KoraPhnm.SPECIFIC of speech

description::
* vowel-phoneme,
* vowelNo-phoneme-(consonant),

name::
* McsEngl.KoraPhnm.specific,

KoraPhnm.vowel of speech

description::
× generic: vowel-phoneme,
"Of course. This is an excellent topic, as the Korean vowel system is systematic but has some subtleties that are crucial for accurate pronunciation.
Here is a detailed breakdown of Korean vowel **phonemes** (the distinctive sounds that can change word meaning), categorized by their linguistic features.
### **I. The Basic Vowel System (모음)**
Modern Standard Korean has **21 vowel phonemes**: 10 basic monophthongs ("pure" vowels) and 11 diphthongs (gliding vowels).
---
### **II. Monophthongs (단모음)**
These are often presented in a classic "vowel diagram" based on tongue position. The following 10 are the core set.
| Hangul | Revised Romanization | IPA (Phoneme) | Key Pronunciation Description (vs. English) |
| ㅣ | i | /i/ | Like "ee" in "see," but often tenser. |
| ㅔ | e | /e/ | Like "e" in "bed," but more pure (no glide). **Distinct from ㅐ**. |
| ㅐ | ae | /ɛ/ | Like "a" in "cat." In modern speech, **often merged with ㅔ** (/e/) for many speakers, but retained in spelling. |
| ㅡ | eu | /ɯ/ | **Unique to Korean.** No lip rounding. Like saying "ee" (/i/) but with your lips spread and tongue pulled back. |
| ㅓ | eo | /ʌ/ | Like "u" in "cup" (British RP). Open, back, unrounded. |
| ㅏ | a | /a/ | Like "a" in "father," but a bit more front. |
| ㅟ | wi | /y/ or /ɥi/ | Like French "u" or German "ü." For many, it's pronounced as a diphthong (/ɥi/ or /wi/). |
| ㅚ | oe | /ø/ or /we/ | Like German "ö." For most speakers, it's merged with **ㅞ** (/we/) as a diphthong. |
| ㅗ | o | /o/ | Like "o" in "go," but more pure, without the "w" glide at the end. **Lips are rounded**. |
| ㅜ | u | /u/ | Like "oo" in "boot." **Lips are tightly rounded**. |
**Important Note on Mergers:**
* **ㅔ /e/ vs. ㅐ /ɛ/:** This distinction is largely lost in standard speech (both are often /e/), but it's preserved in spelling and some dialects.
* **ㅚ /ø/, ㅙ /wɛ/, ㅞ /we/:** These three are almost universally pronounced as the diphthong **[we]** in modern Seoul Korean. However, they are considered separate phonemes in the writing system.
---
### **III. Diphthongs (이중모음)**
These are gliding sounds starting with a semivowel (/j/ or /w/) and moving to a vowel. They are written with an added "y" in Romanization.
#### **A. Y- Diphthongs** (Starting with /j/, based on ㅣ)
| Hangul | RR | IPA | Pronunciation |
| ㅑ | ya | /ja/ | "ya" as in "yard" |
| ㅕ | yeo | /jʌ/ | "yuh" (from above) |
| ㅖ | ye | /je/ | "ye" as in "yes" |
| ㅒ | yae | /jɛ/ | Like "ya" in "yam" |
| ㅛ | yo | /jo/ | "yo" as in "yoga" |
| ㅠ | yu | /ju/ | "you" |
| ㅣ | - | /i/ | (Base vowel, included for completeness) |
#### **B. W- Diphthongs** (Starting with /w/, based on ㅗ or ㅜ)
These are derived from ㅗ (/o/) or ㅜ (/u/) with an added element.
| Hangul | RR | IPA | Notes |
| ㅘ | wa | /wa/ | "wa" as in "waffle" |
| ㅝ | wo | /wʌ/ | "wuh" |
| ㅙ | wae | /wɛ/ → /we/ | Traditionally /wɛ/, now mostly merged with **ㅞ** |
| ㅞ | we | /we/ | "we" as in "wet" |
| ㅟ | wi | /y/ → /ɥi/ or /wi/ | (Also listed in monophthongs) |
| ㅚ | oe | /ø/ → /we/ | (Also listed in monophthongs) |
**The "W" Sound Rule:** The rounded /w/ sound is blocked if the preceding syllable ends in a consonant (받침). E.g., **좋아** [조아] /jo.a/, not /jwa/.
---
### **IV. Key Phonological Concepts for Learners**
1. **Vowel Harmony (Historical):** Older Korean had a strong system of vowel harmony (양성 모음 vs. 음성 모음), which is now mostly fossilized. It still appears in:
* **Onomatopoeia:** `찰랑찰랑` (water splashing) vs. `출렁출렁` (larger waves).
* **Grammar:** The choice between **-아요** (/a/ yo) and **-어요** (/ʌ/ yo) is based on the vowel of the preceding syllable (bright vs. dark).
2. **Tenseness & Pitch:** Korean vowels are not tense/lax as in English. Instead, the distinctive feature is the **tenseness/constriction of the vocal tract** and, importantly, **pitch accent**. The same vowel can have a higher or lower pitch depending on the word, which can be a minimal pair (e.g., `눈` [high] "snow" vs. `눈` [low] "eye").
3. **The Importance of ㅡ (/ɯ/) & ㅓ (/ʌ/):** These are two of the most difficult vowels for English speakers. Mastering the **unrounded, back ㅡ** and the **open, back ㅓ** is essential for a native-like accent.
### **V. Summary Chart: 21 Vowel Phonemes**
A quick-reference table grouping them by formation:
| Type | Number | Vowels (Hangul) |
| **Basic Monophthongs** | 10 | ㅣ, ㅔ, ㅐ, ㅡ, ㅓ, ㅏ, ㅟ, ㅚ, ㅗ, ㅜ |
| **Y- Diphthongs** | 6 | ㅑ, ㅕ, ㅖ, ㅒ, ㅛ, ㅠ |
| **W- Diphthongs** | 5 | ㅘ, ㅝ, ㅙ, ㅞ, (ㅟ, ㅚ)* |
*ㅟ and ㅚ are listed in both categories as their pronunciation has shifted.
**In essence:** To speak Korean accurately, focus less on the English "equivalents" and more on the **tongue position, lip shape, and purity** of the vowel sound. The written system is more detailed than the spoken one due to historical sound mergers, but all distinct letters must be learned for reading and writing."
[{2026-01-12 retrieved} https://chat.deepseek.com/a/chat/s/97412109-a0dd-424d-9db4-d3221a9d4949]

