hSbc:: Human-Language #h0#
specific:
Human-language is any
LANGUAGE the humans use.
#h0.1p1#
Humans created languages because they wanted to
communicate their brainual--sub-worldviews.
The languages, are common
mapping-methods
(= knowledge) and SKILLS of mapping|representing
brainual--sub-worldviews with sensorial-b--sub-worldviews.
But in order to do this mapping, languages must first DESCRIBE|MAP
the brainual--sub-worldviews in a form that can be mapped with sensorial-b--sub-worldviews.
- The UNITS of the DESCRIPTIONS a
human-language uses, are descriptions of a
process-or-relation
of a human-brainual--sub-worldview in time
(Every sentence has a verb). I call them
semasial-sentences. Whole-part--tree-structures
of semasial-sentences I call semasial--sub-worldviews.
- The semasial-sentences are mapped with sensorial-entities which I call
sentences and the
whole-part--tree-structures of sentences I call
logal--sub-worldviews.
#h0.1.1p1#
Human-language is COMMON-KNOWLEDGE,
stored in human brains, and a skill.
With this knowledge a human
- can "speak", create logal--sub-worldviews of subjective
brainual--sub-worldviews stored in his or other brains, AND
- can "understand", create the brainual--sub-worldviews that are denoted
with the logal--sub-worldviews his sensory-systems perceives.
#h0.1.1p2#
EnglishSynonym:
* human-communication-method.
#h0.2p1#
GreekSynonym:
* ανθρώπινη-γλώσσα.
#h0.2p2#
KomoSynonym:
* lango-ho.
#h0.2p3#
Encoding-method is the knowledge of mapping
- a brainual--sub-worldview
to
- a logal--sub-worldview.
#h0.3.1p1#
List:
* Encoding.
#h0.3.2p1#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.3.3p1#
Decoding-method is the knowledge of mapping
- a logal--sub-worldview
to
- a brainual--sub-worldview.
#h0.4.1p1#
List:
* Decoding.
#h0.4.2p1#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.4.3p1#
Roman Jakobson identified six functions of language, only one of
which is the traditional system of reference.
* referential: conveys information about some real phenomenon
* expressive: describes feelings of the speaker
* conative: attempts to elicit some behavior from the addressee
* phatic: builds a relationship between both parties in a conversation
* metalingual: self-references
* poetic: focuses on the text independent of reference
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pragmatics]
#h0.5.1p1#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.5.2p1#
"Paralanguage refers to the non-verbal elements of communication
used to modify meaning and convey emotion. Paralanguage may be
expressed consciously or unconsciously, and it includes the pitch,
volume, and, in some cases, intonation of speech. Sometimes the
definition is restricted to vocally-produced sounds. The study of
paralanguage is known as paralinguistics".
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralanguage] 2007.06.22
#h0.6.1p1#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.6.2p1#
hSbc:: HUMAN-SOCIETY:
Every human-language is part of one or more human-societies.
#h0.7p1#
hSbc:: LANGUAGE's-KNOWER:
Definition:
A human or a machine who knows the language is the
language-knower. The knower has his own
brainual-worldview
and understands the brainual-worldviews of others
(= can create the brainual--sub-worldviews of others when he senses the
logal--sub-worldviews of them).
Specific:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.7p2#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.9.1p1#
hSbc:: NATURAL-LANGUAGE:
Definition:
It is any language that has evolved naturally.
Synonym:
* Ordinary-language.
#h0.9.2p1#
hSbc:: CONSTRUCTED-LANGUAGE:
Definition:
It is any language created by one or many individuals and did
not evolve naturally.
Synonym:
* Artificial-language.
Specific:
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.9.2p2#
hSbc:: GESTURAL-LANGUAGE:
Definition:
"A sign language (also signed language) is a language which uses
manual communication, body language and lip patterns instead
of sound to convey meaning -- simultaneously combining hand shapes.
orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and
facial expressions to express fluidly a speaker's thoughts".
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_language]
Synonym:
* Sign-language.
#h0.9.3p1#
hSbc:: SPOKEN-LANGUAGE:
Definition:
It is a language that uses sound uttered through the mouth to
create its logo.
Synonym:
* Oral-language.
#h0.9.3p2#
hSbc:: TEXTUAL-LANGUAGE:
Definition:
It is a language that uses written-symbols to create its utterance.
#h0.9.3p3#
List:
* Domain
* Mid-domain
* Co-domain
* Evolution
* Grammar
* Implementation
* Translation
#h0.10p1#
Domain of a human-language is the
set of all
brainual-worldviews or
brainual--sub-worldviews that represents
with gestures or speech or text (logal--sub-worldviews).
The goal of a human-language is to communicate atomic or social
brainual--sub-worldviews.
#h0.11.1p1#
List:
* BRAINUAL-INFO.
* BRAINUAL--SUB-WORLDVIEW.
* BRAINUAL-WORLDVIEW.
* CONCEPTUAL-INFO.
* B-CONCEPT.
* B-CONCEPTUAL--SUB-WORLDVIEW.
* B-CONCEPTUAL--WORLDVIEW.
#h0.11.2p1#
List:
* Domain-of-Mapping-method.
* Set.
#h0.11.3p1#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.11.4p1#
List:
* Mid-domain.
* Co-domain.
#h0.11.5p1#
Mid-domain is the SET of all semasial--sub-worldviews a language uses in the process of brainual--sub-worldviews representation. #h0.12.1p1#
A language-knower in order to create a
logal--sub-worldview of a brainual--sub-worldview
first describes (maps) the brainual--sub-worldview in another
brainulo-structure, the
semasial--sub-worldview,
with the rules of the language.
#h0.12.2p1#
List:
* SEMASIAL-INFO.
* SEMASIAL-CONCEPT.
* SEMASIAL-VERB:
* SEMASIAL-NOUN:
* SEMASIAL-CONJUNCTION:
* SEMASIAL-SENTENCE.
* SEMASIAL-SENTENCE-STRUCTURE.
* SEMASIAL--SUB-WORLDVIEW.
#h0.12.3p1#
List:
* Set.
#h0.12.4p1#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.12.5p1#
List:
* Domain.
* Co-domain.
#h0.12.6p1#
Semasial-concept is a SPECIFIC--B-CONCEPT of a b-concept. a HUMAN-LANGUAGE uses to describe a brainual--sub-worldview, in order to communicate it. [2009.07.22] #h0.12.7.1p1#
A b-concept as integrated-sensations has many attributes. Humans in order to communicate them describe SOME of its attributes. For example a process-or-relation is described with its time attribute or not. Thus a language creates its own "concepts", the semasial-concepts which are specific--b-concepts of the original b-concept. #h0.12.7.2p1#
Also with b-concepts and semasial-concepts we create
DIFFERENT STRUCTURES.
With b-concepts we create misc structures,
the brainual--sub-worldviews.
In this case, the b-concepts are NOT units of these structures.
With semasial-concepts we create ONLY whole-part--tree-structures,
the semasial--sub-worldviews.
In this case, the semasial-concepts are the UNITS of these structures.
#h0.12.7.2p2#
hSbc:: HL's-SEMASIAL-CONCEPT'S-ATTRIBUTE (sml-cpt):
Definition:
Attribute-of-a-semasial-concept is any
attribute of a bConcept
denoted by a semasial-concept in a concrete-language.
Description:
A b-concept has many attributes. But a semasial-concept can not
have many attributes.
Every language denotes some of them and languages
differ in the attributes of a b-concept they denote.
