generic-entity
senso-concept-Mcs (generic)

McsHitp-creation:: {2019-09-12},

overview of generic

description::
· generic-entity\a\ is an-entity WITH specific-attributes (concepts which have at least the-attributes of it\a\).
· example: tree.
· 'tree' includes ANY individual-tree, a-set of trees, AND ALL trees.

name::
* McsEngl.McsCor000009.last.html//dirCor//dirMcs!⇒generic,
* McsEngl.dirMcs/dirCor/McsCor000009.last.html!⇒generic,
* McsEngl.entity.generic!⇒generic,
* McsEngl.generic,
* McsEngl.generic.lagoSngu!=keu,
* McsEngl.generic.lagoElln!=γενικό!το,
* McsEngl.generic!=McsCor000009,
* McsEngl.generic-entity!⇒generic,
* McsEngl.generic!=generic-entity!⇒generic,
* McsEngl.megethos!⇒generic,
* McsEngl.individualNo-entity!⇒generic,
* McsEngl.instanceNo-entity!⇒generic,
* McsEngl.the-singular!⇒generic, [The camel is a beast of burden],
* McsEngl.plural!⇒generic, [camels are beasts of burden],
* McsEngl.quantity.abstractNo!⇒generic,
====== lagoSinagu:
* McsSngu.keu!=generic,
====== lagoChinese:
* McsEngl.yībānxìng-一般性!=generic,
* McsZhon.yībānxìng-一般性!=generic,
* McsZhon.一般性-yībānxìng!=generic,
====== lagoGreek:
* McsElln.γενική-έννοια!=generic,
* McsElln.γενική-οντότητα!=generic,
* McsElln.μέγεθος!το!=generic,
* McsElln.ποσότητα-μή-αφηρημένη!η!=generic,
====== lagoTurkish:
* McsTurk.genel!=generic,

specific of generic

description::
· specific of generic\a\ is any entity that has the-attributes of generic\a\.

name::
* McsEngl.abstractNo-quantity,
* McsEngl.quantity-NOT-abstract,
* McsEngl.quantity!⇒specific,
* McsEngl.quantity-of--generic-entity,
* McsEngl.specific,
* McsEngl.specific.lagoSngu!=geu,
* McsEngl.specific.lagoElln!=ειδικό!το,
* McsEngl.specific-of-generic,
* McsEngl.type!=specific,
====== lagoSinagu:
* McsSngu.geu!=specific,
· lagoSngo names the-specific-of-generic as: generic-specific or genericSpecific.
====== lagoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.specifa,
====== lagoGreek:
* McsElln.ειδικό!το!=specific,
====== lagoItalian:
* McsItln.specifico-/specífiko/!=specific,
====== lagoTurkish:
* McsTurk.özel!=specific,
======
"Here are translations of the English adjective "specific" (meaning particular, precise, or clearly defined) in many major world languages. I've included the most common/standard form, with a rough pronunciation guide where helpful.
| Language | Translation | Pronunciation (approx.) |
| Spanish | específico / específica | es-peh-SEE-fee-koh |
| French | spécifique | spay-see-FEEK |
| German | spezifisch | shpay-TSEE-fish |
| Italian | specifico / specifica | speh-CHEE-fee-koh |
| Portuguese | específico / específica | es-peh-see-FEE-koo |
| Russian | специфический (spetsificheskiy) | speh-tsee-FEE-ches-kiy |
| Arabic | خاص (khaas) or محدد (muḥaddad) | khass / moo-HAD-dad |
| Hindi | विशिष्ट (vishisht) | vi-SHISHT |
| Mandarin Chinese | 具体的 (jùtǐ de) / 特定的 (tèdìng de) | joo-tee duh / teh-ding duh |
| Japanese | 特定の (tokutei no) / 具体的な (gutaiteki na) | toh-koo-tay no / goo-tie-tek na |
| Korean | 특정적인 (teukjeongjeogin) | teuk-jeong-jeo-gin |
| Turkish | spesifik / belirli | speh-see-fik / ber-lee |
| Dutch | specifiek | spay-see-FEEK |
| Swedish | specifik | speh-see-FEEK |
| Polish | specyficzny | speh-tsi-FICH-ni |
| Greek | συγκεκριμένος (sygkekriménos) | sin-ge-kree-MEH-nos |
| Hebrew | ספציפי (spetzifi) | spet-see-FEE |
| Swahili | mahususi | ma-hoo-SOO-see |
| Indonesian | spesifik | speh-SEE-fik |
| Vietnamese | cụ thể | koo TEH |
| Thai | เฉพาะ (chápháw) | cha-PAW |
| Bengali | নির্দিষ্ট (nirdishta) | neer-DISH-to |
| Persian (Farsi) | خاص (khās) or مشخص (mokhasses) | khass / mo-khas-ses |
| Romanian | specific | speh-CHEE-fik |
| Czech | specifický / konkrétní | speh-tsee-FITS-kee |
| Hungarian | specifikus | shpeh-tsee-FEE-koosh |
| Finnish | spesifinen | speh-SEE-fee-nen |
Note: Many languages borrow the word “specific” directly (especially in technical or scientific contexts), but I've prioritized the most natural native equivalent when possible.
If you need the translation in another language or a specific context (e.g., medical, legal), just let me know!"
[{2025-12-04 retrieved} https://x.com/i/grok?conversation=1996563069208523092]

specific.individual

description::
× Mcsh-creation: {2025-12-04},
· individual-entity\a\ is an-entity WITHOUT specific-attributes (concepts which have at least the-attributes of it\a\).
· the-number of its\a\ referents is one.