name::
* McsEngl.KoraLago'vowel-phoneme!⇒KoraVowlPhnm,
* McsEngl.KoraPhnm.vowel!⇒KoraVowlPhnm,
* McsEngl.KoraSpchLago'vowel!⇒KoraVowlPhnm,
* McsEngl.KoraVowlPhnm!=vowel-phoneme--of-KoraLago,

KoraPhnm.vowelNo of speech

description::
× generic: consonant-phoneme,

name::
* McsEngl.KoraConsPhnm!=Korean-consonant-phoneme,
* McsEngl.KoraPhnm.vowelNo!⇒KoraConsPhnm,
* McsEngl.KoraLago'consonant-phoneme!⇒KoraConsPhnm,
* McsEngl.KoraSpchLago'consonant!⇒KoraConsPhnm,

Unicode-block of KoraChar

description::
× Mcsh-creation: {2026-01-11},
"Of course. Korean characters in Unicode, known as **Hangul**, have a unique and logical encoding system that reflects their phonetic and syllabic structure.
Here’s a detailed breakdown:
### 1. **The Core Blocks: Jamo vs. Syllables**
Korean can be encoded in two main ways:
* **Hangul Jamo (자모):** The individual consonants (초성, 중성) and vowels (종성).
* **Hangul Syllables (완성형):** Pre-composed, whole syllable blocks (e.g., 한, 글).
Unicode supports **both**, but the syllabic blocks are by far the most common and recommended for normal text.
---
### 2. **Hangul Syllables Block (가–힣) - The Most Important**
This is the contiguous block containing **11,172 pre-composed modern Hangul syllables**.
* **Unicode Range:** `U+AC00` to `U+D7A3`
* **Example:** `한` (U+D55C), `글` (U+AE00)
* **How it works:** The block is algorithmically arranged. The first syllable, **가** (U+AC00), is formed by the first consonant (ᄀ), first vowel (ᅡ), and no final consonant. The ordering is systematic:
* Initial consonant (Choseong) changes slowest.
* Medial vowel (Jungseong) changes next.
* Final consonant (Jongseong) changes fastest.
* **This is the standard way** Korean text is stored and displayed in digital systems. Any modern Korean font will support this entire block.
---
### 3. **Hangul Jamo Blocks (Individual Components)**
These are used for rare academic, phonetic, or archaic text representation where you need to show individual letter components separately.
* **Hangul Jamo (U+1100–U+11FF):** The set of **consonants and vowels** used for forming Old Korean or for explicit phonetic display.
* **Examples:** `ᄒ` (U+1112), `ᅡ` (U+1161), `ᆫ` (U+11AB)
* If you typed these in sequence (한), a smart renderer *might* combine them into **한**, but they are stored as three separate code points.
* **Hangul Compatibility Jamo (U+3130–U+318F):** These exist primarily for **round-trip compatibility** with older Korean standards (KS X 1001). **You should not use these for normal modern text.**
* **Examples:** `ㅎ` (U+314E), `ㅏ` (U+314F), `ㄴ` (U+3134)
* They appear as standalone letters, like on a keyboard.
* **Hangul Jamo Extended-A/B (U+A960–U+A97F, U+D7B0–U+D7FF):** Additional jamo for transcribing obsolete Korean sounds, mostly used for academic purposes in writing Middle Korean (e.g., the `ᅀ` series, doubled consonants).
---
### 4. **Key Unicode Ranges Summary Table**
| Block Name | Unicode Range | Purpose | Example Char | Code Point |
| **Hangul Syllables** | **U+AC00 – U+D7A3** | **Normal modern Korean text** | `한`, `글` | U+D55C, U+AE00 |
| Hangul Jamo | U+1100 – U+11FF | Components for archaic/linguistic use | `ᄒ`, `ᅡ`, `ᆫ` | U+1112, U+1161, U+11AB |
| Hangul Compatibility Jamo | U+3130 – U+318F | Legacy compatibility (avoid for new text) | `ㅎ`, `ㅏ`, `ㄴ` | U+314E, U+314F, U+3134 |
| Hangul Jamo Extended-A | U+A960 – U+A97F | Historic jamo | `ꥠ`, `ꥡ` | |
| Hangul Jamo Extended-B | U+D7B0 – U+D7FF | More historic jamo | `ힰ`, `ퟆ` | |
---
### 5. **Important Technical Note: Conjoining Jamo vs. Pre-composed**
* **Pre-composed Syllables (U+AC00–U+D7A3):** The simple, guaranteed way. One code point = one syllable glyph.
* **Conjoining Jamo (U+1100–U+11FF):** A sequence of 2-3 code points (initial+medial or initial+medial+final) can be combined by the rendering system into a single syllable. This is more complex and font-dependent.
**For virtually all purposes—web, databases, documents—you should use the pre-composed Hangul Syllables block.**
---
### How to Type/Use Them
1. **Direct Input:** Use a Korean IME (Input Method Editor). When you type `ㅎ, ㅏ, ㄴ`, the IME internally **composes** them and outputs the single pre-composed syllable `한` (U+D55C) to the system.
2. **In Programming:** You can use them directly in strings or by their Unicode escape sequences.
* **Python:** `print('\uD55C\uAE00')` prints `한글`
* **JavaScript:** `console.log('\uD55C\uAE00')` prints `한글`
* **HTML:** `한글` renders as `한글`
### Fun Fact
The entire syllabic block is algorithmically generated from the **19 initial consonants, 21 medial vowels, and 28 final consonants** (including none) of the original Hangul design:
**19 × 21 × 28 = 11,172 possible syllables**, which matches the exact number of code points in the Hangul Syllables block.
**In short: For modern Korean text, all you need is the block from `U+AC00` (가) to `U+D7A3` (힣).**"
[{2026-01-11 retrieved} https://chat.deepseek.com/a/chat/s/03d6ba9f-5ebb-4a22-b564-46b125059dab]