Also some languages add attributes to semasial-concepts that
bConcepts don't have. The main example on this is the
"grammatical-gender". The same example also proves
that logal--sub-worldviews
denote semasial-concepts and NOT b-concepts.
Value:
A semasial-concept is a GENERIC-BCONCEPT (of my bSubworldview that
reflects my semasial--sub-worldview). In a semasial--sub-worldview, we use
INDIVIDUALS of them. Then, every individual-semasial-concept has
for each of its semasial-attributes a concrete value. This is
the "value of the semasial-attribute".
Specific:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.12.7.3p1#
hSbc:: HL's-SEMASIAL-CONCEPT'S-NAME (sml-cpt):
Definition:
the name of a semasial-concept is the
name of its b-concept
plus its semasial-attributes.
#h0.12.7.3p2#
List:
* Semasial-sentence.
#h0.12.7.4p1#
List:
* Unit.
* Semasial-node.
* Entity.
#h0.12.7.5p1#
List:
* Semasial-verb.
* Semasial-conjunction.
* Semasial-noun.
#h0.12.7.6p1#
hSbc:: HL's-INDIVIDUAL-SEMASIAL-CONCEPT (sml-cpt):
Definition:
A semasial-concept has a number of attributes.
Each attribute can take a number of values.
An individual-semasial-concept is a semasial-concept with concrete
values for all of its attributes.
The quantity of the individual-semasial-concepts is equal
to the number of its attributes multiplied with the numbers
of the values of its attributes.
The individual-logal-concepts
denote these individual-semasial-concepts. In human languages there is
no one-to-one mapping between the individual-semasial-concepts
and the individual-logal-concepts.
Specific:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.12.7.7p1#
hSbc:: HL's-GENERIC-SEMASIAL-CONCEPT (sml-cpt):
Definition:
A semasial-concept with its attributes, is a generic--b-concept. By giving
values to its attributes we create individual--b-concepts.
Specific:
* By combining specific-semasial-concepts we create a new entity.
the semasial-sentence.
The main semasial-concept of a semasial-sentence is the SEMASIAL-VERB which denotes
a relation|process--b-concept
in time.
The arguments of the process-or-relation are denoted with SEMASIAL-NOUNS
and the diferent relations among the process-or-relation and each
argument are denoted with SEMASIAL-CONJUNCTIONS.
Thus, every semasial--sub-worldview is created from 3 semasial-entities,
the UNITS: semasial-verb, semasial-noun, semasial-conjunction.
* semasial-verb.
* semasial-noun.
* semasial-conjunction.
#h0.12.7.7p2#
List:
* English-Semasial-concept.
* Greek-Semasial-concept.
* Esperanto-Semasial-concept.
* Komo-Semasial-concept.
#h0.12.7.8p1#
List:
* BConcept.
* Logal-concept.
#h0.12.7.9p1#
Semasial-verb is a semasial-concept that is a representation of a PROCESS-OR-RELATION in time (describes and the time it happens) AND also describes who has|does this process-or-relation. #h0.12.7.10.1p1#
List:
* Predicate.
#h0.12.7.10.2p1#
The full semasial-attributes of a semasial-verb.
depends on an individual-language. The english language
has these semasial-attributes with these values:
* MOOD: indicative (fact), imperative (command), subjunctive (else).
* TEMPO: past, present, future.
* INSTANTNESS: instant, interval.
* DIRECTION: active, passive.
* PERFECTIVENESS: imperfect (not completed process-or-relation), perfect (completed process-or-relation).
* INTERROGATION: noninterrogative, interrogative.
* AFFIRMATION: affirmative, negative.
* NUMBER: singular, plural.
* PERSON: first, second, third.
Every individual-semasial-verb has one value for EVERY
attribute, not just for some of them.
#h0.12.7.10.3p1#
List:
* Semasial-sentence.
Semasial-verb is the main semasial-concept of a semasial-sentence.
#h0.12.7.10.4p1#
List:
* Semasial-noun.
* Semasial-conjunction.
#h0.12.7.10.5p1#
hSbc:: HL's-PROCESS--SEMASIAL-VERB (sml-cpt):
Definition:
It is a semasial-verb that denotes a
process.
#h0.12.7.10.6p1#
hSbc:: HL's-RELATION--SEMASIAL-VERB (linking) (sml-cpt):
Definition:
It is a semasial-verb that denotes a
relation.
#h0.12.7.10.6p2#
hSbc:: HL's-ACTION--SEMASIAL-VERB (sml-cpt):
Definition:
It is a process-semasial-verb that denotes an
action.
#h0.12.7.10.6p3#
hSbc:: HL's-FUNCTION--SEMASIAL-VERB (sml-cpt):
Definition:
It is a process-semasial-verb that denotes a
function.
#h0.12.7.10.6p4#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.12.7.10.7p1#
List:
* Process-or-relation.
* Semasial-verb's-argument.
* Verb.
#h0.12.7.10.8p1#
Semasial-noun is a semasial-concept that denotes any ENTITY timelessly. PLUS some other semasial-attributes that depend on individual-language. #h0.12.7.11.1p1#
List:
* Semasial-verb.
* Semasial-conjunction.
#h0.12.7.11.2p1#
List:
* Semasial-ordinary-noun.
* Semasial-special-noun.
#h0.12.7.11.3p1#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.12.7.11.4p1#
List:
* Noun.
* BConcept,
#h0.12.7.11.5p1#
generic:
It is the semasial-main-noun and
the semasial-attributive-noun.
#h0.12.7.11.6.1p1#
Semasial-special-nouns have only some very used concepts. #h0.12.7.11.6.2p1#
List:
* Semasial-noun.
#h0.12.7.11.6.3p1#
hSbc:: HL's-SEMASIAL-NOUN_ORDINARY_MAIN (sml-cpt):
Definition:
It denotes any entity, timelessly.
Semasial-attribute:
Its semasial-attributes depend on language.
The GREEK semasial-noun has 3 main semasial-attributes (18 individuals):
* MISC: generic, individual, random.
* NUMBER: singular, plural.
* GENDER: masculin, feminine, neuter.
* SIZE (not main): small, regular, big.
The ENGLISH semasial-noun has 2 main semasial-attributes (6 individuals):
* MISC: generic, individual, random.
* NUMBER: singular, plural.
* COUNTABILITY (not main): countable, uncountable.
#h0.12.7.11.6.4p1#
hSbc:: HL's-SEMASIAL-NOUN_ORDINARY_ATTRIBUTIVE (sml-cpt):
Definition:
It denotes an entity, timelessly, as attribute of another.
English express its "comparativeness" (fast, faster, fastest).
Greek express and its gender and number.
#h0.12.7.11.6.4p2#
List:
* English.
* Greek,
* Esperanto,
* Komo.
#h0.12.7.11.6.5p1#
List:
* Ordinary-noun.
#h0.12.7.11.6.6p1#
Semasial-special-noun is a semasial-concept that denotes SPECIAL semasial-attributes (different from that of semasial-ordinary-nouns) of some concrete ENTITIES that depend on individual language. #h0.12.7.11.7.1p1#
Semasial-special-nouns have only some very used concepts. #h0.12.7.11.7.2p1#
List:
* Semasial-noun.
#h0.12.7.11.7.3p1#
List:
* PERSON-of-LANGUAGE.
* ENTITY.
* HUMAN.
* NON-HUMAN.
* QUANTITY.
* HIGHT.
* LENGTH.
* SIZE.
* PLACE.
* TIME.
* MANNER.
* CAUSE.
#h0.12.7.11.7.4p1#
List:
* English.
* Greek,
* Esperanto,
* Komo.
#h0.12.7.11.7.5p1#
List:
* Special-noun.
