* McsEngl.adveZhon'syntax,
* McsEngl.syntax.adveZhon,

info-resource of adveZhon

description::
* https://ling-app.com/zh/chinese-adverbs/,
* https://www.chineseclass101.com/blog/2020/10/19/chinese-adverbs/,

name::
* McsEngl.adveZhon'Infrsc,

semo-relation of ondoZhon

description::
× ondoZhon: ondoSemoZhon

name::
* McsEngl.ondoZhon'semo-relation,

senso-mind-relation of ondoZhon

description::
× ondoZhon: entity,

name::
* McsEngl.ondoZhon'senso-mind-relation,

member-finder of ondoZhon

description::
· member-finder-of-ondoZhon is an-entity (human or machine) that finds the-members of a-ondoZhon.

name::
* McsEngl.Chinese-member-finder!⇒nounerZhon,
* McsEngl.Standard-Chinese-member-finder!⇒nounerZhon,
* McsEngl.ondoZhon'member-finder!⇒nounerZhon,
* McsEngl.nounerZhon,

addressWpg::
*

ondoZhon.SPECIFIC

description::
* pronoun-ondoZhon,
===
* regular-ondoZhon,
* regularNo-ondoZhon,
===
* multiword-ondoZhon,

name::
* McsEngl.ondoZhon.specific,

ondoZhon.pronoun

description::
· Standard-Chinese-pronoun is a-pronoun of the-Standard-Chinese--language.

name::
* McsEngl.Chinese-pronoun!⇒pronZhon,
* McsEngl.Standard-Chinese-pronoun!⇒pronZhon,
* McsEngl.pronZhon,
* McsEngl.pronoun.Standard-Chinese!⇒pronZhon,
* McsEngl.proondoZhon!⇒pronZhon,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.zhōngwéndàicí-中文代词!~replace-word!=pronZhon,
* McsZhon.中文代词-zhōngwéndàicí!~replace-word!=pronZhon,

generic-tree::
* pronoun,

pronZhon.SPECIFIC

description::
* esophoric,
* exophoric,
* interrogative,
===
* entity,
* personal,
* space,
===
* duōshǎo-多少 != how-many/how-much,
* nà-那 != that,
* nàr-那儿 != there,
* nǐ-你 != you,
* nǐmen-你们 != you-plural,
* shéi-谁 != who,
* shénme-什么 != what,
* shénme-shíhòu-什么时候 != when,
* tā-他 != he,
* tā-她 != she,
* tā-它 != it,
* tāmen-他们 != they,
* wèishénme-为什么 != why,
* wǒ-我 != I,
* wǒmen-我们 != we,
* zěnme-怎么 != how,
* zhè-这 != this,
* zhèr-这儿 != here,

name::
* McsEngl.pronZhon.specific,

pronZhon.esophoric

description::
· Standard-Chinese pronEsophoric.

name::
* McsEngl.pronZhon.anaphoric!⇒pronZhonEsophoric,
* McsEngl.pronZhon.esophoric!⇒pronZhonEsophoric,
* McsEngl.pronZhonEsophoric,

specific-tree-of-pronZhonEsophoric::
*

pronZhon.exophoric

description::
· Standard-Chinese pronExophoric.

name::
* McsEngl.pronZhon.exophoric!⇒pronZhonExophoric,
* McsEngl.pronZhonExophoric,

specific-tree-of-pronZhonExophoric::
*

pronZhon.ask

description::
· Standard-Chinese interrogative-pronouns:
* duōshǎo-多少 != how-many/how-much,
* nǎgè-哪个 != which,
* shéi-谁 != who,
* sheíde-谁的 != whose,
* shénme-什么 != what,
* shénme-shíhòu-什么时候 != when,
* wèishénme-为什么 != why,
* zěnme-怎么 != how,

name::
* McsEngl.Chinese-interrogative-pronoun!⇒pronAskZhon,
* McsEngl.Standard-Chinese-interrogative-pronoun!⇒pronAskZhon,
* McsEngl.pronAskZhon,
* McsEngl.pronZhon.interrogative!⇒pronAskZhon,

pronZhon.personal

description::
· pronEspoPersonal is a-pronoun that denotes a-person-of-language.

· FIRST-person:
* 我-wǒ!=I;me;my, 我们-wǒmen!=we;us;our, ourselves;

· SECOND-person:
* 你-nǐ!=you (informal), 你们-nǐmen!=you (plural)

· THIRD-person:
* 他-tā;她-tā;她-tā, 他们-tāmen(males);她们-tāmen(females);它们-tāmen(inanimate|animals)人们-rénmen(people),

name::
* McsEngl.Chinese-personal-pronoun!⇒pronZhonPersonal,
* McsEngl.Standard-Chinese-personal-pronoun!⇒pronZhonPersonal,
* McsEngl.pronZhonPersonal,
* McsEngl.pronZhon.personal!⇒pronZhonPersonal,

pronZhon.human

description::
· interrogative:
* shuí|shéi-谁!=who,
* whom, whose,

· deictic:
* this-human, that, he|she,
* these, those, they,

name::
* McsEngl.pronZhonHuman,
* McsEngl.pronZhon.human!⇒pronZhonHuman,

pronZhon.humanNo

description::
· interrogative:
* shénme-什么!=what,

· deictic:
* this-entity, that, it,
* these, those, they,

name::
* McsEngl.pronZhonHumanNo,
* McsEngl.pronZhon.humanNo!⇒pronZhonHumanNo,

pronZhon.space

description::
· interrogative:
* nǎlǐ-哪里;nǎr-哪儿-(哪兒)!=where,

· deictic:
* zhè'er-这儿;zhèlǐ-这里!=here, nàlǐ-那里!=there,

name::
* McsEngl.pronZhonSpace,
* McsEngl.pronZhon.space!⇒pronZhonSpace,

pronZhon.time

description::
· interrogative:
* héshí-何时;shénmeshíhòu-什么时候!=when,

· deictic:
* xiànzài-现在!=now, then,

name::
* McsEngl.pronZhonTime,
* McsEngl.pronZhon.time!⇒pronZhonTime,

pronZhon.quantity

description::
· interrogative:
* duōshǎo-多少!=how-many;how-much,

· deictic:
* so much, so great,

name::
* McsEngl.pronZhonQuantity,
* McsEngl.pronZhon.quantity!⇒pronZhonQuantity,

pronZhon.manner

description::
· interrogative:
* rúhé-如何;zěnme-怎么-(怎麼);zěnmeyang-怎么样!=how,

· deictic:
* so, thus,

name::
* McsEngl.pronZhonManner,
* McsEngl.pronZhon.manner!⇒pronZhonManner,

pronZhon.cause

description::
· interrogative:
* gànmá-干吗;wèishé[n]me-为什么!=why,

· deictic:
* therefore, that's why, for this reason,

name::
* McsEngl.pronZhonCause,
* McsEngl.pronZhon.cause!⇒pronZhonCause,

verb-name of logoZhon

description::
· verb-of-lagZhon is its lagHmnm-verb.
· the-Standard-Chinese-verb has at most ? different forms (English=5, Esperanto=10, Greek=54, Sinago=4):
· Standard-Chinese uses ? rules (English=7, Esperanto=1, Greek=70, Sinago=1) to create its atomic-verb-members.

name::
* McsEngl.Chinese-verb!⇒verbZhon,
* McsEngl.Standard-Chinese-verb!⇒verbZhon,
* McsEngl.lagZhon'verb!⇒verbZhon,
* McsEngl.nameZhon.verb!⇒verbZhon,
* McsEngl.lagZhon-verb!⇒verbZhon,
* McsEngl.logo-verb--of-lagZhon!⇒verbZhon,
* McsEngl.verbZhon,
* McsEngl.verbLogZhon!⇒verbZhon,
* McsEngl.verb-of-lagZhon!⇒verbZhon,

descriptionLong::
"Verbs can be used as subjects, predicates, objects, adverbial modifiers, or complements.
So there are occasions when verbs are used consecutively."
[{2021-10-07 retrieved} Ding...Chinese-Main-Verb-Identification, irPaper000001]

member of verbZhon

description::
· a-verb\a\ is a-set of terms, its\a\ members.

name::
* McsEngl.VerbmbrZhon!⇒mVZhon,
* McsEngl.mVZhon,
* McsEngl.verbZhon'member!⇒mVZhon,

form-part (link) of mVZhon

auxiliary-part (link) of mVZhon

sibling of mVZhon

description::
* English-mVerb,
* Esperanto-mVerb,
* Greek-mVerb,
* GreekAncient-mVerb,
* Sinago-mVerb,
* Turkish-mVerb,

name::
* McsEngl.mVZhon'sibling,

mVZhon.SPECIFIC

description::
* atomic-mVZhon,
* atomicNo-mVZhon,
===
* past-mVZhon,
* present-mVZhon,
* future-mVZhon,
* infinitive-mVZhon,
* participle-mVZhon,

name::
* McsEngl.mVZhon.specific,

mVZhon.base

description::
· base-mVZhon is its base-VerbformZhon.

name::
* McsEngl.base-mVZhon,
* McsEngl.base-member--of-VerbZhon,
* McsEngl.mVZhon.base,

mVZhon.aggregate

description::
· the-set of all mVZhon that denote one verbSmsZhon.

name::
* McsEngl.mVZhon.aggregate-semo,

mVZhon.atomic

description::
· atomic-mVZhon is any atomic-term of mVZhon.
· the-number of its realis atomic-verb-members is ? (English=152, Esperanto=84, Greek=264, Sinago(all)=68).

name::
* McsEngl.Standard-Chinese-verb-form!⇒VerbatmZhon, (literature)
* McsEngl.VerbatmZhon,
* McsEngl.mVZhon.individual!⇒VerbatmZhon,
* McsEngl.atomic-member--of-verbZhon!⇒VerbatmZhon,
* McsEngl.atomic-verb-member-of-lagZhon!⇒VerbatmZhon,
* McsEngl.atomic-term--of-verbZhon!⇒VerbatmZhon,
* McsEngl.avm-of-lagZhon!⇒VerbatmZhon,
* McsEngl.individual-verb-member-of-lagZhon!⇒VerbatmZhon,
* McsEngl.lagZhon'atomic-verb-member!⇒VerbatmZhon,

VerbatmZhon.001-写

description::
·

name::
* McsEngl.VerbatmZhon.001-写-xiě-write,
* McsEngl.VerbatmZhon.写-xiě-write,

VerbatmZhon.002-不写

description::
·

name::
* McsEngl.VerbatmZhon.002-不写-bùxiě-do-not-write,
* McsEngl.VerbatmZhon.不写-bùxiě-do-not-write,

VerbatmZhon.003-写..吗

description::
·

name::
* McsEngl.VerbatmZhon.003-写..吗-xiěma-do-(I)-write,
* McsEngl.VerbatmZhon.写..吗-xiěma-do-(I)-write,

VerbatmZhon.todo

description::
-

name::
* McsEngl.VerbatmZhon.todo,

mVZhon.atomicNo

description::
· atomicNo-mVZhon[a] is its lagHmnm-atomicNo-term.

name::
* McsEngl.generic-mVZhon,
* McsEngl.mVZhon.atomicNo,

mVZhon.negative

description::
"The most commonly used negating element is bù (不), pronounced with second tone when followed by a fourth tone. This can be placed before a verb, preposition or adverb to negate it. For example: "I don't eat chicken" (我不吃鸡; 我不吃雞; wǒ bù chī jī; 'I not eat chicken'). For the double-verb negative construction with bù, see Complement of result, below. However, the verb yǒu (有)—which can mean either possession, or "there is/are" in existential clauses—is negated using méi (没; 沒) to produce méiyǒu (没有; 沒有; 'not have').
For negation of a verb intended to denote a completed event, méi or méiyǒu is used instead of bù (不), and the aspect marker le (了) is then omitted. Also, méi[yǒu] is used to negate verbs that take the aspect marker guo (过; 過); in this case the aspect marker is not omitted.[39]
In coverb constructions, the negator may come before the coverb (preposition) or before the full verb, the latter being more emphatic. In constructions with a passive marker, the negator precedes that marker; similarly, in comparative constructions, the negator precedes the bǐ phraseNot clear (unless the verb is further qualified by gèng (更, "even more"), in which case the negator may follow the gèng to produce the meaning "even less").[40]
The negator bié (别) precedes the verb in negative commands and negative requests, such as in phrases meaning "don't ...", "please don't ...".
The negator wèi (未) means "not yet". Other items used as negating elements in certain compound words include wú (无; 無),wù (勿), miǎn (免) and fēi (非).
A double negative makes a positive, as in sentences like wǒ bú shì bù xǐhuān tā (我不是不喜欢她; 我不是不喜歡她, "It's not that I don't like her" )."
[{2021-11-30 retrieved} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_grammar#Negation]

name::
* McsEngl.mVZhon.negative,
* McsEngl.negative-mVZhon,

mVZhon.activeness

description::
· Chinese-verbs do-NOT-denote activeness.
· of course, Chinese denotes actions as:
· stxZhon: _stxSbj:[林萍] _stxTime:[已经] _stxVrb:{喝} _stxObj:[咖啡] {了}。 Lín píng yǐjīng hē kāfēile. != [Lin Ping] [already] {had-drunk} [coffee].
or
· stxZhon: _stxSbj:[咖啡] _stxTime:[已经] _stxArg:[(被)林萍] _stxVrb:{喝了}。 Kāfēi yǐjīng bèi lín píng hēle. != [coffee] [already] [(by) Lin Ping] {had-drunk} .

name::
* McsEngl.mVZhon.activeness,

mVZhon.imperative

description::
"Second-person imperative sentences are formed in the same way as statements, but like in English, the subject "you" is often omitted.
Orders may be softened by preceding them with an element such as qǐng (请, "to ask"), in this use equivalent to English "please". See Particles for more. The sentence-final particle ba (吧) can be used to form first-person imperatives, equivalent to "let's..."."
[{2021-12-01 retrieved} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_grammar#Imperatives]

· stxZhon: _stxVrb:{请坐} _stxSpace:[下]。 Qǐng zuò xià. != {please sit} [down].

name::
* McsEngl.mVZhon.imperative,
* McsEngl.imperative-mVZhon,

mVZhon.reduplicated

description::
"One of the fun things about Chinese is that when speaking, you can repeat a verb to express "a little bit" or "briefly." This is called reduplication. It creates a casual tone, and a sense that whatever the action is, it's not going to take long."
[{2021-10-16 retrieved} https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Reduplication_of_verbs]

"The delimitative aspect denotes an action that goes on only for some time, "doing something 'a little bit'".[37] This can be expressed by reduplication of a monosyllabic verb, like the verb zǒu (走 "walk") in the following sentence:
[我到公園走走。]
wǒ dào gōngyuán zǒu zǒu
I to park walk walk
I'm going for a walk in the park.
An alternative construction is reduplication with insertion of "one" (一 yī). For example, zǒu yi zǒu (走一走), which might be translated as "walk a little walk". A further possibility is reduplication followed by kàn (看 "to see"); this emphasizes the "testing" nature of the action. If the verb has an object, kàn follows the object.
Some compound verbs, such as restrictive-resultative and coordinate compounds, can also be reduplicated on the pattern tǎolùn-tǎolùn (讨论讨论; 討論討論), from the verb tǎolùn (讨论; 討論), meaning "discuss". Other compounds may be reduplicated, but for general emphasis rather than delimitative aspect. In compounds that are verb–object combinations, like tiào wǔ (跳舞; 'to jump a dance', "dance"), a delimitative aspect can be marked by reduplicating the first syllable, creating tiào-tiào wǔ (跳跳舞), which may be followed with kàn (看)."
[{2021-12-03 retrieved} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_grammar#Aspects]

name::
* McsEngl.mVZhon.reduplicated,
* McsEngl.reduplicated-mVZhon,
* McsEngl.verbZhon'reduplication,

form-part of mVZhon

description::
· the-form-part of verbZhon contains no auxiliary-words.
· the-Standard-Chinese-verb has at most ONE form (English=5, Esperanto=10, Greek=54, Sinago=4):

name::
* McsEngl.VerbformZhon,
* McsEngl.auxiliaryNo-part--of-verbZhon!⇒VerbformZhon,
* McsEngl.form-part--of-verbZhon!⇒VerbformZhon,
* McsEngl.non-auxiliary-part--of-verbZhon!⇒VerbformZhon,
* McsEngl.verbZhon'auxiliaryNo-part!⇒VerbformZhon,
* McsEngl.verbZhon'form!⇒VerbformZhon,
* McsEngl.verbZhon'main-part!⇒VerbformZhon,
* McsEngl.verbZhon'partA!⇒VerbformZhon,
* McsEngl.verbZhon-form!⇒VerbformZhon,

auxiliary-part of mVZhon

description::
· the-auxiliary-part of verbZhon contains the-auxiliary-words:
* a-啊 reduces forcefulness,
* ba-吧 denotes suggestion or request,
* bié-别 denotes negation,
* bèi-被 denotes activeNo-action,
* bù-不 denotes not,
* guò-过 denotes past,
* le-了 denotes completion,
* ma-吗 denotes interrogation,
* ne-呢 denotes question,
* zài-在 denotes is-happening,
* zhe-着-denoes continuation,
* zhèngzài-正在 denotes is-happening,

name::
* McsEngl.VerbauxZhon,
* McsEngl.auxiliary-part--of-verbZhon!⇒VerbauxZhon,
* McsEngl.verbZhon'auxiliary-part!⇒VerbauxZhon,
* McsEngl.verbZhon'partB!⇒VerbauxZhon,

VerbauxZhon.a-啊

description::
"a (啊),[m] which reduces forcefulness, particularly of an order or question. It can also be used to add positive connotation to certain phrases or inject uncertainty when responding to a question."
[{2021-12-05 retrieved} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_grammar#Particles]

=== exclamation:
· stxZhon: 这个地方真漂亮啊！_stxSbj:[Zhègè dìfāng] _stxSbjc:[zhēn piàoliang] {a}! != This place is so beautiful!