name::
* McsEngl.KoraChar'Unicode-block,

KoraChar.SPECIFIC

specific::
* aggregate,

name::
* McsEngl.KoraChar.specific,

KoraChar.Hangeul

description::
× Mcsh-creation: {2026-01-13},
"Of course! Here is a comprehensive overview of **Hangul (한글)**, the writing system of the Korean language.
### 1. **What is Hangul?**
Hangul is the native alphabet of Korea, used to write the Korean language. It is renowned for its scientific and systematic design. Unlike Chinese characters (Hanja), which are logographic, Hangul is a **featural alphabet**—its letter shapes are designed to represent the speech organs used to articulate them.
### 2. **Historical Background**
* **Creation:** Hangul was created in **1443** and promulgated in **1446** by **King Sejong the Great** and a team of scholars from the Hall of Worthies (Jiphyeonjeon).
* **Purpose:** King Sejong created it to promote literacy among common people, as the existing system of Classical Chinese (Hanja) was difficult to learn and inaccessible to most of the population. Its original name was ***Hunminjeongeum*** (훈민정음), meaning "The Correct Sounds for the Instruction of the People."
* **Historical Status:** It faced opposition from the elite (yangban) class but was preserved and used for popular literature and by women. It became Korea's official script in the late 19th and 20th centuries.
### 3. **Key Features & Design Principle**
Hangul's genius lies in its **featural** design:
* **Consonants (자음, *Ja-eum*):** The basic shapes mimic the shape of the mouth, tongue, and teeth when pronouncing them.
* **ㄴ (n):** Shape of the tongue touching the roof of the mouth.
* **ㄱ (g/k):** Shape of the back of the tongue blocking the throat.
* **ㅁ (m):** Shape of the lips when closed.
* **ㅅ (s):** Shape of the teeth.
* **Vowels (모음, *Mo-eum*):** The basic shapes are based on three core elements representing the philosophical concepts of **heaven (ㆍ), earth (ㅡ), and human (ㅣ)**.
* **ㆍ** (a now-obsolete dot) = a round heaven.
* **ㅡ** (eu) = the flat earth.
* **ㅣ** (i) = a standing human.
* **Syllabic Blocks:** Unlike linear alphabets, Hangul letters are grouped into **syllabic blocks**. Each block represents one syllable.
* **Example:** The word for "Korean," **한글 (Hangul)**, is two blocks: `한` (han) + `글` (geul).
### 4. **The Alphabet: Jamo (자모)**
The basic units are called **Jamo**. There are **14 basic consonants** and **10 basic vowels**, which can be combined to form more complex letters.
| Type | Basic Letters | Name (Revised Romanization) | Key Sounds (approx.) |
| **Consonants** | ㄱ, ㄴ, ㄷ, ㄹ, ㅁ, ㅂ, ㅅ, ㅇ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅋ, ㅌ, ㅍ, ㅎ | giyeok, nieun, digeut, rieul, mieum, bieup, siot, ieung, jieut, chieut, kieuk, tieut, pieup, hieut | g/k, n, d/t, r/l, m, b/p, s/t, -/ng, j/t, ch, k, t, p, h |
| **Vowels** | ㅏ, ㅑ, ㅓ, ㅕ, ㅗ, ㅛ, ㅜ, ㅠ, ㅡ, ㅣ | a, ya, eo, yeo, o, yo, u, yu, eu, i | a, ya, aw/uh, yaw, o, yo, oo, yoo, eu (like "put"), ee |