* Mapping
special-semasial-noun to special-noun.
#h0.12.7.11.7.6p1#
Semasial-conjunction is a semasial-concept that denotes timelessly a RELATION. #h0.12.7.12.1p1#
List:
* Semasial-concept.
#h0.12.7.12.2p1#
List:
* Semasial-verb. Semasial-noun.
#h0.12.7.12.3p1#
The semasial-conjunctions between a semasial-verb and its arguments are: #h0.12.7.12.4p1#
hSbc:: HL's-SUBJECT--SEMASIAL-CONJUNCTION (sml-cpt):
Definition:
A semasial-verb ALWAYS denotes a process-or-relation OF A
CONCEPT-X. The relation between the process-or-relation and this
concept-x is denoted with this semasial-conjunction.
#h0.12.7.12.4p2#
hSbc:: HL's-OBJECT--SEMASIAL-CONJUNCTION (sml-cpt):
Definition:
The subject of a process
most of the time, is corelated with another concept-x. The
semasial-conjunction that denotes the relation of the process
and the concept-x is this one.
#h0.12.7.12.4p3#
hSbc:: (sml-cpt):
Definition:
If the semasial-verb denotes a relation--b-concept and not a process,
the relation of semasial-verb and the other entity, not the
semasial-verb's-subject,
is denoted by this semasial-conjunction.
#h0.12.7.12.4p4#
hSbc:: HL's-MISC--SEMASIAL-CONJUNCTION (sml-cpt):
Definition:
A semasial-verb can have ANY semasial-conjunction with its
arguments and not only the above one. For example place, time, cause,
manner, ... semasial-conjunctions.
#h0.12.7.12.4p5#
hSbc:: HL's-SEMASIAL-SENTENCE--SEMASIAL-CONJUNCTION (sml-cpt):
Definition:
inside a semasial-sentence-structure.
#h0.12.7.12.5p1#
hSbc:: HL's-SEMASIAL-VERB--SEMASIAL-CONJUNCTION (sml-cpt):
Definition:
between a semasial-verb and a semasial-verb's-argument.
#h0.12.7.12.5p2#
hSbc:: HL's-SEMASIAL-NOUN--SEMASIAL-CONJUNCTION (sml-cpt):
Definition:
inside a semasial-noun-structure.
#h0.12.7.12.5p3#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.12.7.12.6p1#
List:
* Relation.
* Conjunction.
#h0.12.7.12.7p1#
Semasial-noun-structure is a semasial-node with a semasial-noun and another semasial-node and a semasial-conjunction between them. #h0.12.8.1p1#
A language create whole-part--tree-structures of semasial-nouns and these are corelated with semasial-verbs. SEMASIAL-NOUN--SEMASIAL-CONJUNCTION is a semasial-conjunction inside a semasial-noun-structure. #h0.12.8.2p1#
List:
* Semasial-node.
#h0.12.8.3p1#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.12.8.4p1#
Semasial-verb's-argument is any semasial-node corelated with a semasial-verb. #h0.12.9.1p1#
List:
* Semasial-verb's-argument.
#h0.12.9.2p1#
hSbc:: HL's-SEMASIAL-SUBJECT (sml-cpt):
Definition:
the semasial-verb is ALWAYS a description of a
process-or-relation, in time, OF AN ENTITY,
eg "George closed the door". In contrast, a semasial-noun of a
process-or-relation does not refers to an entity, eg "the action is a process".
The semasial-node of this entity of a semasial-verb I call
semasial-verb's-subject. Languages does NOT ALWAYS use a unique argument of a process-or-relation
as semasial-verb's-subject. They can pick up any argument as semasial-verb's-subject.
Synonym:
* SmSubject.
#h0.12.9.3p1#
hSbc:: HL's-SEMASIAL-OBJECT (sml-cpt):
Definition:
It is the main (subjectively) semasial-verb's-argument of
a semasial-verb that is corelated with the semasial-verb's-subject.
Synonym:
* SmObject.
#h0.12.9.3p2#
hSbc:: HL's-INDIRECT-SEMASIAL-OBJECT (sml-cpt):
Definition:
It is the semasial-verb's-argument that
describes the entity that RECEIVES the semasial-verb's-object.
#h0.12.9.3p3#
hSbc:: HL's-MISC-SEMASIAL-VERB'S-ARGUMENT (sml-cpt):
Definition:
any entity can be as argument, it depends on what concrete
relation is expressed.
Examples are: time, place, manner, cause, direction, ...
Some languages like japanese and chinese use the topic
semasial-verb. Like the verbloleto, the argument of the
process-or-relation that it is denoted
with the topic it is not a unique one.
#h0.12.9.3p4#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.12.9.4p1#
List:
* Verb's-argument.
#h0.12.9.5p1#
Semasial-sentence is any DESCRIPTION of a process-or-relation IN-TIME of an ENTITY of a human-brainual--sub-worldview. #h0.12.10.1p1#
Semasial-sentences are the UNITS of a semasial--sub-worldview.
because any semasial--sub-worldview is more complex structure of semasial-sentences.
A semasial--sub-worldview is
whole-part--tree-structures
of semasial-sentences and describes serially a
brainual--sub-worldview.
#h0.12.10.2p1#
List:
* First-semasial-unit, Proposition, statement.
#h0.12.10.3p1#
List:
* Semasial-verb.
* Semasial-conjunction.
* Semasial-verb's-argument.
#h0.12.10.4p1#
List:
* Semasial--sub-worldview.
#h0.12.10.5p1#
List:
* Semasial-Node.
#h0.12.10.6p1#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.12.10.7p1#
List:
* Process-or-relation.
Sentence,
#h0.12.10.8p1#
Semasial-sentence-structure is a semasial-node which is a tree-structure of semasial-sentences. #h0.12.11.1p1#
Whole-part--tree-structures of semasial-sentences are called semasial-sentence-structures. The semasial-conjunctions among the semasial-sentences I call SEMASIAL-SENTENCE--SEMASIAL-CONJUNCTIONS. #h0.12.11.2p1#
hSbc:: HL's-SEMASIAL-SUPERSENTENCE (sml-cpt):
Definition:
it contains corelated semasial-sentences and not a
SEQUENCE of related children as in a sm_paragraph.
#h0.12.11.3p1#
hSbc:: HL's-SEMASIAL-PARAGRAPH (sml-cpt):
Definition:
SmParagraph is a sequence of semasial-sentences or supersemasial-sentences.
Its text we separate with blank lines.
#h0.12.11.3p2#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.12.11.4p1#
Semasia is a whole-part--tree-structure of semasial-sentences, that describes serially human-brainual--sub-worldviews. #h0.12.12.1p1#
List:
* Semasia, descriptive-model, propositional-model.
#h0.12.12.2p1#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.12.12.4p1#
List:
* Human-subWorldview.
Logal--sub-worldview,
Sensorial-semasial--sub-worldview.
#h0.12.12.5p1#
Semasial-node is any node of a semasial--sub-worldview. #h0.12.13.1p1#
The semasial--sub-worldview is a tree-structure and every tree-structure has nodes and relations. #h0.12.13.2p1#
List:
* Semasial--sub-worldview.
Semasial-sentence, Semasial-concept,
Semasial-conjunction, Semasial-verb,
Semasial-noun, Semasial-verb's-argument,
Semasial-subject, Semasial-verb's-object, ...
#h0.12.13.3p1#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.12.13.4p1#
Semasial-info is any entity of a semasial--sub-worldview. #h0.12.14.1p1#
List:
* Meaning. Semasial.