=== certainty-urgency:
· stxZhon: 是啊，我也觉得！ Shì a, wǒ yě juéde! != Definitely, I think so too!
· stxZhon: 小心啊！ Xiǎoxīn a! != Be careful!

name::
* McsEngl.VerbauxZhon.a-啊-reduces-forcefulness,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.a-啊-VerbauxZhon-reduces-forcefulness,
* McsZhon.啊-a-VerbauxZhon-reduces-forcefulness,

VerbauxZhon.ba-吧

description::
· ba-吧 denotes suggestion or request.
"ba (吧), which serves as a tag question, e.g. "don't you think so?"; produces a suggestion e.g. "let's..."; or lessens certainty of a decision."
[{2021-12-05 retrieved} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_grammar#Particles]

=== turn a command into a suggestion:
· stxZhon: 我们走吧。 :: _stxSbj:[Wǒmen] _stxVrb:{zǒu ba}. != Let's go.
=== less forceful:
· stxZhon: 这次考试不难吧？ :: _stxTime:[Zhècì] _stxSbj:[kǎoshì] _stxSbjc:[bù nán] {ba}? != This exam is not difficult, is it?

name::
* McsEngl.VerbauxZhon.ba-吧!=suggestion,
* McsEngl.VerbauxZhon.吧-ba!=suggestion,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.ba-吧!=VerbauxZhon-suggestion,
* McsZhon.吧-ba!=VerbauxZhon-suggestion,

VerbauxZhon.bié-别!=do-not

description::
· do-not

· stxZhon: _stxVrb:{别说话}！ Bié shuōhuà! != Don't speak!
· stxZhon: 请别吸烟。 :: _stxVrb:{Qǐng} _stxObj:[bié xīyān]。 != {please} [don't smoke].
=== bié-le-别-了-STOP DOING THAT (which they're already doing):
· stxZhon: 别说了，我不想听。 :: Bié shuō le, wǒ bù xiǎng tīng. != Stop talking. I don't want to listen.

name::
* McsEngl.VerbauxZhon.bié-别!=do-not,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.bié-别!=VerbauxZhon-do-not,
* McsZhon.别-bié!=VerbauxZhon-do-not,

VerbauxZhon.bèi-被

description::
· stxZhon: _stxSbj:[我們] _stxDoer:[被他] _stxVrb:{罵了}。 wǒmen bèi tā màle. != [We] [by him] {were scolded}.

name::
* McsEngl.VerbauxZhon.bèi-被!=activeNo,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.bèi-被!=VerbauxZhon-activeNo,
* McsZhon.被-bèi!=VerbauxZhon-activeNo,

VerbauxZhon.bù-不-negation

description::
· bù-不 denotes not.

=== negates present:
· stxZhon: 我今天晚上不喝酒。 :: Wǒ jīntiān wǎnshang bù hējiǔ. != Tonight I'm not going to drink.

=== negates future:
· stxZhon: 老板明天不来。 :: Lǎobǎn míngtiān bù lái. != The boss won't come tomorrow.

=== negates habitual-actions:
· stxZhon: 我不吃鸡。 :: _stxSbj:[Wǒ] _stxVrb:{bù chī} _stxObj:[jī]。 != [I] {not eat} [chicken].

=== negates adjectives:
· stxZhon: 我不饿。 :: _stxSbj:[Wǒ] _stxVrb:{bù} _stxSbjc:[è]. != I'm not hungry.

=== for asking questions: verb bu verb:
· stxZhon: 你是不是我的老师？ :: _stxSbj:[Nǐ] _stxVrb:{shì bu shì} _stxSbjc:[wǒ de lǎoshī]? != Are you my teacher or not?

=== for tag-questions:
· stxZhon: 我们去吃饭，好不好？ :: Wǒmen qù chīfàn, hǎo bu hǎo? != Let's go eat, is that OK?

=== negates specific verbs:
· "Certain verbs just don't get negated by 没 (méi) or 没有 (méiyǒu) ever. These include the verbs 是 (shì) ("to be") and 在 (zài) ("to be (in a place)"), as well as some psychological verbs such as 知道 (zhīdào) ("to know") and 认识 (rènshi) ("to know (a person)"). For these verbs, it's best to just take them on a case-by-case basis. Being aware of their existence can save you a fair bit of confusion."
[{2023-07-09 retrieved} https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Comparing_%22bu%22_and_%22mei%22]
· stxZhon: 昨天我不在家。 :: Zuótiān wǒ bù zài jiā. != I was not home yesterday.

name::
* McsEngl.VerbauxZhon.bù-不!=negation,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.bù-不!=VerbauxZhon-negation,
* McsZhon.不-bù!=VerbauxZhon-negation,

VerbauxZhon.bùyào-不要

description::
· imperative-negation.

· stxZhon: 不要走。 :: _stxVrb:{Bùyào zǒu}. != Don't leave.

name::
* McsEngl.VerbauxZhon.bùyào-不要-imperative-negation,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.bùyào-不要-VerbauxZhon-imperative-negation,
* McsZhon.不要-bùyào-VerbauxZhon-imperative-negation,

VerbauxZhon.huì-会-will

description::
=== huì-会-will:
· stxZhon: 你女儿会听你的话。 :: _stxSbj:[Nǐ nǚér] _stxVrb:{huì tīng} _stxObj:[nǐ de huà]. != Your daughter will listen [your words].
· stxZhon: 我们不会告诉你。 :: _stxSbj:[Wǒmen] _stxVrb:{bù huì gàosu} _stxObj:[nǐ]. != We won't tell you.

name::
* McsEngl.VerbauxZhon.huì-会-will,
* McsEngl.VerbauxZhon.会-huì-will,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.huì-会-VerbauxZhon-will,
* McsZhon.会-huì-VerbauxZhon-will,

VerbauxZhon.jiù-就-sooness

description::
·

=== jiù-就-VerbauxZhon:sooness:
· stxZhon: 米饭二十分钟就好。 :: Mǐfàn èrshí fēnzhōng _stxVrb:{jiù hǎo}. != The rice will be ready in 20 minutes.

name::
* McsEngl.VerbauxZhon.jiù-就-sooness,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.jiù-就-VerbauxZhon:sooness,
* McsZhon.就-jiù-VerbauxZhon:sooness,

VerbauxZhon.le-了

description::
=== le-了 denotes completion.
· stxZhon: 我回家了。 _stxSbj:[Wǒ] _stxVrb:{huí} _stxObj:[jiā] {le}。 != [I] {went} [home]. I'm home.
· stxZhon: 我走了四十分钟。 _stxSbj:[Wǒ] _stxVrb:{zǒu le} _stxTimeInterval:[sìshí fēnzhōng]。 != [I] {walked} [(for) forty miniutes].
· "The particle 了 (le) has a lot of uses. One of the most common is to express the completion of an action. This is called aspect, which is not the same as tense. Tense is about when an action happens: past, present or future. With regards to 了 (le), aspect is about whether the action is complete in a certain time frame."
[{2023-06-25 retrieved} https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_completion_with_%22le%22]

=== already:
· stxZhon: 他们工作了。 :: _stxSbj:[Tāmen] _stxVrb:{gōngzuò le}. != They (already) work. (This expression emphasizes that they're not students anymore, and have already entered the workforce.)

=== now:
· stxZhon: 懂了。 Dǒng le. != Now I understand.

=== with 太-tài-too:
· stxZhon: 老师太累了。 :: _stxSbj:[Lǎoshī] _stxSbjc:[tài lèi] {le}. != The teacher is too tired.

=== change in state:
· stxZhon: 你胖了。 :: _stxSbj:[Nǐ] _stxSbjc:[pàng] {le}. != You've gotten fat. (You used to not be fat.)
· stxZhon: 我不买了。 :: _stxSbj:[Wǒ] _stxVrb:{bù mǎi le}. != I'm not buying it now. (I had previously decided to buy it.)
· "了 (le) has many uses. You probably first learned 了 (le) as a particle that tells you an action is completed, which is also known as "了1." However, this article is not about that use of 了 (le); instead, it is about indicating a change of state (了2). In other words, there is now a new situation, or there is about to be a new situation."
[{2023-06-24 retrieved} https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Change_of_state_with_%22le%22]

=== 快..了-kuài..le:going-to:
· stxZhon: 快下雨了。 :: Kuài xiàyǔ le. != It's going to rain soon.
· stxZhon: 天快黑了。 :: Tiān kuài hēi le. != It’s almost getting dark.
=== 要..了-yào..le:going-to:
· stxZhon: 我要生气了！ :: Wǒ yào shēngqì le! != I'm going to get angry!

=== timeInterval:
· stxZhon: 他学了一年中文。 :: _stxSbj:[Tā] _stxVrb:{xué le} _stxTime:[yī nián] _stxObj:[Zhōngwén]. != He studied Chinese for a year.

=== timeInterval-continuous:
· stxZhon: 你睡了一天了。 :: _stxSbj:[Nǐ] _stxVrb:{shuì le} _stxTime:[yī tiān] {le}. != You have been sleeping for the whole day.

* https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Uses_of_%22le%22,

name::
* McsEngl.VerbauxZhon.le-了!=completion,
* McsEngl.VerbauxZhon.了-le!=completion,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.le-了!=VerbauxZhon-completion,
* McsZhon.了-le!=VerbauxZhon-completion,

VerbauxZhon.guò-过-past

description::
· "To show the past tense in Chinese, use 过 after the verb to indicate that the action has happened before. However, there are certain limitations to the verbs that can be used with 过. Verbs of recognition and verbs that only happen once cannot be used with 过.
e.g.
我去过北京。(Wǒ qùguò běijīng.) I have been to Beijing.
你吃过饺子吗？(Nǐ chīguò jiǎozi ma?) Have you ever eaten dumplings?
我们学过这本书。(Wǒmen xuéguò zhè běn shū.) We have studied this book."
[{2023-05-20 retrieved} https://www.digmandarin.com/commonly-used-chinese-grammar-particles.html]

· "Using 过 (guo) is not always the correct way to create past tense. 过 (guo) is especially used for "past experiences" that the subject has had."
[{2023-05-28 retrieved} https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Learner_FAQ]

=== guò-过:
· stxZhon: 你学过中文吗？ :: _stxSbj:[Nǐ] _stxVrb:{xué guo} _stxObj:[Zhōngwén] {ma}? != Have you ever studied Chinese?
· stxZhon: 我没学过这个词。 :: _stxSbj:[Wǒ] _stxVrb:{méi xué guo} _stxObj:[zhège cí]. != I have never studied this word before.

=== guò-le-过-了:
· stxZhon: 她吃过了。 :: _stxSbj:[Tā] _stxVrb:{chī guo le}. != She has eaten (already).

name::
* McsEngl.VerbauxZhon.guò-过-past,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.guò-过-VerbauxZhon-past,
* McsZhon.过-guò-VerbauxZhon-past,

VerbauxZhon.ma-吗-ask

description::
· ma-吗 denotes interrogation.
"Yes-no questions can be formed using the sentence-final particle ma (吗; 嗎), with word order otherwise the same as in a statement. For example, nǐ chī jī ma? (你吃鸡吗?; 你吃雞嗎？; 'you eat chicken MA', "Do you eat chicken?")."
[{2021-12-05 retrieved} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_grammar#Questions]

name::
* McsEngl.VerbauxZhon.ma-吗!=question,
* McsEngl.VerbauxZhon.吗-ma!=question,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.ma-吗-(嗎)!=VerbauxZhon-question,
* McsZhon.吗-(嗎)-ma!=VerbauxZhon-question,

VerbauxZhon.méi-没

description::
=== negation in past:
· stxZhon: 我没钱。 Wǒ _stxVrb:{méi} qián. != I don't have money.

=== Only 没 (méi) Negates 有 (yǒu):
· stxZhon: 我没有钱。 :: Wǒ méiyǒu qián. != I don't have money.
=== Only 没 (méi) without 有 (yǒu):
· stxZhon: 我没办法。 :: Wǒ méi bànfǎ. != I don't have a method.

name::
* McsEngl.VerbauxZhon.méi-没-negation,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.méi-没-negation-VerbauxZhon,
* McsZhon.没-méi-negation-VerbauxZhon,

VerbauxZhon.méiyǒu-没有

description::
=== negation of past:
· stxZhon: 我没有钱。 Wǒ _stxVrb:{méiyǒu} qián. != I don't have money.
· stxZhon: 我没有去上班。 Wǒ _stxVrb:{méiyǒu qù} shàngbān. != I didn't go to work.
· stxZhon: 我没有做。 Wǒ _stxVrb:{méiyǒu zuò}. != I didn't do it.
· "One thing you need to remember when using 没有 (méiyǒu) is that 了 (le) is not normally used with 没有 (méiyǒu). 了 (le) marks completed actions, while 没有 (méiyǒu) is used for actions that didn't happen (so of course they're not completed). These two don't work together. This is a very common mistake for beginner learners of Chinese."
[{2023-05-31 retrieved} https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Negation_of_past_actions_with_%22meiyou%22]

=== comparisons:
· stxZhon: 你没有我高。 :: Nǐ méiyǒu wǒ gāo. != You are not as tall as me.
· stxZhon: 我的手机没有他的手机贵。 :: Wǒ de shǒujī méiyǒu tā de shǒujī guì. != My cell phone isn't as expensive as his.

name::
* McsEngl.VerbauxZhon.méiyǒu-没有-negation-past,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.méiyǒu-没有-VerbauxZhon-negation-past,
* McsZhon.没有-méiyǒu-VerbauxZhon-negation-past,

VerbauxZhon.ne-呢!=question

description::
"ne (呢), which expresses surprise, or produces a question "with expectation""
[{2021-12-05 retrieved} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_grammar#Particles]

=== question,

=== confident:
· stxZhon: 我不要回家。还早呢！ Wǒ bù yào huíjiā. Hái zǎo ne! != I don't want to go home. It's still early!

=== particle,

name::
* McsEngl.VerbauxZhon.ne-呢!=question,
* McsEngl.VerbauxZhon.呢-ne!=question,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.ne-呢!~VerbauxZhon!=question,
* McsZhon.呢-ne!~VerbauxZhon!=question,

VerbauxZhon.yàobù..ba-要不..吧!=sentenceSuggestion

description::
· sentence suggestion.

=== yàobù..ba-要不..吧!~VerbauxZhon!=sentenceSuggestion:
· stxZhon: 大家都有点累了，要不休息一会儿吧。 :: _stxQuantity:[Dàjiā dōu] _stxQuantity:[yǒudiǎn] _stxVrb:{lèi le}, _stxVrb:{yàobù xiūxi} _stxTime:[yīhuìr] {ba}. != Everyone is a little tired. Let's rest for a while.

name::
* McsEngl.VerbauxZhon.yàobù..ba-要不..吧!=sentenceSuggestion,
* McsEngl.VerbauxZhon.要不..吧-yàobù..ba!=sentenceSuggestion,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.yàobù..ba-要不..吧!~VerbauxZhon!=sentenceSuggestion,
* McsZhon.要不..吧-yàobù..ba!~VerbauxZhon!=sentenceSuggestion,

VerbauxZhon.yīnggāi-应该!=should

description::
=== yīnggāi-应该:
· stxZhon: 在中国，你应该喝白酒。 :: _stxSpace:[Zài Zhōngguó], _stxSbj:[nǐ] _stxVrb:{yīnggāi hē} _stxObj:[báijiǔ]. != In China, you should drink baijiu.
· stxZhon: 你不应该告诉他。 :: _stxSbj:[Nǐ] _stxVrb:{bù yīnggāi gàosu} _stxObj:[tā]. != You should not tell him.

name::
====== langoEnglish:
* McsEngl.VerbauxZhon.yīnggāi-应该!=should,
* McsEngl.VerbauxZhon.应该-yīnggāi!=should,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.yīnggāi-应该-VerbauxZhon!=should,
* McsZhon.应该-yīnggāi-VerbauxZhon!=should,

VerbauxZhon.yòubù-又不!=negationEmphasis

description::
· negation emphasis.

=== yòubù-又不!~VerbauxZhon!=negationEmphasis:
· stxZhon: 你现在又不忙，来帮我一下。 :: Nǐ xiànzài yòu bù máng, lái bāng wǒ yīxià. != You're not busy now. Come and help me.

name::
* McsEngl.VerbauxZhon.yòubù-又不!=negationEmphasis,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.yòubù-又不!~VerbauxZhon!=negationEmphasis,
* McsZhon.又不-yòubù!~VerbauxZhon!=negationEmphasis,

VerbauxZhon.yòuméi-又没!=negationEmphasis

description::
· negation emphasis.