* **Note:** **ㅇ (ieung)** is silent in the **initial** position of a syllable block and pronounced as **-ng** in the **final** position (받침, *batchim*).
### 5. **How Syllable Blocks are Formed**
Every block **must contain at least one consonant and one vowel**. The basic patterns are:
* **CV (Consonant + Vowel):** 가 (ga), 나 (na)
* **CVC (Consonant + Vowel + Consonant):** 각 (gak), 눈 (nun)
* **Vowel-Only Syllables:** Since a consonant is mandatory, the silent consonant **ㅇ** is used as a placeholder in the initial position: **아** (a), **오** (o).
**Block Structure:**
```
가 = ㄱ (C) + ㅏ (V) → arranged left-to-right.
고 = ㄱ (C) + ㅗ (V) → arranged top-to-bottom (as ㅗ is a vertical vowel).
국 = ㄱ (C) + ㅜ (V) + ㄱ (C) → arranged in a square (C+V+C).
```
### 6. **Why is Hangul Praised?**
* **Scientific Design:** Its featural nature is unique among modern writing systems.
* **Ease of Learning:** It is famously easy to learn. The basic alphabet can be mastered in a few hours, and literacy can be achieved in a matter of days. UNESCO awards the **King Sejong Literacy Prize** for this reason.
* **Efficiency & Clarity:** It represents Korean sounds with great accuracy and minimal ambiguity.
### 7. **Status and Usage Today**
* **Official Script:** It is the sole official script of **both South Korea (Republic of Korea) and North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)**.
* **Hanja:** Chinese characters are **occasionally used** in South Korea (in academic writing, newspapers, or for disambiguation) but are not required for basic literacy. Their use has declined significantly. North Korea abolished Hanja completely.
* **Hangul Day:** Celebrated on **October 9th** in South Korea and **January 15th** in North Korea.
### **A Famous Quote & Proof of Simplicity**
King Sejong stated in the Hunminjeongeum Haerye (the commentary):
⭢ *"A wise man can acquaint himself with them before the morning is over; a stupid man can learn them in the space of ten days."*
**Try it yourself!** You can already read this:
* **ㅋ** (k) + **ㅗ** (o) = 코 (ko) = *Nose*
* **ㄴ** (n) + **ㅏ** (a) = 나 (na) = *I/Me*
* **ㅁ** (m) + **ㅏ** (a) + **ㄴ** (n) = 만 (man) = *Only*
In summary, **Hangul is more than just an alphabet; it is a cultural icon and a masterpiece of linguistic design** that democratized literacy and remains a cornerstone of Korean national identity."
[{2026-01-15 retrieved} https://chat.deepseek.com/a/chat/s/95f6caad-683f-4d02-8bce-98678c5447cb]

name::
* McsEngl.Hangul,
* McsEngl.KoraChar.Hangeul,
====== lagoKorean:
* McsKora.한글!=Hangul,

KoraUnitSyst.word

description::
× generic: HmnmWord,

name::
* McsEngl.KoraWord!=KoraLago-word,
* McsEngl.KoraLago'word!⇒KoraWord,
* McsEngl.wordKora!⇒KoraWord,

KoraUnitSyst.syllable

description::
× generic: syllable-of-lagHmnm,

name::
* McsEngl.KoraSylb!=syllable-of-KoraLago,
* McsEngl.KoraLago'syllable!⇒KoraSylb,
* McsEngl.KoraUnitSyst.syllable!⇒KoraSylb,
* McsEngl.KoraWord'syllable!⇒KoraSylb,
* McsEngl.sylbKora!⇒KoraSylb,