#h0.12.14.2p1#
List:
* Brainulo.
#h0.12.14.3p1#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.12.14.4p1#
List:
* Brainual-info.
* Perceptual-info,
* BConceptual-info,
* Logal-info.
#h0.12.14.5p1#
Co-domain is the SET of all logal--sub-worldviews a language creates in the process of brainual--sub-worldviews representation. #h0.13.1p1#
List:
* LOGAL-UNIT
* LOGAL-UNIT-STRUCTURE
* WORD
* LOGAL-CONCEPT
* lg-concept's--name
* lg-concept's--term
* lg-concept's--auxiliary
⇒ INDIVIDUAL-LOGAL-CONCEPT
⇒ GENERIC-LOGAL-CONCEPT
⇒ VERB
⇒ NOUN
- ordinary-noun
- special-noun
⇒ CONJUNCTION
* NOUN-STRUCTURE
* SENTENCE
* SENTENCE'S CONSTITUENTS
* SENTENCE'S NOTATION
* SENTENCE-STRUCTURE
* LOGO (SUBWORLVIEW)
* LOGAL-INFO
* PART-OF-SPEECH
* LOGAL-STOP-NODE
* LOGAL-NONSTOP-NODE
* LOGO-SET
#h0.13.3p1#
List:
* Set.
#h0.13.4p1#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.13.5p1#
List:
* Domain.
* Mid-domain.
#h0.13.6p1#
Logal-unit is the INDIVISIBLE-ENTITIES a human-language uses in order to create the logal--sub-worldviews. #h0.13.7.1p1#
List:
* Logal-unit-structure.
#h0.13.7.2p1#
List:
* Unit.
#h0.13.7.3p1#
hSbc:: HL's-PRIMARY-LOGAL-UNIT (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
The INDIVISIBLE-ENTITIES a human-language uses in order to create
the representations (the logal-concepts)
for the semasial-units (the semasial-concepts).
Description:
Usually, the logal-units of the modern languages denote NOTHING.
Whole-part--tree-structures of logal-units give to languages
the means to create the entities (content-units) that denote the
semasial-concepts.
Languages use as logal-unit any entity (visual, oral, tactile)
that can be perceived by a human sensory-system.
#h0.13.7.4p1#
hSbc:: HL's-SECONDARY-LOGAL-UNIT (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
Any other unit except primary-logal-units, used to form logos.
Specific:
* hSbc:: SYMBOL:
they are special-sensorial-entities, different from
primary-logal-units, a language uses to name concepts for misc
reasons, usually as short-names.
* hSbc:: PUNCTUATION:
secondary-logal-units, such as ( ) , " [ ] etc., a language uses to
denote miscellaneous nodes.
#h0.13.7.4p2#
hSbc:: HL's-SPOKEN-LOGAL-UNIT (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
the logal-units of spoken(oral)-languages.
Specific:
* "In phonetics, a vowel is a sound in spoken language that is
characterized by an open configuration of the vocal tract so
that there is no build-up of air pressure above the glottis.
This contrasts with consonants, which are characterized by a
constriction or closure at one or more points along the
vocal tract". [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel]
#h0.13.7.5p1#
hSbc:: HL's-TEXTUAL-LOGAL-UNIT (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
the logal-units of written(Text)-languages.
#h0.13.7.5p2#
hSbc:: HL's-GESTURAL-LOGAL-UNIT (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
the logal-units of manual(Gesture)-languages.
#h0.13.7.5p3#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.13.7.6p1#
Logal-unit-structure is a whole-part--tree-structure of logal-units. #h0.13.8.1p1#
A language does not uses ALL possible logal-unit-structures. #h0.13.8.2p1#
hSbc:: HL's-CLUSTER (lgl-cpt):
Description:
They are combinations of primary-logal-units (mainly consonants
and in some languages and vowels) that are created with unique
rules in every language.
#h0.13.8.3p1#
hSbc:: HL's-SYLLABLE (lgl-cpt):
Description:
Every language, uses its own whole-part--tree-structure RULES
to create logal-unit-structures. The PARENT nodes of
clusters, are called syllables, and
comprised of the:
* First-Clusters (Onset): obligatory in some
languages, optional or even restricted in others)
* Middle-Clusters (Nucleus or Peak):
obligatory in all languages.
* Last-Clusters (Coda): optional in some languages,
highly restricted or prohibited in others.
Specific:
* First-Syllable: in the first part of a logal-unit-structure.
* Middle-Syllable: in the middle of a logal-unit-structure.
* Last-Syllable: in the last part of a logal-unit-structure.
#h0.13.8.3p2#
hSbc:: HL's-SYLLABLE-STRUCTURE (lgl-cpt):
Description:
a construction made up of syllables.
Specific:
* Used-syllable-structure,
* Unsed-syllable-structure.
* Captive-syllable-structure,
* Free-syllable-structure.
#h0.13.8.3p3#
hSbc:: HL's-USED-LOGAL-UNIT-STRUCTURE (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
It is any logal-unit-structure
a language USES in its logal--sub-worldviews.
#h0.13.8.4p1#
hSbc:: HL's-UNUSED-LOGAL-UNIT-STRUCTURE (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
It is any logal-unit-structure
a language DOES NOT USES in its Logos (subWorldviews).
A language can create a huge amount of logal-unit-structures.
Only a fraction of them uses.
#h0.13.8.4p2#
hSbc:: HL's-FREE-LOGAL-UNIT-STRUCTURE (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
It is any logal-unit-structure a language uses it ALONE.
#h0.13.8.5p1#
hSbc:: HL's-CAPTIVE-LOGAL-UNIT-STRUCTURE (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
It is any logal-unit-structure a language uses it in COMBINATIONS
with others.
#h0.13.8.5p2#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.13.8.6p1#
It is a CAPTIVE and USED syllable-structure
the komo-language uses to create a new word that preserves its
stress in the created word.
Example: homo-alto. "alto" is a semiword. The parts preserve
their stresses.
#h0.13.9.1p1#
List:
* Used-syllable-structure.
#h0.13.9.2p1#
List:
* Word.
#h0.13.9.3p1#
Word is a FREE and USED syllable-structure. #h0.13.10.1p1#
A word is a syllable-structure a language uses anywhere free (not in combination with other syllable-structures). The language uses it as an lg-concept's--auxiliary or lg-concept's--name or lg-concept's--term somewhere. Actually word is a generic--b-concept that reflects all the word-individuals that we use in a logal--sub-worldview. #h0.13.10.2p1#
hSbc:: HL's-Affix (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
Affix is the PART-OF-A-WORD a language add to an unchanging part
of it (the stem) to create variations of this word.
Specific:
* hSbc:: HL's-PREFIX (lgl-cpt):
an affix that added in front of a stem.
* hSbc:: HL's-INFIX (lgl-cpt):
an affix that is inserted in a stem.
* hSbc:: HL's-SUFFIX (lgl-cpt):
an affix added at the end of a stem.
#h0.13.10.3p1#
hSbc:: HL's-STEM (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
"In linguistics, a stem (sometimes also theme) is the part of a
word that is common to all its inflected variants".
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_(linguistics)] 2008.09.19
#h0.13.10.3p2#
List:
* Semiword.
#h0.13.10.4p1#
hSbc:: HL's-CONTENT-WORD (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
denotes a b-concept (terms-of-logal-concepts = lg-concept's--names
and lg-concept's--terms).
Synonym:
* Content-word.
#h0.13.10.5p1#
hSbc:: HL's-NONCONTENT-WORD (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
it does not denote a b-concept.
Synonym:
* Non-content-word.