=== yòuméi-又没!~VerbauxZhon!=negationEmphasis:
· stxZhon: 又没下雨，带伞干吗？ :: Yòu méi xiàyǔ, dài sǎn gànmá? != It's not raining. Why are you bringing the umbrella?

name::
* McsEngl.VerbauxZhon.yòuméi-又没!=negationEmphasis,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.yòuméi-又没!~VerbauxZhon!=negationEmphasis,
* McsZhon.又没-yòuméi!~VerbauxZhon!=negationEmphasis,

VerbauxZhon.zài-再-continuation

description::
· "Here 再 is similar to the English "for a while longer" or "keep [going/doing]."
Structure: Subj. + 再 + Verb + Verb"
[{2023-07-13 retrieved} https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22again%22_in_the_future_with_%22zai%22]

=== zài-再-VerbauxZhon:continuation:
· stxZhon: 别急，再想想。 :: Bié jí, zài xiǎngxiang. != Don't worry. Keep thinking.
· stxZhon: 再等一会儿。 :: Zài děng yīhuǐr. != Wait a little longer.

name::
* McsEngl.VerbauxZhon.zài-再-continuation,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.zài-再-VerbauxZhon:continuation,
* McsZhon.再-zài-VerbauxZhon:continuation,

VerbauxZhon.zài-在-happening

description::
· zài-在 denotes is-happening.

· stxZhon: 我在挂画。 :: _stxSbj:[Wǒ] _stxVrb:{zài guà} _stxObj:[huà]。 != [I] {am hanging} [pictures].

name::
* McsEngl.VerbauxZhon.zài-在!=happening,
* McsEngl.VerbauxZhon.在-zài!=happening,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.zài-在!=VerbauxZhon-happening,
* McsZhon.在-zài!=VerbauxZhon-happening,

VerbauxZhon.zhe-着

description::
"To show the continuation of an action or state in Chinese, 着 is added after the verb. The usual structure is Subject + Verb + 着（+ Object）.
e.g.
门开着。(Mén kāizhe.) The door is open.
地上坐着一只狗。(Dìshàng zuòzhe yī zhī gǒu.) A dog is sitting on the ground.
他穿着一件长袖。(Tā chuān zhe yī jiàn cháng xiù.) He is wearing long sleeves.
When 着 is used with words like 在 or 正在, it indicates the present progressive tense .
e.g.
我正在做着饭，他就来了。(Wǒ zhèngzài zuòzhe fàn, tā jiù láile.) I was cooking when he came.
他在公园里听着歌呢。(Tā zài gōngyuán lǐ tīngzhe gē ne.) He was listening to music in the park.
我们正在思考着这件事。(Tā zài gōngyuán lǐ tīngzhe gē ne.) We are thinking about this."
[{2023-05-20 retrieved} https://www.digmandarin.com/commonly-used-chinese-grammar-particles.html]

name::
* McsEngl.VerbauxZhon.zhe-着-continuation,
* McsEngl.zhe-着-VerbauxZhon-continuation,
* McsEngl.着-zhe-VerbauxZhon-continuation,

VerbauxZhon.zhèngzài-正在

description::
· zhèngzài-正在 denotes is-happening.
· "You can use 正在 (zhèngzài) instead of just 在 (zài) to put a little more emphasis on an action that is in progress right now."
[{2023-06-13 retrieved} https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_actions_in_progress_with_%22zai%22]

· stxZhon: _stxSbj:[我] _stxVrb:{正在挂} _stxObj:[画]。 Wǒ zhèngzài guà huà. != [I] {am hanging} [pictures].

name::
* McsEngl.VerbauxZhon.zhèngzài-正在!=happening,
* McsEngl.VerbauxZhon.正在-zhèngzài!=happening,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.zhèngzài-正在!=VerbauxZhon-happening,
* McsZhon.正在-zhèngzài!=VerbauxZhon-happening,

semo-relation of verbZhon

description::
· usually there-is-no one to one mapping between semo-verb and verb.

name::
* McsEngl.verbZhon'mapping-to-sms-verb,
* McsEngl.verbZhon'semo-relation,

semo-verb (link) of verbZhon

senso-mind-relation of verbZhon

description::
· a-verbZhon denotes a-bodyNo.
× verbZhon: bodyNo,

name::
* McsEngl.verbZhon'senso-mind-relation,

member-finder of verbZhon

description::
· member-finder-of-verbZhon is an-entity (human or machine) that finds the-members of a-verbZhon.
· write the-base-member of a-verbZhon, to find its atomic-members.

name::
* McsEngl.Chinese-conjugator!⇒memberorVerbZhon,
* McsEngl.Standard-Chinese-conjugator!⇒memberorVerbZhon,
* McsEngl.conjugator.verbZhon!⇒memberorVerbZhon,
* McsEngl.lagZhon'conjugator!⇒memberorVerbZhon,
* McsEngl.lagZhon'member-finder!⇒memberorVerbZhon,
* McsEngl.member-finder-of-verbZhon!⇒memberorVerbZhon,
* McsEngl.memberorVerbZhon,
* McsEngl.verbZhon'conjugator!⇒memberorVerbZhon,
* McsEngl.verberZhon!⇒memberorVerbZhon,

generic-tree-of-verberZhon::
* verb-member-finder,

addressWpg::
* https://www.verbix.com/languages/english.html,
* http://conjugator.reverso.net/conjugation-english.html,
* https://cooljugator.com/en (ordered: simple, progressive, perfect, perfect-progressive)
* http://www.logosconjugator.org/index.php (affirmative-interrogative),
* my old-{2001} java conjugator, Greek interface, now works only locally,

member-finding of verbZhon

description::
· member-finding of Standard-Chinese-verb is the-process of finding its atomic-members.

name::
* McsEngl.verbZhon'member-finding,

generic-tree::
* member-finding-of-verb,

info-resource of verbZhon

description::
Jiang, Yueqiu & Andersen, Øivin. (2017). Serial Verb Constructions in Mandarin Chinese. International Journal of Linguistics. 9. 184. 10.5296/ijl.v9i5.11885.
[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320292212_Serial_Verb_Constructions_in_Mandarin_Chinese]

name::
* McsEngl.verbZhon'Infrsc,

verbZhon.SPECIFIC

description::
=== specifics-division on form:
* charOne-verbZhon,
* charTwo-verbZhon,
* charMany-verbZhon,
* multiword-verbZhon,
* separable-verbZhon,

name::
* McsEngl.verbZhon.specific,

verbZhon.separable

description::
"certain verbs in Chinese are normally linked together with its own particular Object, and the “Verb + its Object” is usually seen as one single verb unit."
[{2021-10-16 retrieved} http://www.chinese-grammar.com/beginner/verb-object.html]
===
"Separable verbs are "verb-object phrases." They consist of two characters: the first is the verb, and the second is the object. Very often, these two will appear together, seemingly acting as a single verb, as in 吃饭, "to eat," 见面, "to meet," or 睡觉, "to sleep." But the two can also separate, and the verb can also be used without the object."
[{2021-10-16 retrieved} https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Separable_verb]

name::
* McsEngl.separable-verbZhon,
* McsEngl.verb-object-compound-of-lagZhon,
* McsEngl.verbZhon.separable,

addressWpg::
* https://mandarinfriend.wordpress.com/2015/02/12/separable-verbs-a-misleading-concept-for-chinese-learners/,