=== jiù-就!~adveZhon!=individual:
· _stxZhon: 这 件 事 就 我 知道 。 :: Zhè jiàn shì jiù wǒ zhīdào. != [this incident] [only] [I] {know} :: I'm the only person that knows about this.
· _stxZhon: 我 就 一 个 哥哥 。 :: _stxSbj:[Wǒ] _stxIndividuality:[jiù] _stxSbjc:[yī gè gēge]. != I only have one brother.
=== zhǐ-只!~adveZhon!=individual:
· _stxZhon: 我 只 有 一 个 哥哥。 :: _stxSbj:[Wǒ] _stxIndividuality:[zhǐ] _stxVrb:{yǒu} _stxSbjc:[yī gè gēge]. != I only have one older brother.

name::
* McsEngl.specific.individual,
* McsEngl.stxIndividuality,
* McsEngl.syntax.individuality,
* McsEngl.atomic-entity!⇒individual,
* McsEngl.concrete-entity!⇒individual,
* McsEngl.entity.genericNo!⇒individual,
* McsEngl.entity.individual!⇒individual,
* McsEngl.genericNo-entity!⇒individual,
* McsEngl.idvl!⇒individual,
* McsEngl.individual,
* McsEngl.individual-concept!⇒individual,
* McsEngl.individual-entity!⇒individual,
* McsEngl.individuality-attribute,
* McsEngl.instance-entity!⇒individual,
* McsEngl.adjeEngl.only!=individual,
* McsEngl.only!~adjeEngl!=individual,
* McsEngl.single-entity!⇒individual,
* McsEngl.unique-entity!⇒individual,
====== lagoSinagu:
* McsSngu.koNo!=individual, {2022-01-03},
* koUno!=individual,
====== lagoChinese:
* McsEngl.gè-个!=individual,
* McsZhon.gè-个!=individual,
* McsZhon.个-gè!=individual,
* McsEngl.adveZhon.jiù-就!=individual,
* McsEngl.jiù-就!~adveZhon!=individual,
* McsZhon.就-jiù!~adveZhon!=individual,
* McsEngl.adveZhon.zhǐ-只!=individual,
* McsEngl.zhǐ-只!~adveZhon!=individual,
* McsZhon.只-zhǐ!~adveZhon!=individual,
====== lagoEsperanto:
* McsEspo.individuo!=individual,
====== lagoGreek:
* McsElln.ατομική-οντότητα!=individual,
* McsElln.ατομικό!το!=individual,
* McsElln.μοναδικό!το!=individual,
* McsElln.επίθετο.μοναδικός!-ός-ή-ό:individual,
* McsElln.μοναδικός!-ός-ή-ό!~adjeElln:individual,
* McsElln.συγκεκριμένη-έννοια!=individual,
====== lagoTurkish:
* McsTurk.bireysel!=individual,

specific.definite

description::
× Mcsh-creation: {2025-12-04},
* UOM,
* measure,
* individual,
* deictic,

name::
* McsEngl.specific.definite,

specific.definiteNo

description::
× Mcsh-creation: {2025-12-04},

name::
* McsEngl.specific.definiteNo,
* McsEngl.specific.indefinite,

specific.complement

description::
× Mcsh-creation: {2025-12-04},
· on generic:
* generic-entity,

name::
* McsEngl.genericNo'specific-complement,
* McsEngl.specific.complement,

generic-specific--relation

description::
· generic-specific--relation is the-sequencedNo-relation between a-generic\a\ and a-specific of it\a\.

name::
* McsEngl.generic-specific-unsequenced-relation!⇒rlnGenericSpecific,
* McsEngl.relation.generic-specific!⇒rlnGenericSpecific,
* McsEngl.rlnGenericSpecific,
* McsEngl.rlnSpecificGeneric,
* McsEngl.specific-generic-unsequenced-relation!⇒rlnGenericSpecific,
====== lagoSinagu:
* McsSngu.gau-kau!=rlnGenericSpecific,
* McsSngu.kau-gau!=rlnGenericSpecific,
* McsSngu.mau-kau-gau!=rlnGenericSpecific,

actNaming of generic-specific

description::
* lagSngo:
* langoSinago/lángo-sinágo/,
· generic.specific,
· specific:generic,

name::
* McsEngl.actNaming.generic-specific,
* McsEngl.actNaming.specific-generic,

generic-then-specific relation

description::
· specific-generic--sequenced-relation is the-sequenced-relation between a-specific\a\ and a-generic of it\a\.

=== to-be!~englverb!=rlnGenericThenSpecific:
· _stxEngl: _stxSbj:[I] _stxVrb:{am} _stxSbjc:[a-student].
=== shì-是!~verbZhon!=rlnGenericThenSpecific:
· _stxZhon: _stxSbj:[我] _stxVrb:{是} _stxSbjc:[学生]。 wǒ shì xuéshēnɡ. != I am a-student.

name::
* McsEngl.being-rlnGenericThenSpecific,
* McsEngl.hypernymy!⇒rlnGenericThenSpecific,
* McsEngl.relation.specific-of-generic!⇒rlnGenericThenSpecific,
* McsEngl.rlnGenericThenSpecific,
* McsEngl.specific:generic!⇒rlnGenericThenSpecific,
* McsEngl.specific-generic--sequenced-relation!⇒rlnGenericThenSpecific,
* McsEngl.specific-of-entity--relation!⇒rlnGenericThenSpecific,
* McsEngl.verb.be!~englverb!=rlnGenericThenSpecific,
====== lagoSinagu:
* McsEngl.SnguConj.ka!=rlnGenericThenSpecific, {2025-12-19}
* McsSngu.ka!~conjSngu!=rlnGenericThenSpecific, {2025-12-19}
* SnguConj.ga!=rlnGenericThenSpecific,
* McsSngu.old.gau!=rlnGenericThenSpecific,
* McsSngu.old.ga!~conjSngu!=rlnGenericThenSpecific,
====== lagoChinese:
* McsEngl.dòngcí.shì-是!=rlnGenericThenSpecific,
* McsEngl.shì-是!~verbZhon!=rlnGenericThenSpecific,
* McsZhon.是-shì!~verbZhon!=rlnGenericThenSpecific,

specific-then-generic relation

description::
· generic-specific--sequenced-relation is the-sequenced-relation between a-generic\a\ and a-specific of it\a\.

=== ότι!~conjElln!=rlnSpecificThenGeneric:
· _stxElln: Tην ώρα που θα ξεκινάς, κάνε μας ένα τηλεφώνημα.
· _stxElln: Φαίνεται ότι είναι νόστιμο.