KoraName.SPECIFIC

description::
* argo-name,
* verb-name,
* conjunction-name,
===
* term-KoraName,
* termNo-KoraName,
===
* KoraSpch-KoraName,
* KoraText-KoraName,

name::
* McsEngl.KoraName.specific,

member of KoraArgo

description::
× generic: member-of-argo,

name::
* McsEngl.KoraArgoMebr,
* McsEngl.KoraArgo'member!⇒KoraArgoMebr,

noun-name of KoraArgo

description::
× generic: HmnmNoun,
"Of course! Here is a comprehensive overview of **Korean nouns (명사)**, covering their key characteristics, structure, and usage.
### **1. Core Characteristics**
Korean nouns are similar to English nouns in function but have distinct grammatical features:
* **No Grammatical Gender**: Unlike French or Spanish, Korean nouns have no gender.
* **No Articles**: There are no words for "a/an" or "the."
* **Plurals are Often Optional**: The plural marker `들` is used much less frequently than English "-s." Context often indicates whether a noun is singular or plural.
* `학생` can mean "student" or "students."
* `학생들` explicitly means "students" (emphasizing the plurality).
### **2. Key Categories of Nouns**
#### **A. Pure Korean vs. Sino-Korean**
This is a fundamental division based on origin.
* **Pure Korean (고유어)**: Native Korean words.
* Examples: `하늘` (sky), `땅` (earth), `사람` (person), `말` (speech/horse), `눈` (eye/snow).
* **Sino-Korean (한자어)**: Words derived from Chinese characters. They make up over 50% of the vocabulary, especially for abstract, technical, or academic terms.
* Examples: `학생` 學生 (student), `의사` 醫師 (doctor), `학교` 學校 (school), `문제` 問題 (problem).
#### **B. Compound Nouns**
Nouns are frequently combined to create new meanings.
* **Noun + Noun**: `책` (book) + `상자` (box) = `책상자` (book box).
* **Verb Stem + Noun**: `읽다` (to read) -> `읽는` + `사람` = `읽는 사람` (reading person/reader).
* **Sino-Korean Compounds**: `한국` (Korea) + `어` (language) = `한국어` (Korean language).
### **3. Grammatical Behavior: The Most Important Aspect**
Korean nouns **cannot stand alone** in a sentence. They must be followed by **particles (조사)** or **verbs** to show their grammatical relationship.
#### **Essential Particles for Nouns:**
* **Subject Marker**: `이` (after consonant) / `가` (after vowel)
* `학생이 왔어요.` (The student came.)
* **Topic Marker**: `은` (after consonant) / `는` (after vowel)
* `저는 학생이에요.` (As for me, I am a student.)
* **Object Marker**: `을` (after consonant) / `를` (after vowel)
* `책을 읽어요.` (I read a book.)
* **Possessive Marker**: `의` (equivalent to 's or of)
* `저의 책` = `제 책` (My book)
* **Location/Time Particles**: `에`, `에서`, `(으)로`, etc.
* `학교에 가요.` (Go to school.)
* `학교에서 공부해요.` (Study at school.)
### **4. Forming Plurals with `들`**
As mentioned, `들` is optional and adds emphasis.
* `친구가 왔어요.` (A friend / Friends came.)
* `친구들이 왔어요.` (Friends [a group of them] came.)
* It attaches directly to the noun: `아이` (child) -> `아이들` (children).
### **5. Turning Other Words into Nouns (Nominalization)**
This is a very common and powerful feature of Korean.
* **Verb → Noun**:
* `기본형 + 기`: `먹다` (to eat) -> `먹기` (eating). `먹기가 쉽다` (Eating is easy).
* `는 것`: `공부하다` (to study) -> `공부하는 것` (the act of studying). `공부하는 것이 중요해요` (Studying is important).
* **Adjective → Noun**:
* `기`: `크다` (to be big) -> `크기` (size).
* `음`: `예쁘다` (to be pretty) -> `예쁨` (prettiness).
* **Clause → Noun (Using 것)**: `제가 본 것` (The thing that I saw / What I saw).
### **6. Special Types of Nouns**
* **의존 명사 (Bound Nouns)**: Cannot stand alone and must be preceded by a modifier. Common examples:
* `것` (thing, fact)
* `수` (way, means) `할 수 있다` (can do).
* `지` (used in `-ㄴ 지` for duration) `산 지 1년 됐어요` (It's been a year since I bought it).
* **불규칙 명사 (Irregular Nouns)**: A few nouns change pronunciation when followed by a particle starting with a vowel.
* `나이` (age) + `가` -> `나이가` (O) / `나이가` (X)
* `하늘` (sky) + `이` -> `하늘이` (O) / `하늘리가` (X)
### **7. Levels of Poleness and Nouns**
While nouns themselves aren't conjugated, the choice of noun can reflect politeness.
* **Honorific Nouns**: Used for the subject (who you are honoring).
* `말` (speech) -> `말씀`
* `나이` (age) -> `연세`
* `집` (house) -> `댁`
* **Humble Nouns**: Used for yourself or your in-group.
* `말` -> `말`
* `이름` (name) -> `성함` (other's name) / `이름` (your own name)
### **Summary for Learners:**
1. **Particles are Key**: Always learn nouns with their potential particles (`학생이`, `학생을`, `학생은`).
2. **Context is King**: Don't automatically add `들` for plurals. Rely on context first.
3. **Origin Matters**: Recognizing Sino-Korean roots can help you guess meanings and expand vocabulary faster.
4. **Nominalization is Powerful**: Learning `-기` and `-는 것` will dramatically increase your sentence-building ability.
Understanding these principles will give you a solid foundation for using Korean nouns correctly and naturally."
[{2026-01-15 retrieved} https://chat.deepseek.com/a/chat/s/e2f14b16-0a46-49f9-919b-1de73f782ac0]