verbZhon.charOne

description::
* biān-编 – 1. to weave 2. to make a list 3. to edit
* biǎn-扁 – [adj: flat] to beat; to strike 兄弟们，扁他！(Bros – get him!)
* bào-抱 – 1. carry in one’s arms 2. adopt; hold 3. cherish 4. hang out 5. hatch
* bào-爆 – 1. to explode 2. to fuck 我把他菊花爆了。(I fucked him up the arse.)
* bèi-背 – to memorise – bēi to carry on one’s back; to piggyback
* bèn-奔 – to run in a hurry 他刚奔出去。(He just rushed out.)
* bó-驳 – to refute 我驳不倒他。(I can’t prove him wrong.)
* bāi-掰 – 1. to say goodbye 2. to break off a friendship
* bī-逼 – to force 我的父母把我逼上绝路。(My parents have backed me into a corner.)
* bǎng-绑 – 1. bind; to tie up 快把他绑起来！(Tie him up!) 2. to kidnap
* bǔ-补 – 1. to supplement 2. to mend; to patch up; to repair
* chuán-传 – 1. to pass on 2. to spread 3. to transmit
* chuān-穿 – 1. to wear 衣服太小了，我穿不下去。(The clothes are too small, I can’t wear them.) 2. to pierce; to pass through 请把珠链穿起来。(Please thread the beads together.)
* chuī-吹 – 1. to blow 2. to boast 3. to break up
* chuǎng-闯 – to storm; to rush in; to break in警察闯进了房间。(The police stormed into the room.)
* chán-缠 – 1. to coil 把绳子缠起来。(Wind up the rope.) 2. to tangle 线已缠在一起。 (The thread is tangled.) 3. to entangle; to pester 别缠我。(Leave me alone.)
* chán-馋 – 1. to use food to tempt someone 别用羊肉串儿馋我。(Don’t use lamb shish kebabs to tempt me.) 2. to have a gluttonous craving 我馋了。(I wanna pig out.)
* chéng-乘 – 1. to board 他乘的是384航班。(He boarded flight 384.) 2. to multiply 2乘 3等于6。(Two times three is six.)
* chí-持 – 1. to hold 2. to manage
* chù-怵 – 1. to be unwilling to do something because it’s too challenging 2. to be scared of 我什么人都不怵。(I’m not scared of anyone.)
* chā-插 – 1. to insert 2. to stab 3. to fuck
* chāo-抄 – 1. to copy 不要炒你同学的作业。(Don’t copy your classmates’ work.) 2. to use (in different collocations) 抄近路。(Take a shortcut.) 抄家伙。(Take your weapons out.)
* chēng-撑 – 1. to open (umbrella, parasol, etc) 把它撑开。(Open it up.) 2. to be full/stuffed 我撑死了。(I’m stuffed.) 3. to put up with我快撑不住了。(I can’t take it anymore.)
* chě-扯 – 1. to pull on; to yank; to tug 他扯了扯我的衣角。(He tugged at my clothes.) 2. to talk shit 别扯了。(Stop talking bullshit.)
* chōng-冲 – 1. rinse 2. flush 3. recharge 4. charge/collide 5. develop a film
* chōu-抽 – 1. to take out 2. to smoke 3. to find (time) 4. to release 5. to shrink/contract 6. to pump out
* chǎo-吵 – to quarrel; to argue; to be noisy 别吵啦。(Don’t argue.)
* chǎo-炒 – 1. stir-fry 2. to dismiss; to fire; to sack 3. to invest heavily and make prices go up 去年的澳洲房价高涨当地媒体说都是外国投资者炒起来。(The media have said that the reason house prices in Australia went up last year was due to overseas buyers flooding the market.)
* cuī-催 – to urge
* cuō-搓 – 1. to rub 2. to do something 咱们搓一顿吧。(Let’s grab a bite to eat.) 他们正在搓麻将。(They’re playing mahjong.)
* cáng-藏 – 1. to hide something or someone; to harbour 2. to store
* cì-刺 – 1. to stab 2. to sting
* cǎi-踩 – 1. to step on 2. to make a simple comment on a blog/post
* diào-掉 – 1. to lose 2. to drop
* diū-丢 – 1. to lose 2. to throw 3. to litter
* diǎn-点 – 1. to point; to poke 2. to mention 3. order (food, drinks, etc)
* diǎo-鸟 – 1. to talk to somebody 他不鸟我。(He’s not talking to me.)
* duǒ-躲 – 1. to hide 2. to avoid 3. to dodge 他躲过了子弹。(He dodged a bullet.) 我们躲过了一场灾难。(We managed to escape from the disaster.)
* dài-带 – 1. to carry 2. to lead 3. to bring up
* dé-得 – 1. to receive 2. to contract an illness 3. to have had enough, e.g. 得了吧！(Stop it!) 4. děi – have to
* dìng-订 – 1. to order 2. to book; to reserve
* dú-读 – 1. to read 2. to study, e.g. 念书 and 读书.
* dēng-蹬 – 1. to step 2. to dump
* dūn-蹲 – 1. to squat 2. to stay at home
* dǎ-打 – 1. to hit 2. to call 3. to play 4. many additional meanings, especially in compounds
* dǎo-倒 – 1. to fall down 2. -_- (Internet slang)
* dǐng-顶 – 1. to carry on the head 2. to approve; to support (Internet slang)
* fèi-废 – 1. to injury someone badly把他废了。(I disabled him.) 2. to be ruined beyond repair车废了。(The car is beyond repair.) 3. to be useless他人废了。(He’s useless.)
* féng-逢 – to meet 他雅思得了四个7，高兴极了，逢人便说。(He got four 7s for his IELTS and was so happy that he told every one he met.)
* fú-服 – to give in好啦，我服了。 (Okay, I give in.)
* fú-浮 – 1. to float 2. to drift (usually through life)
* fā-发 – 1. to send 2. to make a fortune
* fān-翻 – 1. to turn over 2. to translate
* fēn-分 – 1. to divide 把西瓜分了。(Divide up the watermelon.) 2. to break up; to separate我们已经分了很久了。(We’ve already been broken up for a while.)
* fēng-封 – to seal 把那个窗户封死。(Seal the window up.)
* guà-挂 – 1. to hang 墙上挂着画。(There’s a painting hanging on the wall.) 2. to fail 考试挂了。(I flunked my exam.) 3. to die
* guài-怪 – [adjective: strange] to blame
* guàn-惯 – to spoil; to tolerate; to indulge 别惯他的臭毛病。(Don’t put up with his bad habits.)
* guàng-逛 – to stroll; to window-shop
* guò-过 – 1. to spend 2. to be extreme/excessive 3. to pass (an exam)
* guā-刮 – 1. to scrape 2. to shave 3. to scrub
* guān-关 – 1. to close 我把窗户关了。(I closed the windows.) 2. to turn off (machine, light, etc) 把灯关了。(I turned off the light.) 3. to close down 工厂关了。(The factory’s closed down.) 4. to lock up 把他关起来！(Lock him up!)
* guǎi-拐 – 1. to turn 2. to kidnap 他被外星人拐走了。(He was abducted by aliens.)
* guǎn-管 – 1. to be in charge of 这里是谁管的？(Who’s in charge here?) 2. to have jurisdiction over 重庆不归四川管了。(Chongqing will not fall under the jurisdiction of Sichuan again.) 3. to discipline 张老师把这个班管得很好。(Mr Zhang disciplines his class well.) 4. to interfere 我的事儿你别管。(Mind your own business.) 5. to care 他不管有没有说明书，就把药给吃了。(Without caring if there were any instructions, he swallowed the pill.) 6. to guarantee 我只管卖，不管好不好用。(I’m just the seller, I can’t guarantee if it works or not.) 7. to look after 无论发生什么，我都会我管你的。(No matter what happens I’ll look after you.)
* gài-盖 – 1. to cover 妈妈会给你盖好的。(Mum will tuck you in.) 太冷了，你要盖好被子。(It’s freezing – stay under the doona.) 2. to surpass; to exceed 在《水浒传》中，宋江的功劳盖了晁盖。 (In Water Margin Song Jiang’s contribution exceeded that of Chao Gai.)
* gào-告 – 1. to tell 2. to announce 3. to sue
* gōu-勾 – 1. to seduce 2. to evoke 他说的话勾起了我的回忆。(What he said brought back some memories.) 3. to tick 把它勾掉。(Tick it off.)
* gǎn-敢 – to dare 你敢！(Don’t you dare!)
* gǎn-赶 – 1. to be equally matched他的英语不赶你好。(His English is no match for yours.) 2. to push or force someone to leave 不用赶，我自己会走！ (You don’t have to kick me out, I’ll leave on my own accord!)
* huǐ-毁 – to ruin 他毁了我们的婚姻。(He ruined our marriage.)
* huǒ-火 – (noun: fire) 1. to be famous 他火得厉害。(He’s very famous.) 2. to get angry 他火大了。(He flared up.)
* hài-害 – 1. to put in harm’s way; to jeopardise 别害他。(Don’t put him in harm’s way.) 2. to cause something bad to happen 你没来，害得我等了一个小时。(I had to wait a whole hour because you didn’t show up.)
* hàn-汗 – 1. to sweat 2. -_- (Internet slang)
* hán-含 – 1. to contain 2. to keep/have in the mouth
* hùn-混 1. to be busy doing something 你混得怎么样？(What you been up to lately?) 2. to drift (usually through life) 最近瞎混。(Just been stuffin’ around.) 他每天不工作，就在家混日子。(He never works, just bums around at home.)
* hēi-黑 – 1. to trick 我被人黑了。(I’ve been tricked.) 2. to hack 网站被黑了。(The website’s been hacked.)
* jià-架 – to take someone away forcibly 把他架出去。(Kick him out.)
* jiá-夹 – 1. fold 2. slam
* jiè-戒 – to abstain from; give up; to quit 他戒烟了。(He quit smoking.) 她戒酒了。 (She gave up drinking.)
* jiē-接 – 1. to pick up someone 今天晚上下班我来接你。(I’ll pick you up after work this evening.) 2. to answer; to continue talking 你倒是往下接啊！ (What are you waiting for? Keep going.)
* jiǎo-缴 – 1. to pay money 2. to hand in
* jì-系 – 1. to tie up; to fasten 请把你的安全带系上。(Please put your seat belt on.) 2. xì to be 毛泽东系湖南人。(Mao Zedong is from Hunan.)
* jì-记 – 1. to remember 2. to record
* jí-集 – 1. to collect 2. to gather
* jù-聚 – 1. to gather; to congregate 我们今天在学校聚一聚。(We met up at school today.)
* jǐ-挤 – to squeeze 他从牙缝挤出来就够我活了。(The money he can pick out of his teeth would be enough for me to live.)
* kuà-挎 – to link arms
* kàn-看 - to look (same as 瞧 qiáo) – kān to look after 我帮他看孩子。(I helped him babysit the kids.)
* kào-拷 - 1. to handcuff 2. kǎo to copy 拷给我一份。(Make me a copy.) 3. kāo to call
* kào-靠 – 1. to rely on 2. to fuck
* kāi-开 – 1. to open 我把门开了。(I opened the door.) 2. to drive 我开的很好。(I’m a good driver.) 3. to wipe (Northern slang) 我开了婴儿的屁股。(I wiped the baby’s bottom.)
* kǎ-卡 – 1. to block; to be stuck 他被门卡住了。(He got stuck in the door.) 2. to be hard to pass 雅思卡人卡得厉害！(IELTS is a nightmare!)
* kǎn-侃 – to talk a lot 他这个人很能侃。(He sure talks a lot.)
* kǎn-砍 – 1. to cut down 2. to cut 他砍到我手了！(He cut my hand!)
* kǎo-考 – to test oneself 这个你还真考不倒我！(I can answer this question!)
* lián-连 – 1. to join 2. continue
* liú-留 – 1. to stay 2. to leave something alone 3. to leave a message
* luò/là-落 – 1. to drop 2. to leave something behind 别落东西。(Make sure you’ve got everything.)
* lài-赖 – 1. to rely on; to depend on 2. to falsely accuse; to set someone up 3. to blame
* lái-来 – 1. to come 2. to bring 请来两杯水。(Could I have two bottles of water please?)
* lí-离 – to divorce 我们俩离了。(We’re divorced.)
* lòu-漏 – 1. to leak 2. to reveal; to leak information
* lùn-论 – 1. to argue 我想跟他论一论。(I’d like to challenge him.) 2. to talk about; to discuss 我们论事不论人。(We’re just discussing the issue, it’s nothing personal.) 3. to value 我们论能力，不论学历。(We value ability, not academic achievement.)
* lún-轮 – 1. to go around 轮到你了。(It’s your turn.) 2. to wave around 他把一把刀轮起来。(He waved the knife around.)
* lǐ-理 – 1. to take notice of 2. to manage 3. to realise
* lǐng-领 – 1. to lead; to guide 2. to receive 每个月你领了多少工资？(How much salary do you get each month?)
* miǎn-免 – 1. to avoid 2. to exempt; to excuse
* mà-骂 – to yell at; to swear at
* māo-猫 – (noun: cat) to hide 你猫在哪儿？(Where are you hiding?)
* mēng-蒙 – 1. to deceive; to trick 2. to make a wild guess 知道就说知道，不知道你可别瞎蒙。(If you know, you know – if you don’t, you gotta make a wild guess.)
* mī-眯 – 1. squint 2. take a nap
* niàn-念 – 1. to read 2. to study, e.g. 念书 and 读书.
* pài-派 – to dispatch; to send; to instruct 我派他做点事。(I instructed him to do something.)
* pàn-盼 – to look forward to我天天盼着你来。(I think about you coming back to me every day.) 我盼着我的儿子早结婚。(I look forward to my son getting married young.)
* pào-泡 – 1. to submerse; to immerse in water 泡点儿茶。(Make some tea.) 2. to make fun of
* pá-爬 – 1. to climb 2. to crawl
* pèi-配 – 1. to be a match; to be qualified to do sth 你和你男朋友不配。(You and your boyfriend are not right together.) 他配不上你。(He’s not good enough for you.) 你不配当经理。(You don’t have what it takes to be a manager.)
* pèng-碰 – 1. to encounter; to bump in to; to run into 2. to try one’s luck; to take one’s chances 碰碰运气吧。(To try your luck.)
* péi-陪 – to accompany; to keep company
* pāi-拍 – 1. to take a photo of someone 别拍，别拍，我都不好意思了！ (Please don’t take photo of me! I’m a bit shy!) 2. to pat 他走了过去，拍了拍我。(He came over and gave me a pat on the shoulder.) 我的小狗喜欢我拍他。(My doggie likes it when I pat him.)
* qiàn-欠 – 1. to owe 2. to lack 他做事欠妥当。(He doesn’t do things properly.) 3. to move forward slightly (to adjust the position of one’s body)
* qiú-求 – 1. to beg for 2. to seek
* qiā-掐 – 1. to pinch 2. to quarrel; to fight 他们掐起来。(They started to have a row.)
* qiǎng-抢 – 1. to mug; to steal 他抢了我钱包。(He mugged me and took my wallet.) 2. to rob 他抢了银行。(He robbed the bank.) 3. to scramble for; to vie for; to rush for 我们抢着做刷碗。(We both insisted on washing the dishes.) 4. to yank; to grab
* quàn-劝 – to advise
* qíng-擎 – 1. to hold up with one’s hands 2. to wait without doing anything (Beijing dialect) 擎等着。(Wait around.)
* qù-去 – 1. to go 2. to go away 去死！
* ràng-让 – 1. to let 2. to make someone do something 3. to throw a match 比赛中，我比你厉害，但我让你。(During the match he was better than me but I let him win.) 4. to give in to someone’s argument 吵架的时候，他总是让着他老婆。(When he and his wife fight he always gives in to her.)
* ráo-饶 – to spare someone’s life 我求求你了，饶了我吧。(I beg you, spare me!)
* róng-容 – 1. to tolerate 2. to allow
* róu-揉 – 1. to rub 2. to knead dough
* rēng-扔 – 1. throw 2. to leave 别扔下我不管。(Don’t just leave me out in the cold.) 3. to forget 我的法语早扔了。(I’ve forgotten all my French.)
* rě-惹 – to provoke; to stir up 谁惹起这件事？(Who started it?) 他总喜欢惹人注意。 (He likes to attract attention.) 别惹乱子。(Don’t stir up trouble.) 他这个人很惹人厌。(He’s a nuisance.)
* rǎng-嚷 – to shout 你嚷什么？ (What are you shouting about?)
* shuàn-涮 – 1. to rinse 2. to make fun of (old-fashioned) 他涮咱们呢，别信他的话。 (He’s making fun of us, don’t believe what he says.)
* shuō-说 – 1. to speak 2. to criticise 不是我说你。(I don’t mean to pay you out, but…)
* shuǎ-耍 – 1. to have fun 2. to trick 3. to make friends (dialect) 耍朋友。
* shuǎi-甩 – 1. to shake off 他甩了甩汗。(He shook off his sweat.) 2. to dump 他把我甩了。(He dumped me.)
* shàng-上 – 1. to board (a vehicle) or make use of a machine 我上火车去工作。(I take the train to work.) 上楼梯。(Take the stairs.) 2. to go to 我去上个厕所。(I’m off to the loo.) 3. to go to school 你在这个学校上吗？(Do you go here?)
* shòu-受 – 1. to tolerate 我受不了。(I can’t take it anymore.) 2. to enjoy 这部电影很受欢迎。(This movie is very popular [lit. “enjoys popularity].) 偶爸妈很受爱戴。 (Obama has garnered much support [lit. “enjoys love and support”].) 观音菩萨极其灵验，广受香火。(The Goddess of Mercy answers people’s prayers and is widely worshipped [lit. “widely enjoys incense”].)
* shùn-顺 – [adj: smooth] to walk off with something; to shoplift
* shān-扇 – 1. to slap one’s face 我当时真想扇他一巴掌。(At that time I really wanted to slap him in the face.) 2. to fan 你能不能别扇了？怪闹心的！ (Can you please just stop using your fan for a sec? It’s so annoying!)
* shǎn-闪 – 1. to flash 2. to move suddenly 闪人！(Let’s go!)
* shǒu-守 – 1. to guard 2. to be with for a long time 她守着残疾的丈夫过了二十年。 (She stayed by her disabled husband’s side for 20 years.)
* shǔ-属 – to be born in a year of one of the Chinese zodiac, e.g. 我属兔。(I was born in the year of the rabbit.)
* suàn-算 – 1. to be considered 2. to calculate 3. to predict 我昨天就算到他一定来。 (Yesterday I predicted he would come.)
* sài-赛 – 1. to race 2. to rival
* sǎn-撒 – 1. to scatter 2. to loose – sàn to say goodbye
* tuì-退 – 1. to retreat 2. to give back 3. to refund
* tuō-托 – to hold in the palm 麻烦你过来帮我托一下，好吗？ (Can you come over here and hold this for me please?)
* tuō-拖 – 1. to drag 2. to delay; to postpone; to procrastinate
* tuō-脱 – 1. to take off clothing 2. to get away with 如果我们被抓了，你也脱不了关系。(If we get caught, there’s no way you can get out of it.)
* téng-疼 – 1. to be in pain 我的头疼。(I got a headache.) 2. to dote on 妈妈很疼他。 (Mum dotes on him.)
* tú-图 – to hope to gain 住学校我图上班近。(By living at school I gain the benefit of being near my workplace.) 他总是图便宜买地摊货。(He always buy stuff from the market because it’s cheap.) 你图什么？（What are you hoping to gain from this?)
* tún-屯 – 1. to store 他们在仓库屯了很多东西。 (They store a lot of things at the warehouse.) 2. to station (troops)
* tī-踢 – 1. to kick 2. to kick out 3. to play (soccer) 4. to dump
* tūn-吞 – 1. to swallow 2. to swallow up 谷歌吞并了摩托罗拉公司。(Google bought out Motorola.) 3. to take away 我把钱吞掉了。(I took all the money away.) 4. 你得吞下这颗苦果。(You’ve made your bed and now you must lie in it.)
* wán-完 – 1. to finish 2. to be hopeless
* wèi-喂 – [interjection: hello] to feed
* wù-误 – 1. to miss 我误了火车。(I missed my train.) 2. to ruin 他误了我的一生。 (He ruined my life.)
* xià-下 – 1. to go offline 我下了。(I’m off.)
* xiàng-像 – to be like; to resemble 他很像你。(He looks like you.)
* xié-挟 – 1. hold under one’s arm (夹住) 2. coerce (挟制) 3. harbour (心怀)
* xiā-瞎 – to waste; to squander 他瞎了这个昂贵的布料。(He ruined the luxurious fabric.)
* xiǎng-想 – 1. to think 2. to believe 3. to miss
* xuǎn-选 – to choose
* xìn-信 – 1. to believe 2. to believe in; to have faith in 3. to trust
* xǔ-许 – 1. to allow; to permit 2. to promise
* yuàn-怨 – to blame
* yuán-圆 – 1. to make round 2. to justify; to explain 她的故事圆不上了。(Her story is inexplicable.) 3. to make a reality (e.g. a dream) 他圆了她的梦。(She made her dream come true.)
* yáo-摇 – 1. to shake 2. to rock
* yē-掖 – 1. to support somebody by one’s arm; to tuck in; to thrust in between 2. help; assist
* yūn-晕 – 1. to faint 2. -_- (Internet slang)
* yǎng-养 – 1. to bring up; to cultivate; to raise 他养花，养狗，也养鱼，但还没养过孩子。(He cultivates flowers, raises dogs and he’s even got some fish, but he’s never brought up any children.) 2. to support 父母赚钱养你不容易。(It’s not easy for your parents to earn enough money to support you.)
* zhuā-抓 – 1. to scratch 2. to grab 3. to grope; to fondle 他抓了她的胸。(He groped her breasts.) 4. to catch 5. to arrest
* zhuāng-装 – 1. to install 2. to pretend 本来就是狼，何必要装羊。(If you’re a wolf, what’s the use in pretending to be a sheep?)
* zhuī-追 – 1. to chase 2. to reminisce 3. to act retroactively
* zhuǎn-转 – 1. to turn around 2. to change direction 3. to transfer
* zhàn-占 – 1. to occupy 2. to make up; to constitute
* zhái-宅 – to stay at home
* zhù-驻 – to be based in 他是ABC驻北京记者。(He is an ABC correspondent based in Beijing.) Advanced Level: Colloquial Verbs and Slang
* zhāo-招 – 1. to beckon 2. to provoke; to stir up 3. to recruit
* zhēng-挣 1. to scramble for; to vie for; to rush for 2. to open 把袋子挣开。(Open your bag.) – zhèng to earn money 我今天挣了30。(Today I earned thirty bucks.)
* zhěng-整 – 1. to do (Northern slang) 你怎么整的？ (How do you do it?) 可咋整啊？ (What are we going to do?)
* zhī-支 – to physically support 请把它支起来。(Please hold it up.)
* zhǐ-指 – 1. to point 2. to refer to
* zá-砸 – to smash 我用锤子砸他的头。(I smashed his head in with a hammer.)
* zòu-揍 – to beat 我要揍你。(I’ll go you.)
* zāi-栽 – 1. to plant 我今天栽了两棵树。(I planted two trees today.) 2. to fail; to beat someone 我栽了。(I failed.) 我栽在你手里了。(You beat me.)
* zǎi-宰 – 1. to slaughter; to butcher 2. to be ripped off 你被宰了。(You were ripped off.)
* zǒu-走 – 1. to walk 人在路上走。(People are walking on the road.) 2. to leave 他已经走了。(He’s already left.)
===
* 想 xiǎng – 1. to think 2. to believe 3. to miss