=== που!~conjElln!=rlnSpecificThenGeneric:
· _stxElln: Φαίνεται που είναι νόστιμο.

=== πως!~conjElln!=rlnSpecificThenGeneric:
· _stxElln: Φαίνεται πως είναι νόστιμο.

=== with '.':
· _stxEngl: [generic.specific]

=== with position:
· _stxSngo: logo-ho.

=== with capital-letter:
· _stxSngo: logoHo.

=== with conjunction:
· _stxEngl: [The simple present] _stxVrb:{is used} [to indicate a habitual action, event, or condition], _stxSpc[(as) in the following sentences].
· _stxEngl: [The economic rebuilding program] _stxVrb:{has both helped and harmed} [the manufacturing sector], [(for example), by improving the supply of raw materials and by increasing competition from imports].
· _stxEngl: _stxSbj:[Consumer durables _stxSpecific[(such as) refrigerators, television sets, bicycles and so on]] _stxVrb:{were produced} in large quantities. [HarperCollins]
· _stxEngl: _stxSbj:[Frege] _stxVrb:{argued} _stxObj:[(that) intension _stxVrb:{determines} extension].
· _stxEngl: _stxSbj:[The candidate _stxSpecific:[who gets the majority of votes]] _stxVrb:{is elected}.

name::
* McsEngl.generic-specific-sequenced-relation!⇒rlnSpecificThenGeneric,
* McsEngl.generic.specific!⇒rlnSpecificThenGeneric,
* McsEngl.hyponymy!⇒rlnSpecificThenGeneric,
* McsEngl.lagoHmnm'generic-specific-sequenced!⇒rlnSpecificThenGeneric,
* McsEngl.relation.specific!⇒rlnSpecificThenGeneric,
* McsEngl.rlnSpecificThenGeneric,
* McsEngl.specific-relation-of-entity!⇒rlnSpecificThenGeneric,
* McsEngl.as!~conjEngl!=rlnSpecificThenGeneric,
* McsEngl.conjEngl.as!=rlnSpecificThenGeneric,
* McsEngl.for-example!~conjEngl!=rlnSpecificThenGeneric,
* McsEngl.conjEngl.for-example!=rlnSpecificThenGeneric,
* McsEngl.that!~conjEngl!=rlnSpecificThenGeneric,
* McsEngl.conjEngl.that!=rlnSpecificThenGeneric,
* McsEngl.who!~conjEngl!=rlnSpecificThenGeneric,
* McsEngl.conjEngl.who!=rlnSpecificThenGeneric,
====== lagoSinagu:
* McsEngl.SnguConj.ka-cca!=rlnSpecificThenGeneric,
* McsSngu.ka-cca!~conjSngu!=rlnSpecificThenGeneric,
* SnguConj.ka!=rlnSpecificThenGeneric,
* McsSngu.old.kau!=rlnSpecificThenGeneric,
* McsSngu.old.ka!~conjSngu!=rlnSpecificThenGeneric,
====== lagoGreek:
* McsElln.ότι!~conjElln!=rlnSpecificThenGeneric,
* McsElln.που!~conjElln!=rlnSpecificThenGeneric,
* McsElln.πως!~conjElln!=rlnSpecificThenGeneric,
* McsElln.σχέσηΓενικήΕιδική!=rlnSpecificThenGeneric,
* McsElln.σύνδεσμος.ειδικός!=rlnSpecificThenGeneric,

info-resource of generic

name::
* McsEngl.generic'Infrsc,

addressWpg::
*

measuring of generic

description::
· measuring of generic\a\ is the-doing of finding the-abstract-measure of its\a\ referent by comparing it with a-unit-of-measurement.

· _stxEngl: Yeah, but here _stxSbj:[you] _stxVrb:{measure} _stxObj:[the land by cows per acre, not the other way around].