Specific:
* lg-concept-auxiliaries.
* interjections.
* phatic-words.
#h0.13.10.5p2#
hSbc:: HL's-ROOT-WORD (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
It is a word created combining syllables for the first time.
#h0.13.10.6p1#
hSbc:: HL's-DERIVED-WORD (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
It is a word created by changing older word|words.
#h0.13.10.6p2#
hSbc:: HL's-LG-CONCEPT-AUXILIARY (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
It is any other word a language uses except its
lg-concept's--terms, to create its
individual-logal-concepts.
Description:
Many lg-concept-auxiliaries are non-content-words. But they can be
and content-words (terms-of-logal-concepts).
Example in English:
"the(lg-concept's--auxiliary) car(term-of-logal-concept)".
"I have(lg-concept's--auxiliary) been(lg-concept's--auxiliary)
writing(term-of-logal-concept)".
Specific:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.13.10.7p1#
hSbc:: HL's-LG-CONCEPT-NAME-WORD (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
Logal-concepts are generic-concepts. Sometimes
we refer to them with ONE word. I call it lg-concept's--name-word. Other
times we refer to them with lg-concept's--name-word--structures. Languages
usally name differently the same logal-concepts with lg-concept's--name-words or
lg-concept's--name-word--structures (periphrastic-name).
#h0.13.10.7p2#
hSbc:: HL's-LG-CONCEPT-TERM-WORD (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
It is a word which is created from a lg-concept's--name-word a language uses
to create individual-logal-concepts.
#h0.13.10.7p3#
hSbc:: HL's-INTERJECTION (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
Interjection is a noncontent-(word or word-structure).
a language uses to denote emotions of the speaker.
#h0.13.10.7p4#
hSbc:: HL's-PHATIC-WORD (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
Phatic-word is a noncontent-word a language uses, in conversations,
when we don't convey information but we say something
just to have communication.
#h0.13.10.7p5#
hSbc:: HL's-COMPOUND-WORD (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
It is a word created by joining other words.
#h0.13.10.7p6#
hSbc:: HL's-HYPHENATED-WORD (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
It is a compound-word that uses hyphens to join the part words.
Languages does not have consistent rules for that.
#h0.13.10.7p7#
hSbc:: HL's-MULTISTRESS-WORD (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
It is a compound-word that preserves the stresses of its part-words
(semiwords). Komo uses them.
#h0.13.10.7p8#
List:
* Part-Of-Speech.
#h0.13.10.8p1#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.13.10.9p1#
Logal-concept is a logal-info that denotes a semasial-concept. #h0.13.11.1p1#
A language uses words or word-structures to denote (= map)
semasial-concepts. I call them LOGAL-CONCEPTS.
A logal-concept is a generic-concept
of my information-theory. In our logal--sub-worldviews we use
individual logal-concepts that denote
individual-semasial-concepts with concrete
values in their semasial-attributes.
We refer to a logal-concept with its
lg-concept's--name.
A logal-concept is not a word.
It consists usually of many words.
#h0.13.11.2p1#
List:
* Kognero. Koncero, Konceptero.
#h0.13.11.3p1#
hSbc:: HL's-TERM-of-LOGAL-CONCEPT (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
It is the MAIN word or a word-structure a
language uses to denote an
individual-semasial-concept.
Description:
A language in order to create its individual-logal-concepts,
uses diferentiations of a word-structure plus or not some other
words.
"Name-of-lg-concept" I call the original word-structure,
"term--of--lg-concept" I call the original word-structure and any
differentiation of it, and
"auxiliary-of-lg-concept" any other word
the language uses to create the individual-logal-concepts.
Specific:
* hSbc:: HL's-MONOWORD-LG-CONCEPT-TERM (lgl-cpt):
It is comprised of one word.
* hSbc:: HL's-MULTIWORD-LG-CONCEPT-TERM (lgl-cpt):
It is a structure a language uses to name a logal-concept with more than one
already used words. A language uses the same rules with which creates
logal-concept-structures to create multiword-lg-concept's--names. The diference of
a logal-concept-structure and a multiword-lg-concept's--name exists only in the
registered-concepts of a subWorldview, otherwise they are identical.
Synonym: Multiword-lg-concept's--name, Periphrastic-lg-concept's--name.
#h0.13.11.4p1#
hSbc:: HL's-NAME-OF-LG-CONCEPT (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
It is the term--of--lg-concept a language uses to name the
generic-logal-concept
Description:
from the name--of--lg-concept, a language creates the other
terms-of-lg-concept, usually by changing suffixes.
Also, it is one of the important properties a language has
(the economy of a language) that creates lg-concept's--names from
other lg-concept's--names (periphrastic-lg-concept's--names).
Otherwise (if we had for every b-concept a different root-name),
it would be impossible to memorize all these lg-concept's--names.
Languages differ considerably in the use of
root or derived lg-concept's--names for the same concepts.
Synonym:
* First-term, first-form, first-type.
Generic:
* Term-of-logal-concept.
Specific:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.13.11.4p2#
List:
* AUXILIARY-OF-LG-CONCEPT.
#h0.13.11.4p3#
List:
* Logal-info.
#h0.13.11.5p1#
hSbc:: HL's-MONOSEMOUS-LOGAL-CONCEPT (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
It is a logal-concept that denotes ONE semasial-concept.
#h0.13.11.6p1#
hSbc:: HL's-MULTISEMOUS-LOGAL-CONCEPT (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
It is a logal-concept that denotes MANY semasial-concept.
#h0.13.11.6p2#
hSbc:: HL's-INDIVIDUAL-LOGAL-CONCEPT (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
A logal-concept is a
generic--b-concept of my sub-worldview that reflects a logal--sub-worldview.
A logal--sub-worldview uses individual-logal-concepts
that denote individual-semasial-concepts
with concrete values in their semasial-attributes.
I call INDIVIDUAL-LOGAL-CONCEPTS the
individuals of logal-concepts.
The lg-concept's--name or the
lg-concept's--term
of the logal-concept plus or not lg-concept-auxiliaries
create an individual-logal-concept.
Synonym:
* Individual-logal-concept.
#h0.13.11.7p1#
hSbc:: HL's-GENERIC-LOGAL-CONCEPT (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
A logal-concept that has specifics.
Specific:
* Verb.
* Conjunction.
* Noun.
#h0.13.11.7p2#
hSbc:: HL's-GESTURAL-CONCEPT (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
It is a logal-concept made up of gestures.
#h0.13.11.8p1#
hSbc:: HL's-SPOKEN-CONCEPT (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
It is a logal-concept made up of phonemes or other spoken-units.
#h0.13.11.8p2#
hSbc:: HL's-TEXTUAL-CONCEPT (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
It is a logal-concept made up of letters.
#h0.13.11.8p3#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.13.11.9p1#
List:
* Semasial-concept.
#h0.13.11.10p1#
Verb is a logal-concept that denotes a semasial-verb. #h0.13.11.11.1p1#
Only the process-or-relation b-concepts have verbs.
The verbs have individuals that denote individuals of semasial-verbs
with concrete values. Languages differ in the individual-verbs
they create for its verbs.
#h0.13.11.11.2p1#
hSbc:: HL's-VERB-TERM (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
any term of a verb.
#h0.13.11.11.3p1#
List:
* Logal-concept.
#h0.13.11.11.4p1#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.13.11.11.5p1#
List:
* Semasial-verb.
#h0.13.11.11.6p1#
synthetic: Noun is any ordinary-noun. or special-noun. #h0.13.11.12.1p1#
List:
* Logal-concept.
#h0.13.11.12.2p1#
List:
* Ordinary-noun.