* 念 niàn – 1. to read 2. to study, e.g. 念书 and 读书.
* 读 dú – 1. to read 2. to study, e.g. 念书 and 读书.
* 得 dé – 1. to receive 2. to contract an illness 3. to have had enough, e.g. 得了吧！(Stop it!) 4. děi – have to
* 属 shǔ – to be born in a year of one of the Chinese zodiac, e.g. 我属兔。(I was born in the year of the rabbit.)
* 点 diǎn – 1. to point; to poke 2. to mention 3. order (food, drinks, etc)
* 敢 gǎn – to dare 你敢！(Don’t you dare!)
* 说 shuō – 1. to speak 2. to criticise 不是我说你。(I don’t mean to pay you out, but…)
* 来 lái – 1. to come 2. to bring 请来两杯水。(Could I have two bottles of water please?)
* 去 qù – 1. to go 2. to go away 去死！
* 上 shàng – 1. to board (a vehicle) or make use of a machine 我上火车去工作。(I take the train to work.) 上楼梯。(Take the stairs.) 2. to go to 我去上个厕所。(I’m off to the loo.) 3. to go to school 你在这个学校上吗？(Do you go here?)
* 开 kāi – 1. to open 我把门开了。(I opened the door.) 2. to drive 我开的很好。(I’m a good driver.) 3. to wipe (Northern slang) 我开了婴儿的屁股。(I wiped the baby’s bottom.)
* 关 guān – 1. to close 我把窗户关了。(I closed the windows.) 2. to turn off (machine, light, etc) 把灯关了。(I turned off the light.) 3. to close down 工厂关了。(The factory’s closed down.) 4. to lock up 把他关起来！(Lock him up!)
* 走 zǒu – 1. to walk 人在路上走。(People are walking on the road.) 2. to leave 他已经走了。(He’s already left.)
* 像 xiàng – to be like; to resemble 他很像你。(He looks like you.)
* 信 xìn – 1. to believe 2. to believe in; to have faith in 3. to trust
* 选 xuǎn – to choose
* 打 dǎ – 1. to hit 2. to call 3. to play 4. many additional meanings, especially in compounds
* 记 jì – 1. to remember 2. to record
* 看 kàn - to look (same as 瞧 qiáo) – kān to look after 我帮他看孩子。(I helped him babysit the kids.)
* 让 ràng – 1. to let 2. to make someone do something 3. to throw a match 比赛中，我比你厉害，但我让你。(During the match he was better than me but I let him win.) 4. to give in to someone’s argument 吵架的时候，他总是让着他老婆。(When he and his wife fight he always gives in to her.)
* 火 huǒ – (noun: fire) 1. to be famous 他火得厉害。(He’s very famous.) 2. to get angry 他火大了。(He flared up.)
* 穿 chuān – 1. to wear 衣服太小了，我穿不下去。(The clothes are too small, I can’t wear them.) 2. to pierce; to pass through 请把珠链穿起来。(Please thread the beads together.)
* 碰 pèng – 1. to encounter; to bump in to; to run into 2. to try one’s luck; to take one’s chances 碰碰运气吧。(To try your luck.)
* 催 cuī – to urge
* 劝 quàn – to advise
* 吹 chuī – 1. to blow 2. to boast 3. to break up
* 倒 dǎo – 1. to fall down 2. -_- (Internet slang)
* 晕 yūn – 1. to faint 2. -_- (Internet slang)
* 汗 hàn – 1. to sweat 2. -_- (Internet slang)
* 掉 diào – 1. to lose 2. to drop
* 落 luò/là – 1. to drop 2. to leave something behind 别落东西。(Make sure you’ve got everything.)
* 退 tuì – 1. to retreat 2. to give back 3. to refund
* 靠 kào – 1. to rely on 2. to fuck
* 踩 cǎi – 1. to step on 2. to make a simple comment on a blog/post
* 刺 cì – 1. to stab 2. to sting
* 撒 sǎn – 1. to scatter 2. to loose – sàn to say goodbye
* 下 xià – 1. to go offline 我下了。(I’m off.)
* 刮 guā – 1. to scrape 2. to shave 3. to scrub
* 留 liú – 1. to stay 2. to leave something alone 3. to leave a message
* 派 pài – to dispatch; to send; to instruct 我派他做点事。(I instructed him to do something.)
* 发 fā – 1. to send 2. to make a fortune
* 占 zhàn – 1. to occupy 2. to make up; to constitute
* 指 zhǐ – 1. to point 2. to refer to
* 完 wán – 1. to finish 2. to be hopeless
* 吵 chǎo – to quarrel; to argue; to be noisy 别吵啦。(Don’t argue.)
* 服 fú – to give in好啦，我服了。 (Okay, I give in.)
* 乘 chéng – 1. to board 他乘的是384航班。(He boarded flight 384.) 2. to multiply 2乘 3等于6。(Two times three is six.)
* 转 zhuǎn – 1. to turn around 2. to change direction 3. to transfer
* 骂 mà – to yell at; to swear at
* 算 suàn – 1. to be considered 2. to calculate 3. to predict 我昨天就算到他一定来。 (Yesterday I predicted he would come.)
* 陪 péi – to accompany; to keep company
* 怪 guài – [adjective: strange] to blame
* 抄 chāo – 1. to copy 不要炒你同学的作业。(Don’t copy your classmates’ work.) 2. to use (in different collocations) 抄近路。(Take a shortcut.) 抄家伙。(Take your weapons out.)
* 插 chā – 1. to insert 2. to stab 3. to fuck
* 拖 tuō – 1. to drag 2. to delay; to postpone; to procrastinate
* 含 hán – 1. to contain 2. to keep/have in the mouth
* 赖 lài – 1. to rely on; to depend on 2. to falsely accuse; to set someone up 3. to blame
* 喂 wèi – [interjection: hello] to feed
* 逛 guàng – to stroll; to window-shop
* 挎 kuà – to link arms
* 盼 pàn – to look forward to我天天盼着你来。(I think about you coming back to me every day.) 我盼着我的儿子早结婚。(I look forward to my son getting married young.)
* 驻 zhù – to be based in 他是ABC驻北京记者。(He is an ABC correspondent based in Beijing.) Advanced Level: Colloquial Verbs and Slang
* 图 tú – to hope to gain 住学校我图上班近。(By living at school I gain the benefit of being near my workplace.) 他总是图便宜买地摊货。(He always buy stuff from the market because it’s cheap.) 你图什么？（What are you hoping to gain from this?)
* 瞎 xiā – to waste; to squander 他瞎了这个昂贵的布料。(He ruined the luxurious fabric.)
* 蒙 mēng – 1. to deceive; to trick 2. to make a wild guess 知道就说知道，不知道你可别瞎蒙。(If you know, you know – if you don’t, you gotta make a wild guess.)
* 混 hùn 1. to be busy doing something 你混得怎么样？(What you been up to lately?) 2. to drift (usually through life) 最近瞎混。(Just been stuffin’ around.) 他每天不工作，就在家混日子。(He never works, just bums around at home.)
* 惯 guàn – to spoil; to tolerate; to indulge 别惯他的臭毛病。(Don’t put up with his bad habits.)
* 撑 chēng – 1. to open (umbrella, parasol, etc) 把它撑开。(Open it up.) 2. to be full/stuffed 我撑死了。(I’m stuffed.) 3. to put up with我快撑不住了。(I can’t take it anymore.)
* 支 zhī – to physically support 请把它支起来。(Please hold it up.)
* 疼 téng – 1. to be in pain 我的头疼。(I got a headache.) 2. to dote on 妈妈很疼他。 (Mum dotes on him.)
* 管 guǎn – 1. to be in charge of 这里是谁管的？(Who’s in charge here?) 2. to have jurisdiction over 重庆不归四川管了。(Chongqing will not fall under the jurisdiction of Sichuan again.) 3. to discipline 张老师把这个班管得很好。(Mr Zhang disciplines his class well.) 4. to interfere 我的事儿你别管。(Mind your own business.) 5. to care 他不管有没有说明书，就把药给吃了。(Without caring if there were any instructions, he swallowed the pill.) 6. to guarantee 我只管卖，不管好不好用。(I’m just the seller, I can’t guarantee if it works or not.) 7. to look after 无论发生什么，我都会我管你的。(No matter what happens I’ll look after you.)
* 害 hài – 1. to put in harm’s way; to jeopardise 别害他。(Don’t put him in harm’s way.) 2. to cause something bad to happen 你没来，害得我等了一个小时。(I had to wait a whole hour because you didn’t show up.)
* 挂 guà – 1. to hang 墙上挂着画。(There’s a painting hanging on the wall.) 2. to fail 考试挂了。(I flunked my exam.) 3. to die
* 整 zhěng – 1. to do (Northern slang) 你怎么整的？ (How do you do it?) 可咋整啊？ (What are we going to do?)
* 栽 zāi – 1. to plant 我今天栽了两棵树。(I planted two trees today.) 2. to fail; to beat someone 我栽了。(I failed.) 我栽在你手里了。(You beat me.)
* 闪 shǎn – 1. to flash 2. to move suddenly 闪人！(Let’s go!)
* 擎 qíng – 1. to hold up with one’s hands 2. to wait without doing anything (Beijing dialect) 擎等着。(Wait around.)
* 掐 qiā – 1. to pinch 2. to quarrel; to fight 他们掐起来。(They started to have a row.)
* 配 pèi – 1. to be a match; to be qualified to do sth 你和你男朋友不配。(You and your boyfriend are not right together.) 他配不上你。(He’s not good enough for you.) 你不配当经理。(You don’t have what it takes to be a manager.)
* 毁 huǐ – to ruin 他毁了我们的婚姻。(He ruined our marriage.)
* 误 wù – 1. to miss 我误了火车。(I missed my train.) 2. to ruin 他误了我的一生。 (He ruined my life.)
* 猫 māo – (noun: cat) to hide 你猫在哪儿？(Where are you hiding?)
* 嚷 rǎng – to shout 你嚷什么？ (What are you shouting about?)
* 分 fēn – 1. to divide 把西瓜分了。(Divide up the watermelon.) 2. to break up; to separate我们已经分了很久了。(We’ve already been broken up for a while.)
* 废 fèi – 1. to injury someone badly把他废了。(I disabled him.) 2. to be ruined beyond repair车废了。(The car is beyond repair.) 3. to be useless他人废了。(He’s useless.)
* 甩 shuǎi – 1. to shake off 他甩了甩汗。(He shook off his sweat.) 2. to dump 他把我甩了。(He dumped me.)
* 蹬 dēng – 1. to step 2. to dump
* 摇 yáo – 1. to shake 2. to rock
* 耍 shuǎ – 1. to have fun 2. to trick 3. to make friends (dialect) 耍朋友。
* 泡 pào – 1. to submerse; to immerse in water 泡点儿茶。(Make some tea.) 2. to make fun of
* 怵 chù – 1. to be unwilling to do something because it’s too challenging 2. to be scared of 我什么人都不怵。(I’m not scared of anyone.)
* 冲 chōng – 1. rinse 2. flush 3. recharge 4. charge/collide 5. develop a film
* 闯 chuǎng – to storm; to rush in; to break in警察闯进了房间。(The police stormed into the room.)
* 鸟 diǎo – 1. to talk to somebody 他不鸟我。(He’s not talking to me.)
* 揍 zòu – to beat 我要揍你。(I’ll go you.)
* 踢 tī – 1. to kick 2. to kick out 3. to play (soccer) 4. to dump
* 屯 tún – 1. to store 他们在仓库屯了很多东西。 (They store a lot of things at the warehouse.) 2. to station (troops)
* 吞 tūn – 1. to swallow 2. to swallow up 谷歌吞并了摩托罗拉公司。(Google bought out Motorola.) 3. to take away 我把钱吞掉了。(I took all the money away.) 4. 你得吞下这颗苦果。(You’ve made your bed and now you must lie in it.)
* 饶 ráo – to spare someone’s life 我求求你了，饶了我吧。(I beg you, spare me!)
* 蹲 dūn – 1. to squat 2. to stay at home
* 宅 zhái – to stay at home
* 浮 fú – 1. to float 2. to drift (usually through life)
* 逢 féng – to meet 他雅思得了四个7，高兴极了，逢人便说。(He got four 7s for his IELTS and was so happy that he told every one he met.)
* 绑 bǎng – 1. bind; to tie up 快把他绑起来！(Tie him up!) 2. to kidnap
* 拐 guǎi – 1. to turn 2. to kidnap 他被外星人拐走了。(He was abducted by aliens.)
* 扔 rēng – 1. throw 2. to leave 别扔下我不管。(Don’t just leave me out in the cold.) 3. to forget 我的法语早扔了。(I’ve forgotten all my French.)
* 揉 róu – 1. to rub 2. to knead dough
* 挤 jǐ – to squeeze 他从牙缝挤出来就够我活了。(The money he can pick out of his teeth would be enough for me to live.)
* 拷 kào - 1. to handcuff 2. kǎo to copy 拷给我一份。(Make me a copy.) 3. kāo to call
* 论 lùn – 1. to argue 我想跟他论一论。(I’d like to challenge him.) 2. to talk about; to discuss 我们论事不论人。(We’re just discussing the issue, it’s nothing personal.) 3. to value 我们论能力，不论学历。(We value ability, not academic achievement.)
* 轮 lún – 1. to go around 轮到你了。(It’s your turn.) 2. to wave around 他把一把刀轮起来。(He waved the knife around.)
* 掰 bāi – 1. to say goodbye 2. to break off a friendship
* 扁 biǎn – [adj: flat] to beat; to strike 兄弟们，扁他！(Bros – get him!)
* 搓 cuō – 1. to rub 2. to do something 咱们搓一顿吧。(Let’s grab a bite to eat.) 他们正在搓麻将。(They’re playing mahjong.)
* 顶 dǐng – 1. to carry on the head 2. to approve; to support (Internet slang)
* 过 guò – 1. to spend 2. to be extreme/excessive 3. to pass (an exam)
* 顺 shùn – [adj: smooth] to walk off with something; to shoplift
* 卡 kǎ – 1. to block; to be stuck 他被门卡住了。(He got stuck in the door.) 2. to be hard to pass 雅思卡人卡得厉害！(IELTS is a nightmare!)
* 装 zhuāng – 1. to install 2. to pretend 本来就是狼，何必要装羊。(If you’re a wolf, what’s the use in pretending to be a sheep?)
* 背 bèi – to memorise – bēi to carry on one’s back; to piggyback
* 黑 hēi – 1. to trick 我被人黑了。(I’ve been tricked.) 2. to hack 网站被黑了。(The website’s been hacked.)
* 翻 fān – 1. to turn over 2. to translate
* 夹 jiá – 1. fold 2. slam
* 盖 gài – 1. to cover 妈妈会给你盖好的。(Mum will tuck you in.) 太冷了，你要盖好被子。(It’s freezing – stay under the doona.) 2. to surpass; to exceed 在《水浒传》中，宋江的功劳盖了晁盖。 (In Water Margin Song Jiang’s contribution exceeded that of Chao Gai.)
* 逼 bī – to force 我的父母把我逼上绝路。(My parents have backed me into a corner.)
* 涮 shuàn – 1. to rinse 2. to make fun of (old-fashioned) 他涮咱们呢，别信他的话。 (He’s making fun of us, don’t believe what he says.)
* 侃 kǎn – to talk a lot 他这个人很能侃。(He sure talks a lot.)
* 砍 kǎn – 1. to cut down 2. to cut 他砍到我手了！(He cut my hand!)
* 挟 xié – 1. hold under one’s arm (夹住) 2. coerce (挟制) 3. harbour (心怀)
* 眯 mī – 1. squint 2. take a nap
* 脱 tuō – 1. to take off clothing 2. to get away with 如果我们被抓了，你也脱不了关系。(If we get caught, there’s no way you can get out of it.)
* 掖 yē – 1. to support somebody by one’s arm; to tuck in; to thrust in between 2. help; assist
* 抱 bào – 1. carry in one’s arms 2. adopt; hold 3. cherish 4. hang out 5. hatch
* 爆 bào – 1. to explode 2. to fuck 我把他菊花爆了。(I fucked him up the arse.)
* 系 jì – 1. to tie up; to fasten 请把你的安全带系上。(Please put your seat belt on.) 2. xì to be 毛泽东系湖南人。(Mao Zedong is from Hunan.)
* 抽 chōu – 1. to take out 2. to smoke 3. to find (time) 4. to release 5. to shrink/contract 6. to pump out
* 封 fēng – to seal 把那个窗户封死。(Seal the window up.)
* 聚 jù – 1. to gather; to congregate 我们今天在学校聚一聚。(We met up at school today.)
* 奔 bèn – to run in a hurry 他刚奔出去。(He just rushed out.)
* 圆 yuán – 1. to make round 2. to justify; to explain 她的故事圆不上了。(Her story is inexplicable.) 3. to make a reality (e.g. a dream) 他圆了她的梦。(She made her dream come true.)
* 守 shǒu – 1. to guard 2. to be with for a long time 她守着残疾的丈夫过了二十年。 (She stayed by her disabled husband’s side for 20 years.)
* 受 shòu – 1. to tolerate 我受不了。(I can’t take it anymore.) 2. to enjoy 这部电影很受欢迎。(This movie is very popular [lit. “enjoys popularity].) 偶爸妈很受爱戴。 (Obama has garnered much support [lit. “enjoys love and support”].) 观音菩萨极其灵验，广受香火。(The Goddess of Mercy answers people’s prayers and is widely worshipped [lit. “widely enjoys incense”].)
* 爬 pá – 1. to climb 2. to crawl
* 炒 chǎo – 1. stir-fry 2. to dismiss; to fire; to sack 3. to invest heavily and make prices go up 去年的澳洲房价高涨当地媒体说都是外国投资者炒起来。(The media have said that the reason house prices in Australia went up last year was due to overseas buyers flooding the market.)
* 怨 yuàn – to blame
* 惹 rě – to provoke; to stir up 谁惹起这件事？(Who started it?) 他总喜欢惹人注意。 (He likes to attract attention.) 别惹乱子。(Don’t stir up trouble.) 他这个人很惹人厌。(He’s a nuisance.)
* 招 zhāo – 1. to beckon 2. to provoke; to stir up 3. to recruit
* 驳 bó – to refute 我驳不倒他。(I can’t prove him wrong.)
* 补 bǔ – 1. to supplement 2. to mend; to patch up; to repair
* 躲 duǒ – 1. to hide 2. to avoid 3. to dodge 他躲过了子弹。(He dodged a bullet.) 我们躲过了一场灾难。(We managed to escape from the disaster.)
* 藏 cáng – 1. to hide something or someone; to harbour 2. to store
* 缴 jiǎo – 1. to pay money 2. to hand in
* 订 dìng – 1. to order 2. to book; to reserve
* 丢 diū – 1. to lose 2. to throw 3. to litter
* 许 xǔ – 1. to allow; to permit 2. to promise
* 漏 lòu – 1. to leak 2. to reveal; to leak information
* 勾 gōu – 1. to seduce 2. to evoke 他说的话勾起了我的回忆。(What he said brought back some memories.) 3. to tick 把它勾掉。(Tick it off.)
* 抢 qiǎng – 1. to mug; to steal 他抢了我钱包。(He mugged me and took my wallet.) 2. to rob 他抢了银行。(He robbed the bank.) 3. to scramble for; to vie for; to rush for 我们抢着做刷碗。(We both insisted on washing the dishes.) 4. to yank; to grab
* 挣 zhēng 1. to scramble for; to vie for; to rush for 2. to open 把袋子挣开。(Open your bag.) – zhèng to earn money 我今天挣了30。(Today I earned thirty bucks.)
* 免 miǎn – 1. to avoid 2. to exempt; to excuse
* 欠 qiàn – 1. to owe 2. to lack 他做事欠妥当。(He doesn’t do things properly.) 3. to move forward slightly (to adjust the position of one’s body)
* 戒 jiè – to abstain from; give up; to quit 他戒烟了。(He quit smoking.) 她戒酒了。 (She gave up drinking.)
* 养 yǎng – 1. to bring up; to cultivate; to raise 他养花，养狗，也养鱼，但还没养过孩子。(He cultivates flowers, raises dogs and he’s even got some fish, but he’s never brought up any children.) 2. to support 父母赚钱养你不容易。(It’s not easy for your parents to earn enough money to support you.)
* 领 lǐng – 1. to lead; to guide 2. to receive 每个月你领了多少工资？(How much salary do you get each month?)
* 宰 zǎi – 1. to slaughter; to butcher 2. to be ripped off 你被宰了。(You were ripped off.)
* 离 lí – to divorce 我们俩离了。(We’re divorced.)
* 架 jià – to take someone away forcibly 把他架出去。(Kick him out.)
* 抓 zhuā – 1. to scratch 2. to grab 3. to grope; to fondle 他抓了她的胸。(He groped her breasts.) 4. to catch 5. to arrest
* 编 biān – 1. to weave 2. to make a list 3. to edit
* 持 chí – 1. to hold 2. to manage
* 传 chuán – 1. to pass on 2. to spread 3. to transmit
* 带 dài – 1. to carry 2. to lead 3. to bring up
* 告 gào – 1. to tell 2. to announce 3. to sue
* 集 jí – 1. to collect 2. to gather
* 理 lǐ – 1. to take notice of 2. to manage 3. to realise
* 连 lián – 1. to join 2. continue
* 求 qiú – 1. to beg for 2. to seek
* 容 róng – 1. to tolerate 2. to allow
* 赛 sài – 1. to race 2. to rival
* 砸 zá – to smash 我用锤子砸他的头。(I smashed his head in with a hammer.)
* 追 zhuī – 1. to chase 2. to reminisce 3. to act retroactively
* 接 jiē – 1. to pick up someone 今天晚上下班我来接你。(I’ll pick you up after work this evening.) 2. to answer; to continue talking 你倒是往下接啊！ (What are you waiting for? Keep going.)
* 考 kǎo – to test oneself 这个你还真考不倒我！(I can answer this question!)
* 托 tuō – to hold in the palm 麻烦你过来帮我托一下，好吗？ (Can you come over here and hold this for me please?)
* 扇 shān – 1. to slap one’s face 我当时真想扇他一巴掌。(At that time I really wanted to slap him in the face.) 2. to fan 你能不能别扇了？怪闹心的！ (Can you please just stop using your fan for a sec? It’s so annoying!)
* 拍 pāi – 1. to take a photo of someone 别拍，别拍，我都不好意思了！ (Please don’t take photo of me! I’m a bit shy!) 2. to pat 他走了过去，拍了拍我。(He came over and gave me a pat on the shoulder.) 我的小狗喜欢我拍他。(My doggie likes it when I pat him.)
* 赶 gǎn – 1. to be equally matched他的英语不赶你好。(His English is no match for yours.) 2. to push or force someone to leave 不用赶，我自己会走！ (You don’t have to kick me out, I’ll leave on my own accord!)
* 扯 chě – 1. to pull on; to yank; to tug 他扯了扯我的衣角。(He tugged at my clothes.) 2. to talk shit 别扯了。(Stop talking bullshit.)
* 缠 chán – 1. to coil 把绳子缠起来。(Wind up the rope.) 2. to tangle 线已缠在一起。 (The thread is tangled.) 3. to entangle; to pester 别缠我。(Leave me alone.)
* 馋 chán – 1. to use food to tempt someone 别用羊肉串儿馋我。(Don’t use lamb shish kebabs to tempt me.) 2. to have a gluttonous craving 我馋了。(I wanna pig out.)
[{2021-10-16 retrieved} https://qingdaoamerasia.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/A-Detailed-Guide-to-One-Character-Verbs-in-Mandarin.pdf]