name::
* McsEngl.KoraNoun,
* McsEngl.KoraArgoMebr.noun!⇒KoraNoun,
* McsEngl.nounKora!⇒KoraNoun,
====== lagoKorean:
* McsKora.명사!=noun,

adjective-name of KoraArgo

description::
× generic: HmnmAdje,
"Excellent question! Korean adjectives are fascinating because they function quite differently from adjectives in English. In fact, they are often called **"Descriptive Verbs"** or 형용사 (hyeong-yong-sa).
Here’s a complete breakdown of Korean adjectives and their key characteristics:
### 1. The Biggest Difference: They Are Verbs
This is the most important concept. Korean adjectives **conjugate like verbs**.
* In English: The apple **is** red. ( "is" = verb, "red" = adjective)
* In Korean: 사과가 **빨개요**. (Sagwa-ga **ppal-gae-yo**.)
* `빨갛다` (ppal-gah-ta - to be red) is the adjective. It is conjugated into the present tense polite form `빨개요`.
Because of this, they don't need a separate verb like "to be."
### 2. Basic Form: Dictionary Form
All Korean adjectives end with **`다` (da)** in their base, dictionary form.
* 예쁘다 (ye-ppeu-da) - to be pretty
* 크다 (keu-da) - to be big
* 작다 (jak-da) - to be small
* 맛있다 (ma-sit-da) - to be delicious
* 뜨겁다 (tteu-geop-da) - to be hot (temperature)
* 착하다 (cha-ka-da) - to be kind
### 3. Conjugation Patterns
You conjugate adjectives just like you conjugate action verbs. Here are common tenses using `예쁘다` (to be pretty):
* **Present Polite:** 예뻐요 (ye-ppeo-yo) / 예쁩니다 (ye-ppeum-ni-da) (more formal)
* **Past Polite:** 예뻤어요 (ye-ppeo-sseo-yo)
* **Future (Intentional):** 예쁠 거예요 (ye-ppeul geo-ye-yo)
* **Plain Form (diary, quotes):** 예쁘다 (ye-ppeu-da) / 예뻤다 (ye-ppeo-tda)
### 4. Modifying Nouns (The "Adjective" Function)
To place an adjective **directly before a noun** to describe it, you must change its form.
* **Rule:** Take the adjective stem (remove `다`) and add `-은/ㄴ` for **present tense** descriptions.
* If the stem ends in a **consonant**: Add `-은` (eun)
* 작다 (jak-da) → 작**은** 집 (jak-**eun** jip) - a small house
* If the stem ends in a **vowel**: Add `-ㄴ` (n)
* 예쁘다 (ye-ppeu-da) → 예쁜** 사람 (ye-ppeun** sa-ram) - a pretty person
* 크다 (keu-da) → 큰** 도시 (keun** do-si) - a big city
* **For Past Tense Modifications:** Use `-았/었던` (at/eot-deon)
* 예쁘다 → 예뻤던 (ye-ppeo-tteon) - "who was pretty" / "that was pretty"
### 5. Common Sentence Structures
* **Adjective as Predicate:** **Noun이/가 Adjective.**
* 날씨가 좋아요. (Nal-ssi-ga jo-a-yo.) - The weather is good.
* **Adjective Modifying Noun:** **Adjective-Noun이/가 Verb.**
* 좋은 날씨에요. (Jo-eun nal-ssi-e-yo.) - It is good weather.
### 6. Negation
There are two main ways to negate adjectives:
* **안 + Adjective:** 안 예뻐요. (An ye-ppeo-yo.) - (It) is not pretty. (More colloquial)
* **Adjective Stem + 지 않다:** 예쁘지 않아요. (Ye-ppeu-ji an-a-yo.) - (It) is not pretty. (Can sound slightly more formal or emphatic)
### 7. Honorifics
You can make adjectives honorific to show respect to the subject, often by adding `-시-`.
* 크다 (to be big) → 할아버지가 크세요. (Ha-ra-beo-ji-ga keu-se-yo.) - Grandfather is big (tall). (Showing respect to grandfather)
### Summary of Key Points:
1. **They are descriptive verbs** and conjugate.
2. **Dictionary form ends in `다`.**
3. **To modify a noun directly,** use the `-은/ㄴ` suffix.
4. **They don't need a "to be" verb.**
### Example Flow from Dictionary to Use:
1. **Adjective:** 뜨겁다 (tteu-geop-da) - to be hot
2. **Conjugated in a sentence:** 커피가 뜨거워요. (Keo-pi-ga tteu-geo-wo-yo.) - The coffee is hot.
3. **Modifying a noun:** 뜨거운 커피 (tteu-geo-un keo-pi) - hot coffee
Understanding that adjectives *act like verbs* is the key to mastering their use in Korean. Once you get this, the conjugation and sentence patterns become much clearer!"
[{2026-01-15 retrieved} https://chat.deepseek.com/a/chat/s/acdc4a85-e546-4a0d-8a81-66dac68ac859]