name::
* McsEngl.actMeasuring,
* McsEngl.evaluating.quantity!⇒actMeasuring,
* McsEngl.generic'measuring!⇒actMeasuring,
* McsEngl.measure'01_measuring!⇒actMeasuring,
* McsEngl.measurement!⇒actMeasuring,
* McsEngl.measuring-acting!⇒actMeasuring,
* McsEngl.quantity-evaluating!⇒actMeasuring,
* McsEngl.dngActMeasuring!⇒actMeasuring,
* McsEngl.verb.measure!=actMeasuring!~englverbB1,
* McsEngl.measure!=actMeasuring!~englverbB1,
====== lagoSinagu:
* McsSngu.old.tiu-kao!=actMeasuring,
* rio-kao!=actMeasuring,
====== lagoGreek:
* McsElln.διαδικασία-μέτρησης!=actMeasuring,
* McsElln.μέτρηση-διαδικασία!=actMeasuring, 'πότε έγινε η-μέτρηση;'
* McsElln.μετρώ!~verbElln!=actMeasuring,
* McsElln.ρήμα.μετρώ!=actMeasuring,
======
">'measurement' in world languages per family and pronunciation:
Here is **how to say “measurement” in major world languages**, grouped **by language family**, with **IPA pronunciation**.
Let me know if you want an expanded list (more families, more languages, or etymology).
---
# 🌍 **Indo-European Languages**
## **Germanic**
| Language | Word | IPA |
| English | measurement | /ˈmɛʒərmənt/ |
| German | Messung | /ˈmɛsʊŋ/ |
| Dutch | meting | /ˈmeːtɪŋ/ |
| Swedish | mätning | /ˈmɛ̂ːtnɪŋ/ |
| Danish | måling | /ˈmɔːleŋ/ |
| Norwegian | måling | /ˈmoːlɪŋ/ |
| Icelandic | mæling | /ˈmaiːliŋk/ |
## **Romance**
| Language | Word | IPA |
| French | mesure | /məˈzyʁ/ |
| Spanish | medida | /meˈðiða/ |
| Italian | misurazione | /mizuɾatˈtsjoːne/ |
| Portuguese | medição | /mɛdiˈsɐ̃w̃/ |
| Romanian | măsurare | /məsuˈrare/ |
| Catalan | mesura | /məˈzuɾə/ |
## **Slavic**
| Language | Word | IPA |
| Russian | измерение | /ɪzmʲɪˈrʲenʲɪje/ |
| Polish | pomiar | /ˈpɔmʲar/ |
| Czech | měření | /ˈmɲɛr̝ɛɲiː/ |
| Serbian/Croatian | mjerenje | /ˈmjɛrɛɲe/ |
| Bulgarian | измерване | /izmɛrˈvanɛ/ |
| Ukrainian | вимірювання | /vɪmʲiruˈvanʲa/ |
## **Indo-Aryan**
| Language | Word | IPA |
| Hindi | माप (measurement), मापना (to measure) | /maːp/ |
| Bengali | পরিমাপ | /pɔrimap/ |
| Marathi | मोजमाप | /moːd͡ʒmaːp/ |
| Punjabi | ਮਾਪ | /maːp/ |
| Urdu | پیمائش | /pɛːˈmaːɪʃ/ |
## **Iranian**
| Language | Word | IPA |
| Persian (Farsi) | اندازه‌گیری | /ændɑːzeːgiːˈɾiː/ |
| Kurdish (Kurmanji) | pîvandin | /piːvãnˈdɪn/ |
| Pashto | اندازه | /andɑːˈzə/ |
---
# 🌐 **Sino-Tibetan**
## **Sinitic (Chinese)**
| Language | Word | IPA |
| Mandarin | 测量 | /tsʰɤ̂.li̯ɑ̌ŋ/ |
| Cantonese | 測量 | /tsʰɔːk̚² lœːŋ²¹/ |
## **Tibetic**
| Language | Word | IPA |
| Tibetan | མཚན་ཐིག (measurement/scale) | /tsʰẽ́ tʰí/ |
---
# 🗾 **Japonic**
| Language | Word | IPA |
| Japanese | 測定 (measurement) | /sok̚.teː/ |
---
# 🥢 **Koreanic**
| Language | Word | IPA |
| Korean | 측정 | /t͡ɕʰɯk̚.t͡ɕʌŋ/ |
---
# 🔤 **Uralic**
| Language | Word | IPA |
| Finnish | mittaus | /ˈmitːɑus/ |
| Hungarian | mérés | /ˈmeːreːʃ/ |
| Estonian | mõõtmine | /ˈmɤːtminen/ |
---
# 🏹 **Altaic / Turkic**
| Language | Word | IPA |
| Turkish | ölçüm | /œlˈt͡ʃym/ |
| Azerbaijani | ölçü | /œlˈt͡ʃy/ |
| Kazakh | өлшеу | /œlˈʃeʊ/ |
| Uzbek | o‘lchov | /ʊlt͡ʃɒv/ |
---
# 🐪 **Afro-Asiatic**
## **Semitic**
| Language | Word | IPA |
| Arabic | قياس | /qɪˈjaːs/ |
| Hebrew | מְדִידָה | /m(e)diˈda/ |
| Amharic | መለኪያ | /mäläˈkija/ |
---
# 🪶 **Niger-Congo**
| Language | Word | IPA |
| Swahili | kipimo | /kiˈpimo/ |
| Yoruba | wiwọn | /wìwɔ̃̀/ |
| Zulu | ukukala | /ùkùˈkàːla/ |
---
# 🌎 **Amerind (Selected)**
| Language | Word | IPA |
| Quechua | tupuy (to measure) | /ˈtupuj/ |
| Navajo | naaltsoos bee na’nitin (measure by document) | (varies; descriptive phrase) |
| Guaraní | jehechakuaa (assessment/measurement) | /ʝehekaˈkʷa.a/ |
---
# 🇬🇷 **Hellenic**
| Language | Word | IPA |
| Greek | μέτρηση | /ˈmetrisi/ |
---
If you want, I can also provide:
✅ **Etymology** of each word
✅ **Cognate maps** showing historical connections
✅ **Audio-style pronunciation guides**
✅ **A longer list with 100+ languages**
Would you like an *expanded* or *more specialized* version?"
[{2025-12-09 retrieved} https://chatgpt.com/c/6937dec3-f2d0-8333-9be6-0c11585daa6a]
======
"The word **“measure”** has a long, layered history that reflects both **counting** and **judging**.
### Origin
**Measure** comes from **Old French** *mesure* (noun) and *mesurer* (verb), which in turn come from **Latin**:
* **Latin:** *mēnsūra* = “a measuring, quantity, dimension”
* from *mētīrī* = “to measure, to mete out”
### Deeper Roots
The Latin verb *mētīrī* traces back to the **Proto-Indo-European (PIE)** root:
* ***meh₁-** = “to measure”
This PIE root is very productive and appears in many Indo-European languages.
### Related Words (Cognates)
From the same root, English also gets:
* **meter** (poetic rhythm; measuring device)
* **metre** (British spelling / poetic foot)
* **metric**
* **metronome**
* **geometry** (*geo* = earth + *metron* = measure)
Greek uses the same root in:
* **μέτρον (métron)** = “measure, rule, standard”
### Semantic Development
Originally, **measure** meant:
1. **Physical measurement** (length, quantity, capacity)
2. **Portion or amount**
3. **Rule or standard**
4. Later: **moderation or restraint**
→ *“a man of measure”* = someone balanced, not excessive
This explains modern figurative uses:
* *“in some measure”*
* *“beyond measure”*
* *“to take measures”*
### Summary
* **PIE:** *meh₁- → “to measure”
* **Latin:** *mētīrī* → *mēnsūra*
* **Old French:** *mesure*
* **English:** *measure*
If you want, I can also compare it with Greek **μέτρον**, or trace how **measure** shifted from math to moral philosophy."
[{2025-12-15 retrieved} https://chatgpt.com/c/693fcea4-6690-832f-8f7f-a0d5ea127cf8]

generic-tree-of-measuring::
* evaluating,

argument of actMeasuring

description::
* 1) generic-entity: time,
* 2) specific-entity: some-time,
* 3) unit-of-measurement: hour,
* 4) abstract-measure: 5,
* 5) measure: 5 hours,
* 6) measurer,

name::
* McsEngl.argoMeasuring,
* McsEngl.actMeasuring'argument!⇒argoMeasuring,

01) generic-entity of actMeasuring

name::
* McsEngl.actMeasuring'01_generic-entity,

02) specific-entity of actMeasuring

name::
* McsEngl.actMeasuring'02_specific-entity,

03) unit-of-measurement of actMeasuring

description::
· unit-of-measurement of amount is a-specific\a\ of the-amount's generic-entity, known to all, which\a\ we COMPARE with the-amount to find its relationship.
· generic-entity: time.
· specific-entity: some-time.
· measure-of-entity: 5 sec of time.
· UOM: sec.
· abstract-measure: 5.