name::
* McsEngl.verbZhon.charOne,

verbZhon.charTwo

description::
·

name::
* McsEngl.verbZhon.charTwo,

verbZhon.charMany

description::
·

name::
* McsEngl.verbZhon.charMany,

conjunction-name of logoZhon

description::
· Standard-Chinese-conjunction is a-conjunction of the-Standard-Chinese--language.

name::
* McsEngl.Chinese-conjunction!⇒conjZhon,
* McsEngl.Standard-Chinese-conjunction!⇒conjZhon,
* McsEngl.conjZhon,
* McsEngl.conjHmnm.Standard-Chinese!⇒conjZhon,
* McsEngl.conjunction.Standard-Chinese!⇒conjZhon,
* McsEngl.nameZhon.conjunction!⇒conjZhon,
* McsEngl.lagZhon'conjunction!⇒conjZhon,
* McsEngl.lagZhon-conjunction!⇒conjZhon,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.liáncí-连词-(連詞)!~connect-word!=conjZhon,
* McsZhon.连词-(連詞)-liáncí!=conjZhon,

generic-tree-of-conjZhon::
* conjHmnm,
* termZhon,

addressWpg::
* https://www.saporedicina.com/english/conjunctions-chinese/,
* https://www.learn-chinese.com/33-chinese-conjunctions/,
* http://learn101.org/chinese_grammar.php: they call 'prepositions' what I call 'conjunctions'.

syntax of conjZhon

description::
* postposition before the-verb, preposition after the-verb.
* [ArgVerb (conj)] + {verb}:
· stxZhon: 慢慢地走。 :: _stxManner:[[mànmàn](de)] _stxVrb:{zǒu}. != slowly walk.

* {verb} + [(conj) ArgVerb]:
· stxZhon: 飞得快。 :: _stxVrb:{fēi} _stxManner:[(de)[kuài]]. != fly quickly.

name::
* McsEngl.conjZhon'syntax,

conjZhon.SPECIFIC

description::
* bèihòu-背后 != behind,
* bìng-并 != and/furthermore,
* bìngqiě-并且,
* bùguǎn-不管,
* de-的 != of,
* dànshì-但是 != but
* guānyú-关于 != about,
* gēn-跟,
* huò-或,
* háishì-还是 != or
* hé-和 != and/with,
* jí-及,
* jǐnguǎn-尽管,
* miànqián-面前 != in-front-of,
* guānyú-关于 != about,
* ránér-然而,
* suīrán-虽然,
* suǒyǐ-所以,
* tóng-同,
* wài-外 != outside,
* wèile-为了 != for,
* wú-无 != without,
* yuǎnlí-远离 != far-from,
* yóuyú-由于 != due-to/owing-to/because-of,
* yīncǐ-因此,
* yīnwèi-因为,
* yǐjí-以及 != and/as-well-as/along-with,
* yǔ-与 != and/with,
* zhì-至 != to,
* zhījiān-之间 != between,
* zhǐyǒu-只有,
* érqiě-而且,

name::
* McsEngl.conjZhon.specific,

conjZhon.bǎ-把-005

description::
· denotes the-direct-object (conjSmsVerbObject).

=== bǎ-把!=conjSmsVerbObject:
· stxZhon: 请把车洗一洗。 :: _stxArg:[qǐng] _stxObj:[(bǎ) chē] _stxVrb:{xǐyixǐ}。 != [Please] [the car] {wash}.

name::
* McsEngl.conjZhon.005-bǎ-把:conjSmsVerbObject,
* McsEngl.conjZhon.bǎ-把:conjSmsVerbObject,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.bǎ-把!~conjZhon:conjSmsVerbObject,
* McsZhon.把-bǎ!~conjZhon:conjSmsVerbObject,

conjZhon.de-的-001

description::
=== de-的: denotes sequenced-rlnAttributeEntity.
· stxZhon: [白色](的)[狗] != white dog.
· stxZhon: 可爱的宝宝 [kě'ài] (de) [bǎobao] != a cute baby
· "This structure comes up extremely frequently and is an easy way to attribute features to nouns. Occasionally you will see this 的 (de) omitted, but note that if the adjective has two characters (e.g. 漂亮 (piàoliang) or 高兴 (gāoxìng)), the 的 (de) is generally required."
[{2023-06-18 retrieved} https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Modifying_nouns_with_adjective_%2B_%22de%22]

· denotes sequenced-rlnEntityAttribute.
· stxZhon: 我妻子的朋友 [[wǒ][qīzi]] (de) [péngyǒu] != my wife's friend.
· stxZhon: 小李的房子 [Xiǎo Lǐ] (de) [fángzi] != Xiao Li's house
· stxZhon: 这两个词的意思差不多。 :: _stxSbj:[[Zhè liǎng gè cí] (de) [yìsi]] _stxSbjc:[chàbuduō]. != The meanings of these two words are pretty much the same.
· stxZhon: 北京的房子比上海更贵。 :: _stxSbj:[[Běijīng (de) fángzi] (bǐ) Shànghǎi] _stxSbjc:[gèng guì]. != The houses in Beijing are even more expensive than those in Shanghai.

* particle-的,

name::
* McsEngl.conjZhon.001-de-的!=rlnAttributeEntity!=rlnEntityAttribute,
* McsEngl.conjZhon.de-的-001!=rlnAttributeEntity!=rlnEntityAttribute,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.de-的!~conjZhon!=rlnAttributeEntity!=rlnEntityAttribute,
* McsZhon.的-de!~conjZhon!=rlnAttributeEntity!=rlnEntityAttribute,

conjZhon.de-地-002

description::
=== Adj + 地 + Verb
· stxZhon: _stxManner:[[慢慢](地)] _stxVrb:{走}. mànmàn de zǒu. != slowly walk.
· stxZhon: 生气地说 _stxManner:[shēngqì (de)] _stxVrb:{shuō} != angrily say

=== Adj + 地 + Adj
· stxZhon: [特别](地)[珍贵] tè bié de zhēn guì != particularly precious
[{2021-10-09 retrieved} https://www.fluentu.com/blog/chinese/mandarin-chinese-grammar-patterns-structures/]

"Even native Chinese speakers sometimes misuse 的 and 地, both of which can be structural particles. When used as a structural particle, 地 is often placed after adjectives and adverbs to serve as an adverbial marker.
Adjective / Adverb + 地 + Verb phrase / Adjective"
[{2023-05-20 retrieved} https://www.digmandarin.com/commonly-used-chinese-grammar-particles.html]

name::
* McsEngl.conjZhon.002-de-地!=rlnAttributeEntity,
* McsEngl.conjZhon.de-地-002!=rlnAttributeEntity,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.de-地!~conjZhon!=rlnAttributeEntity,
* McsZhon.地-de!~conjZhon!=rlnAttributeEntity,

conjZhon.de-得-003

description::
=== Verb + 得 + State:
· stxZhon: 飞得快。 :: _stxVrb:{fēi} _stxManner:[(de)[kuài]]. != fly quickly.
· stxZhon: _stxSbj:[他] _stxVrb:{跑} _stxManner:[(得) 很慢]。 != [he] {runs} [very slowly].
=== Noun(entity) + 得 + Noun(attribute):

name::
* McsEngl.conjZhon.003-de-得!=rlnEntityAttribute,
* McsEngl.conjZhon.de-得-003!=rlnEntityAttribute,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.de-得!~conjZhon!=rlnEntityAttribute,
* McsZhon.得-de!~conjZhon!=rlnEntityAttribute,

conjZhon.gěi-给-004

description::
=== gěi-给!~conjZhon!=to:
· stxZhon: 我给妈妈寄了礼物。 :: _stxSbj:[Wǒ] _stxObj2:[(gěi) māma] _stxVrb:{jìle} _stxObj:[lǐwù]. != I have mailed the gift to mom.
· stxZhon: stxZhon: 电脑我不能借给他。 :: _stxObj:[Diànnǎo] _stxSbj:[wǒ] _stxVrb:{bù néng} _stxObj:[{jiè} (gěi) tā]。 != [the-computer] [I] {can not} [{lend} (to) him]. I can't lend him the computer.

name::
* McsEngl.conjZhon.004-gěi-给!=to,
* McsEngl.conjZhon.gěi-给!=to,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.gěi-给!~conjZhon!=to,
* McsZhon.给-gěi!~conjZhon!=to,

conjZhon.hé-和-006

description::
"One of the most common English words is the word “and,” which we use to connect nouns, verbs, phrases and sentences. “And” is often translated to “和(hé)” in Chinese. However, in Chinese, you cannot use “和” to connect sentences – the result would sound very awkward!
we can use “和” to connect nouns, verbs, and short non-sentence phrases.
· stxZhon: 我有两个哥哥和一个妹妹。 Wǒ yǒu liǎng gè gēgē hé yīgè mèimei. != I have two older brothers and a younger sister.
· stxZhon: 他喜欢游泳和打篮球。 Tā _stxVrb:{xǐhuān} _stxSbjc:[[yóuyǒng] (hé) [dǎ lánqiú]]. != He likes swimming and playing basketball."
[{2023-05-21 retrieved} https://www.digmandarin.com/top-20-common-mistakes-chinese-learners-make.html]

· stxZhon: 你和我 nǐ hé wǒ != you and I

name::
* McsEngl.conjZhon.006-hé-和,
* McsEngl.conjZhon.hé-和,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.hé-和!~conjZhon!=and,
* McsZhon.和-hé!~conjZhon!=and,

ondo-phrase of logoZhon

description::
· a-ondo-system of the-Standard-Chinese--language.

name::
* McsEngl.ondo-system-of-lagZhon!⇒phraseNounZhon,
* McsEngl.phraseNounZhon,

phraseNounZhon.SPECIFIC

description::
* nounMain-nounMain--phraseNounZhon,
* nounMain-case--phraseNounZhon,
* nounMain-adjective--phraseNounZhon,
* nounMain-adverb--phraseNounZhon,
* nounMain-adjective-adverb--phraseNounZhon,
* nounMain-conjunction--phraseNounZhon,
* nounMain-sentence--phraseNounZhon,

name::
* McsEngl.phraseNounZhon.specific,

verb-argument of sentenceZhon

description::
· verb-argument-of-lagZhon is a-logo-node that denotes a-semo-verb-argument.

name::
* McsEngl.argVerbZhon,
* McsEngl.sentenceZhon'verb-argument!⇒argVerbZhon,
* McsEngl.verb-argument-of-sentenceZhon!⇒argVerbZhon,

argVerbZhon.specific

description::
* ondo-argVerbZhon,
** adjective-ondo--argVerbZhon,
** adverb-ondo--argVerbZhon,
* ondo-system--argVerbZhon,
* conjunction-system--argVerbZhon,
* sentence--argVerbZhon,
===
* subject-argVerbZhon,
* subject-target--argVerbZhon,
** subject-complement-argVerbZhon,
** object-argVerbZhon,
** idirect-object--argVerbZhon,
* agent-argVerbZhon,
* time-argVerbZhon,
* space-argVerbZhon,
* space-direction-argVerbZhon,
* manner-argVerbZhon,
* output-argVerbZhon,
* cause-argVerbZhon,
* goal-argVerbZhon,
* with-what-argVerbZhon,

name::
* McsEngl.argVerbZhon.specific,

argVerbZhon.subject

description::
· subjectZhon is a-argVerbZhon that denotes a-semo-subject.
· stxZhon: _stxSbj:[我] _stxVrb:{打} _stxObj:[球]。!~wǒdǎqiú !=I play ball.
· stxZhon: _stxSbj:[王朋] _stxVrb:{打} _stxObj:[球]。!~wángpéngdǎqiú !=Wang Peng plays ball.

name::
* McsEngl.argVerbZhon.subject!⇒subjZhon,
* McsEngl.subjZhon,
* McsEngl.subjectZhon!⇒subjZhon,

argVerbZhon.subject-target

argVerbZhon.argument

argVerbZhon.time

argVerbZhon.space

sentence of logoZhon

description::
· sentence-of-lagZhon is an-output-node that denotes a-semo-sentence (they denote a-process-or-relation in time of an-entity).
· sentences are the-main units of output.
· the-Chinese-language is a-typical SVO-sequence-language.

name::
* McsEngl.Zhonsentence!⇒sentenceZhon,
* McsEngl.Chinese-sentence!⇒sentenceZhon,
* McsEngl.Standard-Chinese-sentence!⇒sentenceZhon,
* McsEngl.lagZhon'sentence!⇒sentenceZhon,
* McsEngl.lagZhon-node.sentence!⇒sentenceZhon,
* McsEngl.lagZhon-sentence!⇒sentenceZhon,
* McsEngl.logo-sentence--of-lagZhon!⇒sentenceZhon,
* McsEngl.sentZhon!⇒sentenceZhon,
* McsEngl.sentenceZhon,
* McsEngl.sentence.lango.Standard-Chinese!⇒sentenceZhon,
* McsEngl.sentence-of-lagZhon!⇒sentenceZhon,
* McsEngl.sentenceLogZhon!⇒sentenceZhon,
* McsEngl.sntLogZhon!⇒sentenceZhon,
* McsEngl.statement-of-lagZhon!⇒sentenceZhon,

word-order of sentenceZhon

description::
"general rule:
Modifiers go before the modified."
[{2023-05-25 retrieved} https://www.chineseclass101.com/blog/2020/08/07/chinese-word-order/]
===
"The basic word order is subject–verb–object (SVO), as in English. Otherwise, Chinese is chiefly a head-final language, meaning that modifiers precede the words that they modify. In a noun phrase, for example, the head noun comes last, and all modifiers, including relative clauses, come in front of it. This phenomenon however is more typically found in subject–object–verb languages, such as Turkish and Japanese."
[{2023-05-05 retrieved} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_grammar]

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhon'word-order!⇒sentenceZhonwo,
* McsEngl.sentenceZhon.specifics-division.word-order!⇒sentenceZhonwo,
* McsEngl.sentenceZhon.word-order!⇒sentenceZhonwo,
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonwo,
* McsEngl.word-order-of-sentenceZhon!⇒sentenceZhonwo,

sentenceZhonwo.SPECIFIC

description::
* Subject + Verb + Object,
* Subject + Verb + Subject-complement,
* Subject + Subject-complement,
* Subject + Time + Verb,
* Subject + Place + Verb,

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonwo.specific,

sentenceZhonwo.SV

description::
· Subject + Verb:

· stxZhon: 你们吃。 Nǐmen chī. != You eat.
· stxZhon: 你来。Nǐ lái. != You come here!

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonwo.SV,

sentenceZhonwo.SVO

description::
* Subject + Verb + Object,
· stxZhon: 我喝茶。 Wǒ _stxVrb:{hē} chá. != I drink tea.
· stxZhon: 他踢足球。 Tā {tī} zúqiú. != He plays football.
· stxZhon: 我爱你。 Wǒ {ài} nǐ. != I love you.

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonwo.SVO,
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonwo.subject-verb-object,

sentenceZhonwo.SVSc

description::
* Subject + Verb + Subject-complement,
· stxZhon: 他是我朋友。 :: _stxSbj:[Tā] _stxVrb:{shì} _stxSbjc:[wǒ péngyǒu]. != he {is} my friend.
· stxZhon: 我的胃不舒服。 :: _stxSbj:[Wǒ de wèi] _stxVrb:{bù} _stxSbjc:[shūfu]. != My stomach doesn't feel well.

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonwo.SVSc,
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonwo.subject-verb--subject-complement,

sentenceZhonwo.SSc

description::
* Subject + Subject-complement:
· stxZhon: 他很高。 :: _stxSbj:[Tā] _stxSbjc:[hěn gāo]. != He is tall.
· stxZhon: 我儿子一岁。 :: _stxSbj:[Wǒ érzi] _stxSbjc:[yī suì]. != My son is one year old.
· stxZhon: 老师太累了。 :: _stxSbj:[Lǎoshī] _stxSbjc:[tài lèi] {le}. != The teacher is too tired.
· stxZhon: 他非常高。 :: _stxSbj:[Tā] _stxSbjc:[fēicháng gāo]. != He is very tall.