* Special-noun.
#h0.13.11.12.3p1#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.13.11.12.4p1#
List:
* Semasial-noun.
#h0.13.11.12.5p1#
It is a logal-concept a language uses to denote a semasial-ordinary-noun. #h0.13.11.12.6.1p1#
List:
* Noun.
#h0.13.11.12.6.2p1#
List:
* Plain-Ordinary-Noun.
* Case-Ordinary-Noun.
* Attributive-Ordinary-Noun.
#h0.13.11.12.6.3p1#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.13.11.12.6.4p1#
List:
* Special-noun.
#h0.13.11.12.6.5p1#
List:
* Semasial-ordinary-noun.
#h0.13.11.12.6.6p1#
It is a logal-concept
a language uses to denote a semasial-main-ordinary-noun.
ALL concepts have plain-ordinary-nouns.
#h0.13.11.12.7.1p1#
hSbc:: HL's-TERM-OF-PLAIN-NOUN:
Definition:
any term of an ordinary-noun.
#h0.13.11.12.7.2p1#
List:
* Ordinary-noun.
#h0.13.11.12.7.3p1#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.13.11.12.7.4p1#
Case-noun is a logal-concept that denotes a semasial-main-ordinary-noun and a semasial-conjunction of it. #h0.13.11.12.8.1p1#
For example, the greek-language
with the "accusative" denotes a semasial-noun and the
semasial-verb's-object--semasial-conjunction.
Languages create diferent case-nouns by
denoting diferent semasial-conjunctions.
For example, english denotes ownership, russian instumentality.
#h0.13.11.12.8.2p1#
hSbc:: HL's-TERM-OF-CASE-ORDINARY-NOUN (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
any term of a case-noun.
#h0.13.11.12.8.3p1#
List:
* Ordinary-noun.
* Noun.
#h0.13.11.12.8.4p1#
hSbc:: HL's-NOMINATIVE-CASE (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
It is a case-noun that denotes a semasial-main-ordinary-noun
AND that it is the subject (semasial-verb's-subject)
of a verb.
Languages use this case and as plain-ordinary-noun.
Synonym:
Nominativero. Ονομαστική-ουσιαστικού.
#h0.13.11.12.8.5p1#
hSbc:: HL's-ACCUSATIVE-CASE (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
It is a case-noun that denotes a semasial-main-ordinary-noun
AND the semasial-verb's-object.
Synonym:
Akuzativero, Αιτιατική-πτώση-ουσιαστικού.
#h0.13.11.12.8.5p2#
hSbc:: HL's-GENITIVE-CASE (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
It is a case-noun that denotes a semasial-main-ordinary-noun
AND a semasial-conjunction of it that depends on individual language,
eg the owner.
Synonym:
Γενική-πτώση-ουσιαστικού.
#h0.13.11.12.8.5p3#
hSbc:: HL's-DATIVE-CASE (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
It is a case-noun that denotes a semasial-main-ordinary-noun
AND a semasial-conjunction of it that
depends of individual language.
Synonym:
Δοτική-πτώση-ουσιαστικού.
#h0.13.11.12.8.5p4#
hSbc:: HL's-INSTRUMENTAL-CASE (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
It is a case-noun that denotes a semasial-main-ordinary-noun
AND a semasial-conjunction of it, the
instrument with which a process is done (russian-language).
#h0.13.11.12.8.5p5#
hSbc:: HL's-POSSESSIVE-CASE (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
It is a case-noun that denotes a semasial-main-ordinary-noun
AND a semasial-conjunction of it,
the owner of an entity (english-language).
#h0.13.11.12.8.5p6#
hSbc:: HL's-VOCATIVE-CASE (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
It is a case-noun that denotes a semasial-main-ordinary-noun
AND a semasial-conjunction of it,
the entity we adress (greek-language).
Synonym:
Κλητική-πτώση-ουσιαστικού.
#h0.13.11.12.8.5p7#
hSbc:: HL's-ATTRIBUTE-CASE (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
It is a case-noun that denotes a semasial-main-ordinary-noun
AND any semasial-conjunction of it.
#h0.13.11.12.8.5p8#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.13.11.12.8.6p1#
List:
* Semasial-ordinary-noun.
* Semasial-conjunction.
#h0.13.11.12.8.7p1#
It is a logal-concept a language uses to denote a semasial-attributive-ordinary-noun. #h0.13.11.12.9.1p1#
hSbc:: HL's-TERM-OF-PLAIN-NOUN (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
any term of an ordinary-noun.
#h0.13.11.12.9.2p1#
List:
* Ordinary-noun.
#h0.13.11.12.9.3p1#
hSbc:: HL's-ADJECTIVE (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
it denotes a semasial-attributive-ordinary-noun
as attribute of a semasial-main-ordinary-noun
Languages create the adjective for only some concepts
and do not have a consistent rule for its term and
its other related ordinary-nouns.
Its usual instances are: positive, comparative, superlative.
#h0.13.11.12.9.4p1#
hSbc:: HL's-ADVERB (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
it denotes a semasial-attributive-ordinary-noun
as attribute of a semasial-verb.
Languages do not have a consistent rule for its term
and its other related ordinary-nouns.
Its usual instances are: positive, comparative, superlative.
#h0.13.11.12.9.4p2#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.13.11.12.9.5p1#
Special-noun is a logal-concept a language uses to denote a special-semasial-noun. #h0.13.11.12.10.1p1#
Special-nouns have few individuals.
Traditional-grammars treat as special-nouns only the
ordinary-nouns ("pronouns") but we find special-nouns and in
case-noun forms.
#h0.13.11.12.10.2p1#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
* Specific-special-nouns
#h0.13.11.12.10.3p1#
List:
* Ordinary-noun.
#h0.13.11.12.10.4p1#
List:
* Semasial-special-noun.
#h0.13.11.12.10.5p1#
Conjunction is a logal-concept that DENOTES a semasial-conjunction. #h0.13.11.13.1p1#
Usually conjunctions have one individual.
The confusion on conjunctions comes because languages use the
same conjunctions to denote different semasial-conjunctions.
Also languages use the same words as conjunctions, as adverbs.
as ordinary-nouns, and as special-nouns.
Languages also use conjunctions to create multiword
verb-names. It is a common mistake the use of wrong
conjunctions in language to language translation.
#h0.13.11.13.2p1#
hSbc:: HL's-TERM-OF-CONJUNCTION (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
any term of a conjunction.
#h0.13.11.13.3p1#
List:
* Logal-concept.
#h0.13.11.13.4p1#
List:
* One argument.
* Two arguments.
#h0.13.11.13.5p1#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.13.11.13.6p1#
List:
* Semasial-conjunction.
#h0.13.11.13.7p1#
Noun-structure is a logal-node that maps an semasial-noun-structure. #h0.13.12.1p1#
With the different nouns a language creates many noun-structures that denote semasial-noun-structures. The vast majority of them are created with adjectives and ordinary-nouns or special-nouns and ordinary-nouns. But we see also and adverb with adjective constructs. #h0.13.12.2p1#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.13.12.3p1#
List:
* Semasial-noun-Structure.
#h0.13.12.4p1#
Sentence is a representation of a semasial-sentence. #h0.13.13.1p1#
A sentence denotes a process-or-relation IN TIME of a sub-worldview. It denotes. AT LEAST, a semasial-verb, a semasial-noun and a semasial-conjunction. #h0.13.13.2p1#
List:
* Verb.
It is the obligatory constituent for ALL languages.
* Conjunction.
denotes the relation of the semasial-verb with other semasias.