name::
* McsEngl.UOM!=unit-of-measurement,
* McsEngl.actMeasuring'03_unit-of-measurement!⇒UOM,
* McsEngl.measure'unit-of-measurement!⇒UOM,
* McsEngl.quantity.unit!⇒UOM,
* McsEngl.specific.unit!⇒UOM,
* McsEngl.unit-of-generic!⇒UOM,
* McsEngl.unit-of-measure!⇒UOM,
* McsEngl.unit-of-measurement!⇒UOM,
* McsEngl.unit.specific!⇒UOM,
* McsEngl.unitSpecific!⇒UOM,
* "measure": "they set the measure for all subsequent work"
====== lagoSinagu:
* McsSngu.gou!=UOM, from geu=quantity, {2025-12-03}
* kio!=UOM, from kao=measure, kuo=quantity,
====== lagoGreek:
* McsElln.μονάδα-μέτρησης!η!=UOM,

UOM.SPECIFIC

description::
"The Wolfram Language knows about all the 10,000 or so common kinds of units."
[{2021-02-14} https://www.wolfram.com/language/elementary-introduction/2nd-ed/17-units.html]

name::
* McsEngl.UOM.specific,

system-of-measurement of actMeasuring

description::
"A system of measurement is a collection of units of measurement and rules relating them to each other.
Systems of measurement have historically been important, regulated and defined for the purposes of science and commerce.
Systems of measurement in use include the International System of Units (SI), the modern form of the metric system, the imperial system, and United States customary units."
[{2019-10-18} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_of_measurement]

name::
* McsEngl.actMeasuring'system-of-measurement!⇒Som,
* McsEngl.measure'system-of-measurement!⇒Som,
* McsEngl.Som,
* McsEngl.system-of-measurement!⇒Som,
* McsEngl.system-of-units!⇒Som,

Som.international-system-of-units-SI

name::
* McsEngl.Som.international-system-of-units-SI!⇒SomSi,
* McsEngl.SomSi,
* McsEngl.SI-international-system-of-units!⇒SomSi,
* McsEngl.international-system-of-units-SI!⇒SomSi,

description::
"The International System of Units (SI, abbreviated from the French Système international (d'unités)) is the modern form of the metric system and is the most widely used system of measurement. It comprises a coherent system of units of measurement built on seven base units, which are the second, metre, kilogram, ampere, kelvin, mole, candela, and a set of twenty prefixes to the unit names and unit symbols that may be used when specifying multiples and fractions of the units. The system also gives names to 22 derived units, such as lumen and watt, for other common physical quantities.
The SI is based on a system of base quantities – time, length, mass, electric current, thermodynamic temperature, amount of substance, and luminous intensity – and their relationships, now a subset of the International System of Quantities. The SI base units have been defined in terms of invariant constants of nature, such as the speed of light in vacuum and the charge of the electron, which can be observed and measured with great accuracy. Seven constants are used in various combinations to define the seven base units. Prior to 2019, artefacts were used instead of some of these constants, the last being the International Prototype of the Kilogram, a cylinder of platinum-iridium. Concern regarding its stability led to a revision of the definition of the base units entirely in terms of constants of nature, which was put into effect on 20 May 2019.[1]
Derived units may be defined in terms of base units or other derived units. They are adopted to facilitate measurement of diverse quantities. The SI is intended to be an evolving system; units and prefixes are created and unit definitions are modified through international agreement as the technology of measurement progresses and the precision of measurements improves. The most recently named derived unit, the katal, was defined in 1999.
The reliability of the SI depends not only on the precise measurement of standards for the base units in terms of various physical constants of nature, but also on precise definition of those constants. The set of underlying constants is modified as more stable constants are found, or may be more precisely measured. For example, in 1983 the metre was redefined as the distance that light propagates in vacuum in a given fraction of a second, thus making the value of the speed of light in terms of the defined units exact.
The motivation for the development of the SI was the diversity of units that had sprung up within the centimetre–gram–second (CGS) systems (specifically the inconsistency between the systems of electrostatic units and electromagnetic units) and the lack of coordination between the various disciplines that used them. The General Conference on Weights and Measures (French: Conférence générale des poids et mesures – CGPM), which was established by the Metre Convention of 1875, brought together many international organisations to establish the definitions and standards of a new system and to standardise the rules for writing and presenting measurements. The system was published in 1960 as a result of an initiative that began in 1948. It is based on the metre–kilogram–second system of units (MKS) rather than any variant of the CGS."
[{2020-04-05} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Units]

base-UOM of SomSi

name::
* McsEngl.SomSi'base-UOM,

description::
"seven base units, which are the second, metre, kilogram, ampere, kelvin, mole, candela,"
[{2020-04-05} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Units]

addressWpg::
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_redefinition_of_the_SI_base_units,

04) abstract-measure (link) of actMeasuring

05) measure of actMeasuring

description::
× Mcsh-creation: {2025-12-05},

· measure of generic-entity\a\ is a-specific of it\a\ on which we have-done measuring.
· generic-entity: time.
· specific-entity: some time.
· measure-of-entity: 5 sec of time.
· UOM: sec.
· abstract-measure: 5.