· "Sometimes the 很 (hěn) in this structure is translated as "very," but often it is just a way to link a noun to an adjective."
[{2023-06-11 retrieved} https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Simple_%22noun_%2B_adjective%22_sentences]

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonwo.SSc,
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonwo.noun-adjective,
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonwo.subject--subject-complement,

sentenceZhonwo.SP

description::
· Subject + Space:
· stxZhon: 他在美国。 :: _stxSbj:[Tā] _stxSpace:[(zài) měiguó]。 != [he] [(in) America].
· stxZhon: 妈妈在家。 :: _stxSbj:[māmā] _stxSpace:[(zài) jiā]。 != [mom] [(at) home].

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonwo.SP,
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonwo.subject-space,

sentenceZhonwo.TpSSc

description::
· stxZhon: 今天天真蓝。 :: _stxTime:[Jīntiān] _stxSbj:[tiān] _stxSbjc:[zhēn lán]. != Today, the sky is truly blue.

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonwo.TpSSc,
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonwo.timePoint-subject--subject-complement,

sentenceZhonwo.TpSPV

description::
· TimePoint + Subject + sPace + Verb:
· stxZhon: 今天他不在家吃饭。 :: _stxTime:[jīntiān] _stxSbj:[tā] _stxVrb:{bù _stxSpace:[zàijiā] chīfàn}。 != He is not eating at home today.

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonwo.TpSPV,
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonwo.timePoint-subject-space-verb,

sentenceZhonwo.STpV

description::
* Subject + TimePoint + Verb:
· stxZhon: 我今天工作。 Wǒ jīntiān {gōngzuò}. != I {work} today.
· stxZhon: 我现在在学中文。 Wǒ xiànzài {zàixué} zhōngwén. != I am learning Chinese now.

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonwo.STpV,
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonwo.subject-timePoint-verb,

sentenceZhonwo.STpVTi

description::
* Subject + TimePoint + Verb + TimeInterval:
· stxZhon: 我们昨天唱了八个小时歌。 Wǒmen _stxTimePoint:[zuótiān] _stxVrb:{chàngle} _stxTimeInterval:[bā gè xiǎoshí gē]. != We sang for eight hours yesterday.

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonwo.STpVTi,
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonwo.subject-timePoint-verb-timeInterval,

sentenceZhonwo.SVTi

description::
· stxZhon: 我走了四十分钟。 :: _stxSbj:[Wǒ] _stxVrb:{zǒu le} _stxTimeInterval:[sìshí fēnzhōng]。 != [I] {walked} [(for) forty miniutes].

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonwo.SVTi,
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonwo.subject-verb-timeInterval,

sentenceZhonwo.STpMPIV

description::
* Subject + TimePoint + Manner + Space + Instrument + Verb:
· stxZhon: 我昨天开心地在家用手机学中文。 Wǒ zuótiān kāixīn de zàijiā yòng shǒujī xué Zhōngwén. != I yesterday happily at home by using the phone studied Chinese.

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonwo.STpMPIV,
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonwo.subject-timePoint-space-instrument-verb,

sentenceZhonwo.SPV

description::
* Subject + Place + Verb:
· stxZhon: 我在家学中文。 Wǒ _stxPlace:[zài jiā] _stxVrb:{xué} Zhōngwén. != I at home study Chinese.

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonwo.SPV,
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonwo.subject-space-verb,

sentenceZhonwo.SVsP

description::
* Subject + VerbSpecial + Place:
· These special verbs include:
* 坐 (zuò), “to sit”
* 站 (zhàn), “to stand”
* 走 (zǒu), “to walk”
* 住 (zhù), “to live”
* 留 (liú), “to stay”
* 停 (tíng), “to park”
* 放 (fàng), “to put”
· stxZhon: 你走左边。Nǐ zǒu zuǒbiān. != You go left.
[{2023-05-25 retrieved} https://www.chineseclass101.com/blog/2020/08/07/chinese-word-order/]

· stxZhon: 我去公司。 :: _stxSbj:[Wǒ] _stxVrb:{qù} _stxSpace:[gōngsī]. != I'm going to the office.

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonwo.SVsP,
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonwo.subject-verbSpecial-space,

sentenceZhonwo.SMV

description::
* Subject + Manner + Place:
· stxZhon: 我非常喜欢这个。 Wǒ fēicháng {xǐhuān} zhège. != I extremely like this.

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonwo.SMV,
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonwo.subject-manner-verb,

sentenceZhonwo.SIV

description::
* Subject + Instrument + Verb:
· stxZhon: 我用手机学中文。 Wǒ _stxInstrument:[yòng shǒujī] _stxVrb:{xué} zhōngwén. != I by using my phone study Chinese.

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonwo.SIV,
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonwo.subject-instrument-verb,

end-punctuation of sentenceZhon

description::
"In general, “。|？|！|；” are punctuation used at the end of a sentence in Chinese. Sometimes “，|：|——|····” can also be seen as the end of a sentence if it has the main verb."
[{2021-10-07 retrieved} Ding...Chinese-Main-Verb-Identification, irPaper000001]

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhon'end-punctuation,
* McsEngl.sentenceZhon'punctuation.end,

time-phrase of sentenceZhon

description::
"Knowing how to place the time words in their correct order is crucial. But don’t worry, the rule of thumb is, “BIG TO SMALL.”"
[{2021-10-08 retrieved} https://vividchinese.com/time-order-in-chinese/]

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhon'time-phrase,
* McsEngl.time-phrase-of-sentenceZhon,

info-resource of sentenceZhon

description::
* http://www.meetmandarin.com/articles/basic-chinese-sentence-structure.html,

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhon'Infrsc,

sentenceZhon.SPECIFIC

sentenceZhon.specifics-division.word-order (link)

sentenceZhon.question

description::
"In English, question words have to be placed at the beginning of the sentence. This involves changing the word order to allow this rearrangement. In Chinese, using question words is a lot simpler. You simply place a question word in the place of the thing you want to ask about. Nothing needs to be rearranged."
[{2023-05-27 retrieved} https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Placement_of_question_words]

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhon.question!⇒sentenceZhonAsk,
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonAsk,

sentenceZhonAsk.specific

description::
* yes-no,
* what,
* when,
* where,
* why,

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonAsk.specific,

sentenceZhonAsk.yes-no-ma-吗

description::
"Asking a question in Chinese is one of the things many students stumble over. In Chinese, you typically put the character “吗(ma)” at the end of the sentence to function as a question marker. Using this word can transform almost any statement into a question.
Quick question: how do you translate “Are you an American?”
What about this “你是不是美国人吗?”
Is this your answer too? Then you are WRONG. Besides “吗”, Yes/No questions can also follow the format “是不是” or “有没有”, a format which we call positive-negative inversion. It is the equivalent of saying “Are you or are you not…?” When using this format, you do not also use “吗”, as the positive-negative inversion already marks the sentence as a question.
√ 你是不是美国人？
√ (using “吗”): 你是美国人吗？
One more example:
Do you have Chinese book?
✘ 你有没有汉语书吗?
√ 你有没有汉语书?
√ (using “吗”): 你有汉语书吗?"
[{2023-05-21 retrieved} https://www.digmandarin.com/top-20-common-mistakes-chinese-learners-make.html]

"I've heard Chinese doesn't have words for "yes" and "no." Is this true?
Yes, sort of. In Chinese, the most common way to answer a yes/no question is to repeat the same verb that was used in the question. Use the verb in the positive for "yes," and use the verb in the negative for "no.""
[{2023-05-28 retrieved} https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Learner_FAQ]

=== 了吗-lema:
· stxZhon: 你吃饭了吗？ :: Nǐ chīfàn le ma? != Did you eat?
· stxZhon: 晚饭你吃了吗？ :: _stxObj:[Wǎnfàn] _stxSbj:[nǐ] _stxVrb:{chī le ma}? != Did you eat dinner?

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonAsk.yes-no,
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonAsk.ma-吗,
* McsEngl.yes-no--sentenceZhonAsk,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.ma-吗-sentenceZhonAsk,
* McsZhon.吗-ma-sentenceZhonAsk,

sentenceZhonAsk.affirmative-negative

description::
· "A common way to form questions in Chinese is to first use a verb in the positive, then repeat the same verb in its negative form, similar to how in English we can say, "Do you have money or not?" or "Have you or have you not been to the park?" This sentence pattern feels a lot more natural in Chinese than those admittedly awkward English equivalents, however."
[{2023-05-28 retrieved} https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Affirmative-negative_question]

· stxZhon: 你想不想我？ :: _stxSbj:[Nǐ] _stxVrb:{xiǎng bu xiǎng} _stxObj:[wǒ]? Do you or do you not miss me?
· stxZhon: 喜不喜欢？_stxVrb:{Xǐ bu xǐhuan}? != Do you like it? (only the first character repeated)
· stxZhon: 他帅不帅？_stxSbj:[Tā] _stxSbjc:[shuài {bu} shuài]? Is he handsome?

name::
* McsEngl.affirmative-negative--sentenceZhonAsk,
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonAsk.affirmative-negative,
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonAsk.bu-不,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.bu-不-sentenceZhonAsk,
* McsZhon.不-bu-sentenceZhonAsk,

sentenceZhonAsk.or-还是-háishì

description::
· "While 还是 (háishì) is used for "or" in questions, 或者 (huòzhě) is used for "or" in statements."
[{2023-06-01 retrieved} https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22or%22_in_statements]

· stxZhon: 我还是他？ Wǒ (háishì) tā? != Me or him?
· stxZhon: 辣的还是不辣的？ Là de (háishì) bù là de? != Spicy or non-spicy?
· stxZhon: 他是美国人还是英国人？ :: _stxSbj:[Tā] _stxVrb:{shì} _stxSbjc:[Měiguó rén (háishì) Yīngguó rén]? != Is he American or British?

name::
* McsEngl.or-sentenceZhonAsk-háishì-还是,
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonAsk.or-háishì-还是,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.háishì-还是--问题-wèntí-sentenceZhonAsk,
* McsZhon.还是-háishì--问题-wèntí-sentenceZhonAsk,

sentenceZhonAsk.zěnmeyàng-怎么样

description::
· 怎么样 (zěnmeyàng), you can ask how something is, or what it is like.

=== zěnmeyàng-怎么样-sentenceZhonAsk:
· stxZhon: 今天天气怎么样？ :: Jīntiān tiānqì zěnmeyàng ? != How is the weather today?
· stxZhon: 你最近怎么样？ :: Nǐ zuìjìn zěnmeyàng ? != How have you been recently?
· stxZhon: 北京冬天怎么样？ :: Běijīng dōngtiān zěnmeyàng ? != How is Beijing in the winter?
· stxZhon: 你觉得上海怎么样？ :: Nǐ _stxVrb:{juéde} Shànghǎi zěnmeyàng ? != What do you think of Shanghai?

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonAsk.zěnmeyàng-怎么样,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.zěnmeyàng-怎么样-sentenceZhonAsk,
* McsZhon.怎么样-zěnmeyàng-sentenceZhonAsk,

sentenceZhonAsk.tag

description::
· A tag question is a small question that is attached, or "tagged", to the end of a sentence.

· stxZhon: 你会说中文，对不对？ Nǐ huì shuō Zhōngwén, duì bu duì? != You speak Chinese, right?
· stxZhon: 你有新女朋友了，是不是？Nǐ yǒu xīn nǚpéngyou le, shì bu shì? != You have a new girlfriend, right?
· stxZhon: 你们明天来，好不好？Nǐmen míngtiān lái, hǎo bu hǎo? != You come here tomorrow, OK?

· stxZhon: 这样做，对吗？ Zhèyàng zuò, duì ma? != Do it like this, right?
· stxZhon: 你喜欢我妹妹，是吗？ Nǐ xǐhuan wǒ mèimei, shì ma? != You like my younger sister, huh?
· stxZhon: 不要告诉他，好吗？ Bùyào gàosu tā, hǎo ma? != Don't tell him, OK?
· stxZhon: 妈妈，我要吃巧克力，可以吗？ Māma, wǒ yào chī qiǎokèlì, kěyǐ ma? != Mom, I want to eat chocolate. May I?

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonAsk.tag,

sentenceZhonAsk.duō-多

description::
· asking degree of adjectives:

=== duō-多-sentenceZhonAsk:
· stxZhon: 她多高？ :: _stxSbj:[Tā] _stxSbjc:[duō gāo]? != How tall is she?

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonAsk.duō-多,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.duō-多-sentenceZhonAsk,
* McsZhon.多-duō-sentenceZhonAsk,

sentenceZhonAsk.duōshao-多少

description::
· "When the number is not certain but you assume it's definitely more than ten, it's better to ask the question with 多少 (duōshao) instead of 几 (jǐ)."
[{2023-07-07 retrieved} https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Measure_words_in_quantity_questions]

=== duōshao-多少-sentenceZhonAsk:
· stxZhon: 你去过多少个国家？ :: _stxSbj:[Nǐ] _stxVrb:{qù guo} _stxDirection:[duōshao gè guójiā]? != How many countries have you been to?

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonAsk.duōshao-多少,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.duōshao-多少-sentenceZhonAsk,
* McsZhon.多少-duōshao-sentenceZhonAsk,

sentenceZhonAsk.jǐ-几

description::
"When the number is quite small, jǐ (几; 幾) is used, followed by a classifier."
[{2021-12-04 retrieved} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_grammar#Questions]

=== Subj. + Verb + 几 + Measure Word + Noun？
· stxZhon: 他有几个孩子？ :: _stxSbj:[Tā] _stxVrb:{yǒu} _stxSbjc:[jǐ gè háizi]? != [he] {has} [how many kids]? :: How many kids does he have?

· stxZhon: 银行几点开门？ :: _stxSbj:[Yíngháng] _stxTime:[jǐdiǎn] _stxVrb:{kāimén}? != [bank] [what time] {open}?

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonAsk.jǐ-几,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.jǐ-几-(幾)!=quantoAskFew,
* McsZhon.几-(幾)-jǐ!=quantoAskFew,
* McsZhon.jǐ-几-sentenceZhonAsk,
* McsZhon.几-jǐ-sentenceZhonAsk,

sentenceZhonAsk.ne-呢

description::
· stxZhon: 我很好。你呢？ Wǒ hěn hǎo. Nǐ ne? != I am fine. How are you?
· stxZhon: 钱呢？Qián ne? != Where's the money?

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonAsk.ne-呢,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.ne-呢-sentenceZhonAsk,
* McsZhon.呢-ne-sentenceZhonAsk,

sentenceZhonAsk.cause

description::
· 为什么-wèishénme != why.

· stxZhon: 你为什么学中文？ Nǐ _stxCause:[wèishénme] _stxVrb:{xué} Zhōngwén? Why do you study Chinese? ANSWER: 因为我在中国工作。 Yīnwèi wǒ zài Zhōngguó gōngzuò. Because I'm working in China.

name::
* McsEngl.cause-sentenceZhonAsk,
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonAsk.cause,
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonAsk.wèishénme-为什么-cause,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.wèishénme-为什么--cause-sentenceZhonAsk,
* McsZhon.为什么-wèishénme--cause-sentenceZhonAsk,

sentenceZhonAsk.entity

description::
· 哪个-nǎge != which.

· stxZhon: 你要哪个？ :: _stxSbj:[Nǐ] _stxVrb:{yào} nǎge? Which one do you want? ANSWER: 我要这个。 Wǒ yào zhège. I want this one.

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonAsk.entity,

sentenceZhonAsk.human-shéi-谁

description::
· 谁-shéi != who.
· stxZhon: 你是谁？ :: _stxSbj:[Nǐ] shì shéi? != Who are you? (you are who?) Answer: 我是小李。 Wǒ shì Xiǎo Lǐ. I am Xiao Li.

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonAsk.human,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.shéi-谁--sentenceZhonAsk.human,
* McsZhon.谁-shéi--sentenceZhonAsk.human,

sentenceZhonAsk.manner-zěnme-怎么

description::
· 怎么-zěnme != how.

· stxZhon: 你怎么学习中文？ Nǐ _stxManner:[zěnme] _stxVrb:{xuéxí} Zhōngwén? How do you study Chinese? ANSWER: 我用 Grammar Wiki 学习中文。 Wǒ yòng Grammar Wiki xuéxí Zhōngwén. I use the Grammar Wiki to study Chinese.

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonAsk.manner,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.zěnme-怎么--sentenceZhonAsk.manner,
* McsZhon.怎么-zěnme--sentenceZhonAsk.manner,

sentenceZhonAsk.quantity

description::
* duō-多,

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonAsk.quantity,

sentenceZhonAsk.space

description::
· 哪里-nǎlǐ and 哪儿-nǎr != where.
"The words 哪里 (nǎlǐ) and 哪儿 (nǎr) mean the same thing. The difference is simply regional preference: 哪里 (nǎlǐ) is preferred in the south (Shanghai, Taiwan), whereas 哪儿 (nǎr) is preferred in the north (Beijing, Xi'an)."
[{2023-05-28 retrieved} https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Placement_of_question_words]

· stxZhon: 你在哪里？ Nǐ zài nǎlǐ? != Where are you? ANSWER: 我在家。 Wǒ zài jiā. I'm at home.
· stxZhon: 你住在哪儿？ Nǐ _stxVrb:{zhù} _stxSpace:[(zài) nǎr]? != Where do you live?

· stxZhon: 钱呢？Qián ne? != Where's the money?
· stxZhon: 我的手机呢？ Wǒ de shǒujī ne? != Where's my cell phone?