* Verb's-argument.
it denotes a semasia corelated with a semasial-verb.
#h0.13.13.3p1#
hSbc:: HL's-COMPOUND-SENTENCE (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
It is a sentence with constituent another sentence.
#h0.13.13.4p1#
hSbc:: HL's-SIMPLE-SENTENCE (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
it does NOT has as constituent another sentence.
#h0.13.13.4p2#
hSbc:: HL's-DEPENDENT-SENTENCE (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
It is a sentence with parent-node another sentence.
#h0.13.13.5p1#
hSbc:: HL's-INDEPENDENT-SENTENCE (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
its parent is not a sentence.
#h0.13.13.5p2#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.13.13.6p1#
List:
* Semasial-sentence.
#h0.13.13.7p1#
Verb's-argument is a logal-node that denotes a semasial-verb's-argument. #h0.13.14.1p1#
List:
* Verbalero.
#h0.13.14.2p1#
hSbc:: HL's-VERB'S-SUBJECT (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
it denotes a semasial-verb's-subject.
In english, it is an oblicatory constituent. In greek, it is not.
#h0.13.14.3p1#
hSbc:: HL's-VERB'S-OBJECT (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
it denotes a semasial-verb's-object.
#h0.13.14.3p2#
hSbc:: HL's-INDIRECT-VERB'S-OBJECT (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
it denotes an indirect-semasial-verb's-object.
#h0.13.14.3p3#
hSbc:: HL's-VERB'S-MISC-ARGUMENT (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
time, place, cause, manner, ... arguments
#h0.13.14.3p4#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.13.14.4p1#
List:
* Semasial-verb's-argument.
#h0.13.14.5p1#
I am using the folowing notation to show a sentence's constituents: #h0.13.15p1#
SYMBOL | MEANING | EXAMPLE |
(...) | sentence | #sbj:the man (who is bying a book) #vrb:is #sbjc:my uncle. |
[...] | noun-structure | #sbj:[ [Lilacs] [and violets] ] #vrb:are #sbjc:usually purple. |
#vrb: | verb | #sbj:Bruce #vrb:hit #obj:the ball. |
#...: | verb's-argument | #sbj:They #vrb:will meet #obj:us #place:at [[the newest cafe] [in the market]]. |
#sbj: | verb's-subject | #sbj:[ [Lilacs] [and violets] ] #vrb:are #sbjc:usually purple. |
#obj: | verb's-object | #sbj:he #vrb:closed #obj:the door. |
#sbjc: | verb's-subject-complement | #sbj:the play #vrb:was #sbjc:very good. |
#agt: | agent | #sbj:Its members #vrb:are elected #agt:by the Generic Assembly! |
Whole-part--tree-structures of sentences, I call sentence-structures. #h0.13.16.1p1#
List:
* LOGAL-SUBWORLVIEW.
it is the outermost sentence-structure.
#h0.13.16.2p1#
hSbc:: HL's-SUPERSENTENCE (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
It is the parent-node of corelated sentences, which is not a
sentence and in text-languages is a period-nonstop-node. [nikkas, 2006.01.20]
#h0.13.16.2p2#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.13.16.3p1#
Logal--sub-worldview I call any sign, speech or text structure with which human-languages REPRESENT semasial--sub-worldviews and consequently brainual--sub-worldviews. #h0.13.17.1p1#
Logal-units are the indivisible parts of a
logal--sub-worldview and usually denote nothing.
Verbs, ordinary-nouns,
adjectives, adverbs,
and conjunctions
denote semasial-concepts and consequently
b-concepts.
Finally, sentences
denote semasial-verbs and consequently
processes-or-relations.
#h0.13.17.2p1#
List:
* Logo.
#h0.13.17.3p1#
List:
* Whole-part--tree-structure.
#h0.13.17.4p1#
Human-languages have not created only one type of logal--sub-worldviews. #h0.13.17.5p1#
hSbc:: HL's-GESTURAL-SUBWORLVIEW (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
The "right-hand gene" denotes, as most probable, that a
gestural--logal--sub-worldview was the first logal--sub-worldview
humans have created.
#h0.13.17.5p2#
hSbc:: HL's-SPOKEN-SUBWORLVIEW (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
The second logal--sub-worldview was a spoken--logal--sub-worldview. It is
a construction of letters.
#h0.13.17.5p3#
hSbc:: HL's-WRITTEN-SUBWORLVIEW (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
Finally, the third logal--sub-worldview humans have created was
a written--logal--sub-worldview. It is a construction of
diktetros.
#h0.13.17.5p4#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.13.17.6p1#
List:
* Semasial--sub-worldview.
#h0.13.17.7p1#
The logal--sub-worldview is a tree-structure. Any of its nodes I call LOGAL-NODE. #h0.13.18.1p1#
List:
* Nodero.
#h0.13.18.2p1#
hSbc:: HL's-EXPRESSION-OF-LOGAL-NODE (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
It is the logal-info (gestures, speech, text) of a logal-node.
#h0.13.18.3p1#
List:
* Tree-structure-node.
#h0.13.18.4p1#
hSbc:: HL's-CONTENT-NODE (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
denotes a semasial-info.
Specific:
* LOGAL-CONCEPT: the units of content-nodes.
* NOUN-STRUCTURE:
* SENTENCE:
* SUPERSENTENCE:
* PARAGRAPH: a node of corelated sentences or supersentences.
* SECTION: a LOGAL-NODE the parent of lg_paragraph.
* CHAPTER: a LOGAL-NODE the parent of sektero.
* PART: a LOGAL-NODE the parent of captero.
* BOOK: a LOGAL-NODE the parent of partero.
* TITLE: a LOGAL-NODE, usually a noun-structure, that
denotes the content of another textual-node. Sekteros, capteros, parteros
and bukeros has as child and one title.
#h0.13.18.5p1#
hSbc:: HL's-NONCONTENT-NODE:
Definition:
it does not denote semasia or we found them visually
(not considering its semasia).
Specific:
* STOP-NODE: any lg_node used to separate the other lg_nodes.
* NONSTOP-NODE: the separated-parts.
#h0.13.18.5p2#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.13.18.6p1#
List:
* Semasial-node.
#h0.13.18.7p1#
Logal-info is any entity of a logal--sub-worldview. #h0.13.19.1p1#
List:
* Expression. Logal.
#h0.13.19.2p1#
List:
* Info.
#h0.13.19.3p1#
hSbc:: HL's-GESTURAL-INFO (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
any gestural-logal-unit structure
#h0.13.19.4p1#
hSbc:: HL's-SPOKEN-INFO (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
any spoken-logal-unit structure
#h0.13.19.4p2#
hSbc:: HL's-TEXTUAL-INFO (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
any textual-logal-unit structure.
#h0.13.19.4p3#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.13.19.5p1#
List:
* Semasial-info.
#h0.13.19.6p1#
Part-of-speech usually they call the types of nonstop-nodes (mainly words) a language uses in logal--sub-worldviews. #h0.13.20.1p1#
We must not confuse the words and the
logal-concepts of a language.
The words are NOT the units of a logal--sub-worldview.
#h0.13.20.2p1#
In most human-languages the parts of speech are about 8 (eight): #h0.13.20.3p1#
hSbc:: HL's-CONTENT-POS (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
they denote b-concepts.
Specific:
* hSbc:: TERM-OF-LG-CONCEPTS:
verb-terms, noun-terms, adjective-terms,
adverb-terms, conjunction-terms.
* hSbc:: ABBREVIATED-NAME:
short names, akronymes or initialisms.
* hSbc:: SYMBOL-NAME: structures of
symbols that denote concepts.