=== dàxiǎo-大小:big-small!=measure:
· _stxZhon: 这 件 衣服 的 大小 正好 。 :: Zhè jiàn yīfu de dàxiǎo zhènghǎo. != The size of these clothes is just right.

name::
* McsEngl.actMeasuring'05_measure,
* McsEngl.measuring'measure,
* McsEngl.generic.measured!⇒measure,
* McsEngl.measure,
* McsEngl.measure-of-entity!⇒measure,
* McsEngl.measured-generic!⇒measure,
* McsEngl.measured-quantity!⇒measure,
* McsEngl.quantity-measured!⇒measure,
* McsEngl.size!⇒measure,
* in literature BOTH 'amount' and 'abstract-quantity' are-called 'quantity',
====== lagoSinagu:
* McsSngu.kao!=measure,
====== lagoChinese:
* McsEngl.dàxiǎo-大小!=measure:big-small,
* McsZhon.dàxiǎo-大小!=measure:big-small,
* McsZhon.大小-dàxiǎo!=measure:big-small,
====== lagoGreek:
* McsElln.αποτέλεσμα-μέτρησης!=measure,
* McsElln.μετρημένο-μέγεθος!=measure,
* McsElln.μέτρηση-αποτέλεσμα!=measure, 'πόσο ήταν η-μέτρηση;'
* McsElln.μέτρο!=measure,

06) measurer of actMeasuring

description::
· measurer is the-entity that does the-measuring.

name::
* McsEngl.actMeasuring'06_measurer,
* McsEngl.measuring'measurer,
* McsEngl.measure'measurer,
* McsEngl.measurer,

relation of actMeasuring

description::
· quantity-relation is a-relation among the-entities:
· generic-entity: time.
· measure-of-entity: 5 sec of time.
· UOM: sec.
· abstract-measure: 5.
· measurer: the-entity that does the-measuring.
· measuring: the-measure-doing.

· _stxEngl: [Hotel capacity] _stxVrb:{expanded} _stxQuantity:[(by) 20%] _stxTime:[(between) 1985 (and) 1987].

· the-relation among the-arguments of measuring.

name::
* McsEngl.actMeasuring'relation!⇒rlnMeasuring,
* McsEngl.relation.measuring!⇒rlnMeasuring,
* McsEngl.rlnMeasuring,
* McsEngl.measure'quantity-relation!⇒rlnMeasuring,
* McsEngl.quantity-relation!⇒rlnMeasuring,
* McsEngl.relation.quantity!⇒rlnMeasuring,
* McsEngl.rlnQuantity!⇒rlnMeasuring,
* McsEngl.stxQuantity,
* McsEngl.syntax.quantity,

ratio of actMeasuring

description::
· ratio of a-measure-of-entity is its relation to another measure-of-entity2.
===
· ratio is the-relation of 2 measures.
· for example, the-ratio OF oranges TO strawberries in a-basket is 5 to 10, 5:10.
[hmnSngo.2017-12-15]

name::
* McsEngl.measure'ratio!⇒ratio,
* McsEngl.ratio,

generalizing of generic

description::
× Mcsh-creation: {2025-12-08},
· doing of creating a-generic.

name::
* McsEngl.generalization,
* McsEngl.generalizing,
====== lagoSinagu:
* McsSngo.kiu!~arguSngu!=generalizing,
* McsSngo.ki!=generalizing,
====== lagoGreek:
* McsElln.γενικεύω!~verbElln!=generalizing,
* McsElln.γενίκευση!η!~nounElln!=generalizing,

specializing of generic

description::
× Mcsh-creation: {2025-12-08},
· doing of creating a-specific,

name::
* McsEngl.specialization,
* McsEngl.specializing,
====== lagoSinagu:
* McsSngo.giu!~arguSngu!=specializing,
* McsSngo.gi!=specializing,

EVOLUTING of generic

name::
* McsEngl.evoluting-of-generic,
* McsEngl.generic'evoluting,

{2019-09-12}::
=== McsHitp-creation:
· creation of current concept.

GENERIC-SPECIFIC-TREE of generic

name::
* McsEngl.generic'generic-specific-tree,

GENERIC-TREE of generic

generic-of-generic::
* entity,

attribute-tree-of-generic::
* ,

att-tree-inherited-from::
· :
* ,

att-tree-own-of-generic::
* ,

SPECIFIC-COMPLEMENT of generic

description::
· on entity:
* individual-entity,

name::
* McsEngl.generic'specific-complement,

SPECIFIC-TREE of generic

name::
* McsEngl.generic'specific-tree,

description::
* continuous,
* continuousNo,
* measured,
* measuredNo,

generic.spec-div.measuring

description::
· on measuring:
* measured-generic,
* measuredNo-generic,

name::
* McsEngl.generic.spec-div.measuring,

generic.measured

description::
× Mcsh-creation: {2025-12-04},
· quantity is-called a-generic|specific entity, from a-measuring viewpoint.
· a-generic we measured (defined uom and done measurings).