name::
* McsEngl.KoraAdje,
* McsEngl.KoraArgoMebr.adjective!⇒KoraAdje,
* McsEngl.adjeKora!⇒KoraAdje,

adverb-name of KoraArgo

description::
× generic: HmnmAdve,
"Of course! Korean adverbs are fascinating and diverse. They are called **부사 (busa)** and, like in English, they modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs to describe **how, when, where, or to what degree** something happens.
Here’s a comprehensive breakdown of Korean adverbs, categorized for easier understanding.
### 1. **How (방식) - Manner Adverbs**
These describe how an action is performed. Many are derived from adjectives.
* **빨리 (ppal-li)** - quickly, fast
* 빨리 달리다 (run fast)
* **천천히 (cheon-cheon-hi)** - slowly
* 천천히 걷다 (walk slowly) *(Note: Adjective `천천하다` + 히)*
* **조용히 (jo-yong-hi)** - quietly
* 조용히 말하다 (speak quietly)
* **잘 (jal)** - well
* 잘 자다 (sleep well)
* **같이 (ga-chi)** - together
* **혼자 (hon-ja)** - alone
* **열심히 (yeol-sim-hi)** - hard, diligently
* 열심히 공부하다 (study hard)
**Formation Tip:** Many adjectives can become manner adverbs by changing the ending to **-게** or **-히**.
* **즐겁다 (happy)** → 즐겁**게** 놀다 (play happily)
* **편하다 (comfortable)** → 편**히** 쉬다 (rest comfortably)
---
### 2. **When (시간) - Time Adverbs**
These indicate when an action occurs.
* **오늘 (o-neul)** - today
* **어제 (eo-je)** - yesterday
* **내일 (nae-il)** - tomorrow
* **지금 (ji-geum)** - now
* **아까 (a-kka)** - a while ago
* **이미 (i-mi)** - already
* **벌써 (beol-sseo)** - already (sooner than expected)
* **아직 (a-jik)** - still, yet
* **항상 (hang-sang)** - always
* **자주 (ja-ju)** - often
* **가끔 (ga-kkeum)** - sometimes
* **보통 (bo-tong)** - usually
---
### 3. **Where (장소) - Place Adverbs**
These describe where an action takes place.
* **여기 (yeo-gi)** - here
* **거기 (geo-gi)** - there (near the listener)
* **저기 (jeo-gi)** - over there (far from both)
* **어디 (eo-di)** - where
* **앞에 (ap-e)** - in front
* **뒤에 (dwi-e)** - behind
* **밖에 (bak-kke)** - outside
* **안 / 속에 (an / sog-e)** - inside
---
### 4. **To What Degree (정도) - Degree Adverbs**
These modify the intensity of an adjective, verb, or another adverb.
* **매우 / 아주 (mae-u / a-ju)** - very
* **너무 (neo-mu)** - too (often used colloquially as "very")
* **정말 (jeong-mal)** - really, truly
* **굉장히 (goeng-jang-hi)** - extremely
* **조금 (jo-geum)** - a little
* **거의 (geo-ui)** - almost
* **전혀 (jeon-hyeo)** - not at all (used with negative)
* 전혀 몰라요. (I don't know at all.)
* **조금씩 (jo-geum-ssik)** - little by little
---
### 5. **Onomatopoeic & Mimetic Adverbs (의성어 & 의태어)**
This is a **rich and unique feature** of Korean. These adverbs vividly describe sounds, movements, or states. They are often reduplicated.
* **의성어 (Ui-seong-eo) - Sound Mimetics**
* **멍멍 (meong-meong)** - woof woof
* **야옹 (ya-ong)** - meow
* **쾅 (kkwang)** - bang, slam
* **찍찍 (jjik-jjik)** - squeak (mouse)
* **의태어 (Ui-tae-eo) - Motion/State Mimetics**
* **반짝반짝 (ban-jjak-ban-jjak)** - sparkling, glittering
* **두근두근 (du-geun-du-geun)** - heart pounding
* **미끌미끌 (mi-kkeul-mi-kkeul)** - slippery
* **폴짝폴짝 (pol-jjak-pol-jjak)** - hopping, bouncing
**Usage:** `아이가 **폴짝폴짝** 뛰어요.` (The child is hopping/bouncing.)
---
### 6. **Sentence Adverbs (문장 부사)**
These modify the entire sentence, expressing the speaker's attitude, probability, or connecting ideas.
* **아마도 (a-ma-do)** - maybe, probably
* **당연히 (dang-yeon-hi)** - of course
* **실은 / 사실 (sil-eun / sa-sil)** - actually, in fact
* **다행히 (da-haeng-hi)** - fortunately
* **불행히도 (bul-haeng-hi-do)** - unfortunately
* **즉 (jeuk)** - that is, in other words
---
### **Key Grammar Points**
1. **Position:** Adverbs usually come **directly before the word they modify** (usually the verb/adjective).
* *저는 **열심히** 공부해요.* (I study hard.)
* *그 영화는 **정말** 재미있어요.* (That movie is really interesting.)
2. **No Conjugation:** Adverbs **do not change form** (no tense, politeness, etc.). The verb at the end of the sentence handles all conjugation.
3. **히/이 Adverbs:** Many end in `히` (e.g., 천천히, 열심히). Some have an alternate `이` form (e.g., 가볍게/가벼이).
### **How to Practice**
* Learn common adverbs in categories.
* Pay special attention to mimetic words (의성어/의태어)—they make your Korean sound much more natural and vivid.
* Notice adverb placement in sentences you read or hear.
Mastering adverbs is a huge step towards speaking Korean with nuance, detail, and fluency!"
[{2026-01-15 retrieved} https://chat.deepseek.com/a/chat/s/7e2bccd9-e27c-4ed8-9d6f-7ec87f89c9ce]