#h0.13.20.3p2#
hSbc:: HL's-NONCONTENT-POS:
Definition:
they do NOT denote concepts.
Specific:
* LG-CONCEPT-AUXILIARY:
It is used in individual-logal-concept creation.
They could be and content-words.
* INTERJECTION:
* PHATIC-WORD:
#h0.13.20.3p3#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.13.20.4p1#
generic:
it is any term, symbol-name, lg-concept's--auxiliary,
interjection, and phatic-word a language uses in its logal--sub-worldviews.
#h0.13.21.1p1#
List:
* Term.
* Symbol-name.
* LgConcept's-auxiliary.
* Interjection.
* Phatic-word.
#h0.13.21.2p1#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.13.21.3p1#
They are the logal-nodes a language uses to SEPARATE the other nodes (the nonstop-nodes). #h0.13.22.1p1#
List:
* Non-content--node.
#h0.13.22.2p1#
List:
* MAIN--STOP-NODE: the entity that separates the main parts of logo.
* SECONDARY--STOP-NODE: the entity that separates the main parts of logo.
* PERIOD'S-WHOLE--STOP-NODE: the entity that separates period-structures.
* PERIOD--STOP-NODE: usually the punctuation-mark "." in textual-languages.
* PERIOD'S-PART--STOP-NODE: inside a period.
* BLANKSPACE--STOP-NODE: the "whitespace" in textual-languages.
* PUNCTUATION--STOP-NODE: the punctuation-marks in textual-languages.
#h0.13.22.3p1#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.13.22.4p1#
They are the SEPARATED parts (which are created by the stop-nodes) we use to form logos. #h0.13.23.1p1#
List:
* Non-content--node.
#h0.13.23.2p1#
List:
* MAIN--NONSTOP-NODE: the separated parts of logo by the main-stop-nodes.
* SECONDARY--NONSTOP-NODE: the separated parts of logo by the secondary-stop-nodes.
* PERIOD'S-WHOLE--NONSTOP-NODE: a structure of periods.
* PERIOD--NONSTOP-NODE: main structures of logo, usually separated with "." in textual languages.
* PERIOD'S-PART--NONSTOP-NODE: nodes separated with blanks, usually the words of logo.
#h0.13.23.3p1#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.13.23.4p1#
The list of all terms a language supports. #h0.13.24.1p1#
List:
* Dictionary. Glossary, Terminology.
#h0.13.24.2p1#
Natural-languages does not have consistent rules when they
create related terms.
There is a confusion in the meaning of dictionaries, glossaries
and terminology lists because the grammars of languages confuse the
concepts of languages.
#h0.13.24.3p1#
List:
* Numerals.
* Human-Names.
* Pronouns.
* Prepositions.
* Conjunctions.
* Colors.
* Days.
* Months.
#h0.13.24.4p1#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.13.24.5p1#
Logo-set is a SET of logos that denote the SAME brainual-info. #h0.13.25.1p1#
hSbc:: HL's-LG-CONCEPT-SET-OF-CONCEPT (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
It is the set of logal-concepts that
denote the same b-concept.
Description:
One b-concept can have many logal-concepts.
For example the function--b-concept of "running" has:
a) noun: "his daily run keeps him fit".
b) verb: "Don't run--you'll be out of breath".
Specific:
* Noun-set, Adjective-set, Adverb-set, Conjunction-set, Verb-set.
#h0.13.25.2p1#
hSbc:: HL's-SYNONYM-SET (lgl-cpt):
Definition:
It is the set of the terms-of-logal-concepts
of a logal-concept type, that denote the same
semasial-concept.
#h0.13.25.2p2#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.13.25.3p1#
We don't know, definitely, the evolution of our language. For me, the milestones in this evolution are: #h0.14p1#
Gestural-Languages:
Changes in nature forced pre-humans to bipedalism.
Bipedalism freed hands. Free hands gave rise to gestural
communication. Gestural-languages is the cause of "right-handiness"
and the expansion in human brain size, because of the increased
quantity of concepts stored in the brain.
#h0.14p2#
Oral-Languages:
For milions of years gestures are mixed with sounds. As the
quantity of sounds increased the vocal-track gets an L-shape.
Together with the evolution of the human ear and the hyoid bone,
humans were able to produce and distiguish many sounds. As a result
spoken-languages became dominant.
#h0.14p3#
Written-Languages:
About 5,000 years ago the invention of textual-languages helped
human-societies to store and transmit more easily the acquired knowledge
to next generations.
#h0.14p4#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.14.1p1#
specific:
Grammar is a specification (a description
of the mapping method) of a language.
#h0.15.1p1#
List:
* Specification-of-mapping-method.
#h0.15.2p1#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.15.3p1#
Modality is the medium (the means) a language uses to create its "logo" that can be perceived by a huma sensorial-system. #h0.16.1p1#
List:
* Audio.
* Visual.
* Tactile.
#h0.16.2p1#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.16.3p1#
Implementation of human-language is the actual use of the language. It is the logal-info-creation-process, AND the "understanding" process, ie the brainual-info-creation-process from a logo. #h0.17.1p1#
List:
* Parole: (French, meaning "speech") is the term used by
Ferdinand de Saussure for this b-concept.
#h0.17.2p1#
List:
*
Implementation-of-Mapping-method.
#h0.17.3p1#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.17.4p1#
Translation-process is the process of mapping
- a logal--sub-worldview in one language
to
- a logal--sub-worldview in another language.
#h0.18.1p1#
The entity (human or machine) that does the translation, must
KNOW both languages and must correctly
first, decode the first language
to the sub-worldview that maps and
second, encode the previous subWorldview
to the logal--sub-worldview of the second language.
#h0.18.2p1#
List:
* English.
* Greek.
* Esperanto.
* Komo.
#h0.18.3p1#
File ToC:
⇨ Definition
⇨ Synonym
⇨ Encoding
⇨ Decoding
⇨ Function
⇨ Paralanguage
⇨ Whole
⇨ Generic
⇨ Specific
⇨ English
⇨ Greek
⇨ Esperanto
⇨ Komo
⇨ Environment
⇨ Domain
⇨ BConcept
⇨ Brainual-info
⇨ Brainual-subwvw
⇨ Brainual-worldview
⇨ Mid-domain
⇨ SmConcept
⇨ SmVerb
⇨ SmConjunction
⇨ SmNoun
⇨ SmSentence
⇨ Semasia (subworldview)
⇨ SmInfo
⇨ Co-domain
⇨ Logal-unit
⇨ Word
⇨ LgConcept
⇨ Verb
⇨ Conjunction
⇨ Noun
⇨ Sentence
⇨ Logo (subworldview)
⇨ LgInfo
⇨ Term-lists
⇨ Evolution
⇨ Grammar
⇨ Modality
⇨ Implementation
⇨ Translation
#h0.toc#
AAj ToC:
⇨ Home
⇨ SBConcept-Theory
⇨ Schema
⇨ The-59-SBConcepts
⇨ Bibliography
⇨ Human-Language
⇨ Komo
⇨ KRS
⇨ SBConcept-System
⇨ AAj
⇨ SSS-Paper (1990)
⇨ Site-Evolution
⇨ Author
⇨ All-files
⇨ All-names
#h0.toc#
VERSIONS:
* CURRENT: http://aaj.sourceforge.net/hSbc/hSbc_59.html
* PUBLISHED:
* CREATED (h-sbc-format): 2010.06.09
* CREATED: 2008.01.28
* MAIL: userid@domain, where userid=nikkas and domain=otenet.gr
#h0.toc#