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonAsk.space,

sentenceZhonAsk.time

description::
· 什么时候-shénme-shíhou!= time.
"asking questions about the past can be slightly more complicated and may involve the "shi... de" construction"
[{2023-05-28 retrieved} https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Placement_of_question_words]

· stxZhon: 你什么时候来？ :: _stxSbj:[Nǐ] _stxTime:[shénme shíhou] _stxVrb:{lái}? When are you coming? ANSWER: 我明天来。Wǒ míngtiān lái. I'm coming tomorrow.

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhonAsk.time,

sentenceZhon.negative

description::
"As we all know, the translation of the English word “not / no” in Chinese is “不(bù)” or “没(méi)”. Some learners are not familiar with their differences, so they use them interchangeably, which is a common error. “不” is generally used to negate an action that you “don’t want to do” or “don’t plan to do in the future”. And when it comes to negation of adjectives, we also use “不”. Opposed to “不”, “没” can both be used to negate an action that happened in the past or indicate that something hasn’t occurred yet.
For example:
He dislikes eating banana.
✘ 他没喜欢吃香蕉。
√ 他不喜欢吃香蕉。
The film isn’t good.
✘ 这个电影没好看。
√ 这个电影不好看。
We didn’t go to that store yesterday.
✘ 我们昨天不去那个商店。
√ 我们昨天没去那个商店。
Note that for “是” we only use the negation word “不” to mean “isn’t,” and for “有” we only use “没” to mean “don’t have”. For example, “We aren’t teachers.” would be “我们不是老师” and “She doesn’t have money.” is “她没有钱” in Chinese."
[{2023-05-21 retrieved} https://www.digmandarin.com/top-20-common-mistakes-chinese-learners-make.html]

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhon.negative,

sentenceZhon.subject--subject-complement

description::
· stxZhon: 他在美国。 :: _stxSbj:[Tā] _stxSbjc:[(zài) měiguó]. != [he] [(in) America].
· stxZhon: 他们都在上海。 :: _stxSbj:[Tāmen dōu] _stxSbjc:[zài shànghǎi]. != They are all in Shanghai.
· stxZhon: 他很高。 :: _stxSbj:[Tā] _stxSbjc:[hěn gāo]. != He is tall.
· stxZhon: 老师太累了。 :: _stxSbj:[Lǎoshī] _stxSbjc:[tài lèi le]. != The teacher is too tired.

"You may know that the word for “is / are” in Chinese is “是 (shì)”. Another tricky aspect of adjectives in Chinese, though, is that we never use “是” to modify a noun.
For example:
He is tall.
✘ 他是高。
√ 他很高。 Tā hěn gāo.
Beijing is big.
✘ 北京是大。
√ 北京很大。Běijīng hěn dà.
As you can see, we usually use the word “很(hěn)”, which literally means “very,” instead of “是.”Note that here “很” purely serves a grammatical purpose in the sentence of “Subject + 很 + Adjective”."
[{2023-05-21 retrieved} https://www.digmandarin.com/top-20-common-mistakes-chinese-learners-make.html]

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhon.noun-adjective,
* McsEngl.sentenceZhon.subject--subject-complement,

sentenceZhon.是..的-shì..de

description::
· "The 是⋯⋯的 (shì... de) construction is used to draw attention to certain information in a sentence. It's often used to ask questions that seek specific information, or to explain a situation by emphasizing a particular detail. While not strictly tied to any "tense," the 是⋯⋯的 construction is frequently used when asking or telling details about the past."
[{2023-05-28 retrieved} https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/The_%22shi..._de%22_construction_for_emphasizing_details]

name::
* McsEngl.sentenceZhon.shì..de-是..的,
* McsEngl.sentenceZhon.是..的-shì..de,

section of logoZhon

description::
· section[a]-of-lagZhon is an-output-node that denotes a-semo-section.
· it[a] is a-whole-part-system of sentences with a-title.

name::
* McsEngl.lagZhon'section!⇒sectionZhon,
* McsEngl.lagZhon-node.section!⇒sectionZhon,
* McsEngl.lagZhon-section!⇒sectionZhon,
* McsEngl.logo-section--of-lagZhon!⇒sectionZhon,
* McsEngl.sctLogZhon!⇒sectionZhon,
* McsEngl.section-of-lagZhon!⇒sectionZhon,
* McsEngl.sectionZhon,
* McsEngl.sectionLogZhon!⇒sectionZhon,

root-node of logoZhon

description::
· root-node-of-lagZhon is the-outermost logo-node of logo.

name::
* McsEngl.lagZhon'root!⇒rootZhon,
* McsEngl.lagZhon-node.root!⇒rootZhon,
* McsEngl.lagZhon-root!⇒rootZhon,
* McsEngl.logo-root--of-lagZhon!⇒rootZhon,
* McsEngl.root-node--of-lagZhon!⇒rootZhon,
* McsEngl.rootZhon,

logoZhon.speech

description::
· speech of lagZhon is the-output of oral-Standard-Chinese.

name::
* McsEngl.Zhonspeech!⇒speechZhon,
* McsEngl.lagZhon'speech!⇒speechZhon,
* McsEngl.lagZhon-speech!⇒speechZhon,
* McsEngl.lingOrlZhon!⇒speechZhon,
* McsEngl.oral-logo--of-lagZhon!⇒speechZhon,
* McsEngl.speech-of-lagZhon!⇒speechZhon,
* McsEngl.spcZhon!⇒speechZhon,
* McsEngl.speechZhon,

logoZhon.written

description::
· textZhon is the-output of written-Standard-Chinese.

name::
* McsEngl.Zhontext!⇒textZhon,
* McsEngl.written-logo--of-lagZhon!⇒textZhon,
* McsEngl.lagZhon'text!⇒textZhon,
* McsEngl.lagZhon-text!⇒textZhon,
* McsEngl.logo-written--of-lagZhon!⇒textZhon,
* McsEngl.logo-text--of-lagZhon!⇒textZhon,
* McsEngl.textZhon,
* McsEngl.txtZhon!⇒textZhon,

punctuation of textZhon

description::
* 。 Uccp12290 = end of sentence,

name::
* McsEngl.Zhonpunctuation,
* McsEngl.textZhon'punctuation,
* McsEngl.punctuation.textZhon,

info-resource of lagZhon

name::
* McsEngl.lagZhon'Infrsc,

addressWpg::
*

Infrsc.computer-program of lagZhon

description::
=== tool:
* Chinese word segmentation test online tool: https://www.toolnb.com/tools-lang-en/fc.html,
* pin1yin1 to pīnyīn: https://www.yellowbridge.com/chinese/pinyin-editor.php,
* html to Chinese: https://chinese.gratis/tools/unicode2chinese/,
* Chinese to html: https://chinese.gratis/tools/chinese2unicode/,
* name to Chinese: https://chinese.gratis/names/,
===
* member-finder,
* https://chinesenlp.xyz/#/,

name::
* McsEngl.lagZhon'Infrsc.computer-program,
* McsEngl.lagZhon'computer-program,
* McsEngl.lagZhon'tool,

Infrsc.dictionary of lagZhon

description::
* https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary,
* https://www.yellowbridge.com/chinese/dictionary.php, stroke order,
* http://xenomachina.com/toys/pinyin2hanzi.html,
* Chinese to pinyin: https://www.pin1yin1.com/,

name::
* McsEngl.dictionary.lagZhon,
* McsEngl.lagZhon'dictionary,

Infrsc.learning of lagZhon

description::
* http://www.chinese-grammar.com/,
* https://www.coursera.org/learn/hsk-1,
* https://improvemandarin.com/basic-chinese-grammar/,
* https://chinese.stackexchange.com/,

name::
* McsEngl.lagZhon'Infrsc.learning,

MISC-ATTRIBUTE of lagZhon

knower of lagZhon

description::
· knower of lagZhon is a-human or a-machine who knows the-language.
· the-knower has his own brain-worldview and understands the-brain-worldviews of others (= can-create the-mind-views of others when he senses the-output of them).

name::
* McsEngl.knower-of-lagZhon!⇒lagZhon'knower,
* McsEngl.lagZhon'knower,

specific::
* speaker,
* listener,
* writer,
* reader,

knower.speaker of lagZhon

description::
· speaker is the-creator of speech.

name::
* McsEngl.lagZhon'speaker,
* McsEngl.lagZhon'knower.speaker,

specific::

knower.listener of lagZhon

description::
· listener of lagZhon is the-knower who undertands the-speech.

name::
* McsEngl.lagZhon'listener,
* McsEngl.lagZhon'knower.listener,

evoluting of lagZhon

name::
* McsEngl.lagZhon'evoluting,

addressWpg::
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Chinese_language,

{Bce1200}-lagZhon'oracle-bone-script::
"The earliest confirmed evidence of the Chinese script yet discovered is the body of inscriptions carved on bronze vessels and oracle bones from the late Shang dynasty (c. 1250–1050 BC).[44][45] The earliest of these is dated to around 1200 BC."
* McsEngl.{Bce1200}-lagZhon'oracle-bone-script,
* McsEngl.{lagZhon'Bce1200}-oracle-bone-script,
[{2021-10-02 retrieved} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_characters#Oracle_bone_script]

Chinese-family of lagZhon

description::
· Chinese-family-language is the-evolutionary-tree of Chinese varieties.
[hmnSngo.{2021-10-05}]
===
"Chinese (simplified Chinese: 汉语; traditional Chinese: 漢語; pinyin: Hànyǔ[b] or also 中文; 申文; Zhōngwén,[c] especially for the written language) is a group of languages that form the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan languages, spoken by the ethnic Han Chinese majority and many minority ethnic groups in Greater China. About 1.3 billion people (or approximately 16% of the world's population) speak a variety of Chinese as their first language.[3]"
[{2021-09-17 retrieved} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language]

name::
* McsEngl.Chinese-family-language!⇒lagZho0,
* McsEngl.Han-language!⇒lagZho0,
* McsEngl.Standard-Chinese-family-language!⇒lagZho0,
* McsEngl.lagZho0,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.hànyǔ-汉语!~Han-lag!=lagZho0,
* McsZhon.zhōngwén-中文!~Chinese-written-lag!=lagZho0,
* McsZhon.汉语-hànyǔ!=lagZho0,
* McsZhon.中文-zhōngwén!=lagZho0,

Literary-Chinese of lagZhon

description::
"Classical Chinese, also known as Literary Chinese[note 1] (古文 gǔwén "ancient text", or 文言 wényán "text speak", meaning "literary language/speech"; modern vernacular: 文言文 wényánwén "text speak text", meaning "literary language writing"), is the language of the classic literature from the end of the Spring and Autumn period through to either the start of the Qin dynasty or the end of the Han dynasty, a written form of Old Chinese (上古漢語, Shànggǔ Hànyǔ). Classical Chinese is a traditional style of written Chinese that evolved from the classical language, making it different from any modern spoken form of Chinese. Literary Chinese was used for almost all formal writing in China until the early 20th century, and also, during various periods, in Japan, Ryukyu, Korea and Vietnam. Among Chinese speakers, Literary Chinese has been largely replaced by written vernacular Chinese, a style of writing that is similar to modern spoken Mandarin Chinese, while speakers of non-Chinese languages have largely abandoned Literary Chinese in favor of their respective local vernaculars. Although languages have evolved in unique, different directions from the base of Literary Chinese, many cognates can be still found between these languages that have historically written in Classical Chinese.
Literary Chinese is known as kanbun (漢文, "Han writing") in Japanese, hanmun in Korean (but see also gugyeol) and văn ngôn (文言)[1] or Hán văn (漢文) in Vietnamese. [note 1] Some sources distinguish between Classical Chinese as strictly the language of the ancient classics and Literary Chinese as the classical style of writing used throughout Chinese history prior to the May Fourth Movement"
[{2023-05-06 retrieved} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Chinese]

name::
* McsEngl.Chinese.Literary!⇒lagZhol,
* McsEngl.Classical-Chinese!⇒lagZhol,
* McsEngl.Literary-Chinese!⇒lagZhol,
* McsEngl.lagZhol,
* McsEngl.lagZhol-Literary-Chinese,
====== langoChinese:
* McsZhon.古文-gǔwén-ancient-text!=lagZhol,
* McsZhon.文言-wényán--text-speak--literary-language/speech!=lagZhol,
* McsZhon.文言文-wényánwén--text-speak-text--literary-language-writing!=lagZhol,

04_output (view-logo) of lagZhol

word of lagZhol

description::
"Compared to the written vernacular Chinese of today, the most notable difference is that Classical Chinese rarely uses words composed of two Chinese characters; nearly all words are written with one character only. This stands directly in contrast with vernacular Chinese, in which two-character words are extremely common. This phenomenon exists, in part, because as sound changes created homophones among words, compounding was used to resolve ambiguities."
[{2023-05-06 retrieved} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Chinese_grammar]

name::
* McsEngl.lagZhol'word!⇒wordZhol,
* McsEngl.wordZhol,

wordZhol.SPECIFIC

description::
"The lexicon of Classical Chinese has been traditionally divided into two large categories: content words (實字 shí zì, literally: "substantial words") and function words (虛字 xū zì, literally: "empty words").[10] Scholars of Classical Chinese grammar notably disagree on how to further divide these two categories exactly, but a classification using word classes similar to those of Latin (noun, adjective, verb, pronoun, etc.) has been common.[11] However, this remains debated, as many words can be used as multiple parts of speech."
[{2023-05-06 retrieved} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Chinese_grammar#Typological_overview]

name::
* McsEngl.wordZhol.specific,

part-of-speech of lagZhol

description::
"words are not restrictively categorized into parts of speech: nouns are commonly used as verbs, adjectives as nouns, and so on."
[{2023-05-06 retrieved} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Chinese#Grammar_and_lexicon]
===
· the-above, demonstrates my theory-of-language that human-languages map mind-views (systems of mind-concepts).
· the-first languages used mind-names and then the-semo-concepts and their mappings (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, adjectives, ...) have-been-developed.
· thus a-mind-concept, depending on its meaning, can-have many parts-of-speech.
· also this explains the-common mistakes of dictionaries to express the-meaning of a-verb with its counterpart noun!
· the-Chinese-predicative-adjectives which sometimes liguists call "static or stative verbs", it is-not-correct. They are adjectives and the-attributive-relation is-implied like the-attributive-adjectives.
[hmnSngo.{2023-05-06}]

name::
* McsEngl.lagZhol'part-of-speech,
* McsEngl.part-of-speech--of-lagZhol,
* McsEngl.pos-of-Literary-Chinese,
* McsEngl.wordZhol.part-of-speech,

overview of lagZhon

01_input1-(mind-view) (link) of lagZhon

02_input2-(senso-mind-view) (link) of lagZhon

03_input3-(semo-view) of lagZhon

semo-concept of semasoZhon

cptSmsZhon.SPECIFIC

cptSmsZhon.ondo

sms-attribute of ondoSemoZhon

member of ondoSemoZhon

OndoSmsmbrZhon.SPECIFIC

OndoSmsmbrZhon.main

OndoSmsmbrZhon.special

logo-relation of ondoSemoZhon

GENERIC of ondoSemoZhon

ondoSemoZhon.SPECIFIC of lagZhon

cptSmsZhon.verb

senso-mind-relation of verbSmsZhon

logo-relation of verbSmsZhon

cptSmsZhon.conjunction

GENERIC of semo-view of lagZhon

04_output (logo-view) of lagZhon

syntax-tree of logoZhon

node of logoZhon

unit of logoZhon

unitZhon.term

unitZhon.termNo

unitTermZhon.phoneme of speech

info-resource of phonemeZhon

phonemeZhon.SPECIFIC of speech

phonemeZhon.vowel of speech

phonemeZhon.vowelNo of speech

phonemeZhon.vowelBo of speech

unitTermZhon.syllabogram of text

unitTermZhon.character of text

input of charZhon

radical of charZhon

radicalZhon.一-yī-001

radicalZhon.丨-gǔn-002

radicalZhon.丶-zhǔ-003

radicalZhon.丿-piě-004

radicalZhon.乙/乚-yǐ-005

radicalZhon.亅/了-jué-006

radicalZhon.二-èr-007

radicalZhon.亠-tóu-008

radicalZhon.人/亻-rén-009

radicalZhon.儿-rén-010

radicalZhon.入-rù-011

radicalZhon.八-bā-012

radicalZhon.冂-jiōng-013

radicalZhon.冖-mì-014

radicalZhon.冫-bīng-015

radicalZhon.几-jǐ-016

radicalZhon.凵-qū-017

radicalZhon.刀/刂-dāo-018

radicalZhon.力-lì-019

radicalZhon.勹-bāo-020

radicalZhon.匕-bǐ-021

radicalZhon.匚-fāng-022

radicalZhon.匸-xǐ-023

radicalZhon.十-shí-024

radicalZhon.卜-bǔ-025

radicalZhon.卩-jié-026

radicalZhon.厂-hǎn-027

radicalZhon.厶-sī-028

radicalZhon.又-yòu-029

radicalZhon.讠-yán-030

radicalZhon.口-kǒu-031

radicalZhon.囗-wéi-032

radicalZhon.土-tǔ-033

radicalZhon.士-shì-034

radicalZhon.夂-zhǐ-035

radicalZhon.夊-suī-036

radicalZhon.夕-xī-037

radicalZhon.大-dà-038

radicalZhon.女-nǚ-039

radicalZhon.子/孑-zǐ-040

radicalZhon.宀-mián-041

radicalZhon.寸-cùn-042

radicalZhon.小-xiǎo-043

radicalZhon.尢-wāng-044