name::
* McsEngl.generic.measured,
* McsEngl.quantity,
====== lagoGreek:
* McsElln.ποσότητα!η!=quantity,
======
"Here is **how the concept and word “quantity” is expressed in many world languages**, grouped by major language families. If you want, I can also provide pronunciations in IPA, example sentences, or expand the list.
---
## 🌍 Meaning of *quantity*
Nearly all languages express *quantity* as “amount,” “measure,” or “how much / how many.” Some distinguish between *countable* and *uncountable* quantities.
---
## **Indo-European Languages**
### **Germanic**
* **English:** quantity
* **German:** *Menge*, *Quantität*
* **Dutch:** *hoeveelheid*
* **Swedish:** *mängd*
* **Danish:** *mængde*
* **Norwegian:** *mengde*
* **Icelandic:** *magn*
### **Romance**
* **French:** *quantité*
* **Spanish:** *cantidad*
* **Portuguese:** *quantidade*
* **Italian:** *quantità*
* **Romanian:** *cantitate*
### **Slavic**
* **Russian:** *количество* (kolíčestvo)
* **Polish:** *ilość*
* **Czech:** *množství*
* **Slovak:** *množstvo*
* **Croatian/Serbian/Bosnian:** *količina*
* **Bulgarian:** *количество* (kolíčestvo)
### **Indo-Aryan**
* **Hindi:** मात्रा (*mātrā*)
* **Bengali:** পরিমাণ (*porimān*)
* **Marathi:** प्रमाण (*pramāṇ*)
* **Gujarati:** માત્રા (*mātrā*)
* **Punjabi:** ਮਾਤਰਾ (*mātrā*)
### **Iranian**
* **Persian (Farsi):** مقدار (*meghdār*)
* **Kurdish (Kurmanji):** hejmar / barî
---
## **Sino-Tibetan Languages**
* **Mandarin Chinese:** 数量 (shùliàng)
* **Cantonese:** 數量 (sou3 loeng6)
* **Tibetan:** ཚད (*tshad* = measure), མང་ཉུང (*mang-nyung* = quantity/amount)
---
## **Altaic / Turkic Languages**
* **Turkish:** miktar, nicelik
* **Azerbaijani:** miqdar
* **Kazakh:** мөлшер (*mölşer*)
* **Uzbek:** miqdor
---
## **Uralic Languages**
* **Finnish:** määrä
* **Estonian:** kogus
* **Hungarian:** mennyiség
---
## **Semitic Languages**
* **Arabic:** كمية (*kamiyya*)
* **Hebrew:** כמות (*kamut*)
* **Amharic:** መጠን (*mäṭän*)
---
## **East Asian (Non-Sino-Tibetan)**
### **Japanese**
* **Japanese:** 量 (*ryō*)
### **Korean**
* **Korean:** 양 (*yang*)
---
## **Austronesian Languages**
* **Malay/Indonesian:** jumlah, kuantiti
* **Tagalog:** dami / bilang (count)
* **Javanese:** cacah / jumlah
---
## **African Languages**
* **Swahili:** kiasi
* **Yoruba:** iye
* **Igbo:** ọnụ ọgụgụ (*onu ogugu*)
* **Zulu:** inani
---
## **Native American Languages (selected)**
* **Quechua:** llapa (amount, all) / ch'usaq (measure)
* **Navajo:** áłtsé / tʼáá íiyisí beeʼáádíílwoʼ (concept of amount/measurement)
---
## **Oceanic / Aboriginal**
* **Maori:** rahinga
* **Hawaiian:** nui (large quantity), ʻāpana (portion)
---
If you want, I can also create:
📌 A **table of 100 languages**,
📌 The **etymology** of the word *quantity*,
📌 **Translations grouped by script** (Latin, Cyrillic, Chinese characters, Arabic, etc.), or
📌 A **visual map** showing linguistic distribution.
Would you like a larger list or IPA pronunciations?"
[{2025-12-09 retrieved} https://chatgpt.com/c/6937d9a1-2e48-8326-af9a-62109eeb2aa7]

generic.measuredNo

description::
· measuredNo-generic is a-specific of a-generic on which we have-NOT-done measuring.

name::
* McsEngl.amount,
* McsEngl.generic.measuredNo!⇒amount,
* McsEngl.measuredNo-generic!⇒amount,
* McsEngl.measuredNo-quantity!⇒amount,
* McsEngl.unmeasured-generic!⇒amount,
* McsEngl.unmeasured-quantity!⇒amount,
====== lagoGreek:
* McsElln.ποσό!=amount,
* McsElln.ποσό-μεγέθους!=amount,
* McsElln.ποσότητα-μεγέθους!=amount,

generic.continuous

description::
· continuous-generic is a-generic we need a-unit-of-measurement to measure it eg time, area, weight, ...
===
"Here’s a clear **comparison between continuous and discrete quantities**, side by side:
| Aspect | **Continuous Quantities** | **Discrete Quantities** |
| **Definition** | Can take **any value within a range** | Can take **only specific, separate values** |
| **Possible values** | Infinite (real numbers) | Finite or countably infinite (integers) |
| **Between two values** | Infinitely many values exist | No intermediate values exist |
| **Measurement** | Measured | Counted |
| **Precision** | Depends on measurement accuracy | Exact by nature |
| **Graph representation** | Continuous line | Individual points |
| **Change** | Changes smoothly | Changes in steps |
| **Typical units** | meters, seconds, kg, °C | items, people, goals, errors |
| **Mathematical model** | Real numbers (ℝ) | Integers (ℤ), natural numbers (ℕ) |
---
### Examples
**Continuous quantities**
* Length (2.35 m)
* Time (4.728 s)
* Temperature (36.6 °C)
* Speed (88.4 km/h)
* Voltage
**Discrete quantities**
* Number of students (25)
* Number of cars
* Dice outcomes (1–6)
* Number of errors in a program
* Packets sent in a network
---
### Key Intuition
* **If you can meaningfully ask “how many?” → discrete**
* **If you can meaningfully ask “how much?” → continuous**
---
### In Different Fields
* **Physics**: position (continuous) vs particles (discrete)
* **Mathematics**: real-valued functions vs integer sequences
* **Computer Science**: memory addresses (discrete) vs time complexity models (continuous)
* **Statistics**: continuous distributions (Normal) vs discrete distributions (Binomial)
If you want, I can also:
* Explain this with **graphs**
* Show **real-life edge cases** (e.g., time measured digitally)
* Connect it to **probability distributions** or **machine learning features**"
[{2025-12-25 retrieved} http://localhost/dWstSgm/dirMcs/dirCor/McsCor000009.last.html#idGnrcCntIvl]

name::
* McsEngl.continuous-generic,
* McsEngl.countableNo-entity,
* McsEngl.discreteNo-entity,
* McsEngl.generic.continuous,
* McsEngl.mass-entity,
* McsEngl.non-countable-entity,
* McsEngl.uncountable-entity,
====== lagoSinagu:
* McsSngu.ko-enoto!=discreteNo-entity,
====== lagoGreek:
* McsElln.μέγεθος.συνεχές!=discreteNo-entity,
* McsElln.μη-διακριτό-μέγεθος!=discreteNo-entity,
* McsElln.συνεχές-μέγεθος!=discreteNo-entity,

continuous-generic.SPECIFIC

description::
· interval--continuous-generic,
· intervalNo--continuous-generic,

name::
* McsEngl.continuous-generic.specific,

continuous-generic.interval

description::
· interval-generic is a-continous-generic\a\ we CONSIDER in relation to points of it\a\.
· example: time-interval, distance-interval, ...

name::
* McsEngl.continuous-generic.interval,
* McsEngl.interval-generic,
====== lagoSinagu:
* McsSngu.ko-dotoUoGo!=generic.continuous.interval,

continuous-generic.intervalNo (point)

description::
· point-generic is a-continous-generic we CONSIDER without structure.
· example: time-point, distance-point, ...

name::
* McsEngl.continuous-generic.intervalNo,
* McsEngl.continuous-generic.point,
* McsEngl.continuous-quantity,
* McsEngl.continuous-variable,
* McsEngl.point-generic,
====== lagoSinagu:
* McsSngu.ko-doto!=generic.continuous.point,


====== lagoGreek:
* McsElln.μη-διακριτό-μέγεθος,
* McsElln.συνεχές-μέγεθος,

generic.continuousNo

description::
· discrete-generic is a-generic whose specifics are-separated and we do-NOT-need a-different unit-of-measurement to measure it eg car, human, apple, ...

name::
* McsEngl.continuousNo-generic,
* McsEngl.count-entity,
* McsEngl.countable-entity,
* McsEngl.discrete-generic,
* McsEngl.generic.continuousNo,
====== lagoSinagu:
* McsSngu.ko-enotoUoGo!=generic.discrete,
====== lagoGreek:
* McsElln.διακριτό-μέγεθος,
* McsElln.μέγεθος.διακριτό,

generic.finite

description::
· finite-generic is a-generic with boundaries.
===
"(adj) finite (bounded or limited in magnitude or spatial or temporal extent)"
[http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=finite]

name::
* McsEngl.finite-generic,
* McsEngl.generic.finite,
====== lagoSinagu:
* McsSngu.ko-limito,
====== lagoGreek:
* McsElln.πεπερασμένο-μέγεθος-το,

generic.finiteNo

description::
· finite-generic is a-generic with boundaries.

name::
* McsEngl.generic.finiteNo,
* McsEngl.infinite-generic,
====== lagoSinagu:
* McsSngu.ko-limitoUoGo,
====== lagoGreek:
* McsElln.άπειρο-το,

generic.vector

description::
"In mathematics, physics, and engineering, a Euclidean vector (sometimes called a geometric[1] or spatial vector,[2] or—as here—simply a vector) is a geometric object that has magnitude (or length) and direction. Vectors can be added to other vectors according to vector algebra. A Euclidean vector is frequently represented by a line segment with a definite direction, or graphically as an arrow, connecting an initial point A with a terminal point B,[3] and denoted by ⭢AB."

name::
* McsEngl.genericVector,
* McsEngl.generic.vector!⇒genericVector,
* McsEngl.vector-generic!⇒genericVector,
* McsEngl.vector-quantity!⇒genericVector,
====== lagoGreek:
* McsElln.ανυσματικό-μέγεθος!=genericVector,
* McsElln.διανυσματικό-μέγεθος!=genericVector,

generic.vectorNo

description::
"A scalar or scalar quantity in physics is a physical quantity that can be described by a single element of a number field such as a real number, often accompanied by units of measurement. A scalar is usually said to be a physical quantity that only has magnitude and no other characteristics. This is in contrast to vectors, tensors, etc. which are described by several numbers that characterize their magnitude, direction, and so on.
The concept of a scalar in physics is essentially the same as in mathematics. Formally, a scalar is unchanged by coordinate system transformations. In classical theories, like Newtonian mechanics, this means that rotations or reflections preserve scalars, while in relativistic theories, Lorentz transformations or space-time translations preserve scalars."
[{2019-10-26} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_(physics)]

name::
* McsEngl.genericVectorNo,
* McsEngl.generic.vectorNo!⇒genericVectorNo,
* McsEngl.scalar-generic!⇒genericVectorNo,
* McsEngl.scalar-quantity!⇒genericVectorNo,
* McsEngl.vectorNo-quantity!⇒genericVectorNo,
====== lagoGreek:
* McsElln.μονόμετρο-μέγεθος!=genericVectorNo,

generic.timepoint

description::
· timepoint-generic is a-generic measured in timepoints.

name::
* McsEngl.generic.timeintervalNo,
* McsEngl.generic.timepoint,
* McsEngl.stock-quantity,
* McsEngl.timepoint-generic,
====== lagoSinagu:
* McsSngu.ko-to-doto!=generic.timepoint,

generic.timeinterval

description::
· timeinterval-generic is a-generic measured in timeintervals.

name::
* McsEngl.flow-quantity,
* McsEngl.generic.timeinterval,
* McsEngl.generic.timepointNo,
* McsEngl.timeinterval-generic,
====== lagoSinagu:
* McsSngu.ko-to-dotoUoGo!=generic.timepoint,

generic.family

description::
· family-generic is a-generic with specifics related with evolution-relations.

name::
* McsEngl.family-generic,
* McsEngl.generic.family,

meta-info

this webpage was-visited times since {2019-09-12}

page-wholepath: synagonism.net / worldviewSngo / dirCor / generic

SEARCH::
· this page uses 'locator-names', names that when you find them, you find the-LOCATION of the-concept they denote.
GLOBAL-SEARCH:
· clicking on the-green-BAR of a-page you have access to the-global--locator-names of my-site.
· use the-prefix 'generic' for sensorial-concepts related to current concept 'generic-entity'.
LOCAL-SEARCH:
· TYPE CTRL+F "McsLag4.words-of-concept's-name", to go to the-LOCATION of the-concept.
· a-preview of the-description of a-global-name makes reading fast.

footer::
• author: Kaseluris.Nikos.1959
• email:
 
• edit on github: https://github.com/synagonism/McsWorld/blob/master/dirCor/McsCor000009.last.html,
• comments on Disqus,
• twitter: @synagonism,

webpage-versions::
• version.last.dynamic: McsCor000009.last.html,
• version.1-0-0-2021-04-06: (0-31) ../../dirMiwMcs/dirCor/filMcsGnrc.1-0-0-2021-04-06.last.html,
• version.0-1-0.2019-09-12 draft creation,

support (link)