name::
* McsEngl.KoraAdve,
* McsEngl.KoraArgoMebr.adverb!⇒KoraAdve,
* McsEngl.adveKora!⇒KoraAdve,

KoraArgo.SPECIFIC

description::
* pronoun-KoraArgo,

name::
* McsEngl.KoraArgo.specific,

KoraArgo.pronoun

description::
× generic: HmnmPron,

name::
* McsEngl.KoraArgo.pronoun!⇒KoraPron,
* McsEngl.KoraPron!=pronoun-of-KoraLago,
* McsEngl.KoraLago'pronoun!⇒KoraPron,
* McsEngl.pronKora!⇒KoraPron,

member of KoraVerb

description::
× generic: member-of-verb.

name::
* McsEngl.KoraVerbMebr,
* McsEngl.KoraVerb'member!⇒KoraVerbMebr,

sibling of KoraVerb

description::
* Chinese-Verb,
* English-Verb,
* Esperanto-Verb,
* Greek-Verb,
* GreekAncient-Verb,
* Turkish-Verb,

name::
* McsEngl.KoraVerb'sibling,

KoraVerb.SPECIFIC

description::
* process-verb:
** action-verb,
** function-verb,
* relation-verb,

name::
* McsEngl.KoraVerb.specific,

KoraConj.SPECIFIC

description::

name::
* McsEngl.KoraConj.specific,

KoraConj.particle

description::
× Mcsh-creation: {2026-01-15},
"Of course! This is a fundamental topic in learning Korean. Korean particles (조사) are attached to nouns (and sometimes other words) to indicate their grammatical function in a sentence. Unlike English which relies on word order (Subject-Verb-Object), Korean uses these markers.
Here is a comprehensive guide to the most essential Korean particles, categorized by function.
---
### **1. Subject Markers: 이/가**
They mark the **subject** of the sentence—the noun that is *doing* the verb or *being* something.
* **이** is used after a noun ending in a **consonant** (받침).
* 선생님**이** 가요. (The teacher is going.)
* **가** is used after a noun ending in a **vowel**.
* 비**가** 와요. (Rain is coming.)
**Important Nuance:** `이/가` often emphasizes the **subject itself**, answering "Who did it?" or "What is it?"
* 누가 했어요? 제**가** 했어요. (Who did it? **I** did it.)
---
### **2. Topic Markers: 은/는**
They mark the **topic** of the sentence—what you are talking about, often for contrast or general statements.
* **은** is used after a consonant.
* 저**는** 학생이에요. (As for me, I am a student.)
* **는** is used after a vowel.
* 커피**는** 냄새가 좋아요. (As for coffee, its smell is good. [Implies maybe taste isn't?])
**The BIG Difference (은/는 vs. 이/가):**
This is a classic challenge.
* **이/가**: "**The dog** is eating." (Identifies *which one* is eating).
* **은/는**: "**The dog** is eating." (Marks the topic, perhaps contrasting with the cat, which is sleeping).
* **저는** 한국 사람이에요. (I *am Korean*.) - Topic = Me.
* **제가** 한국 사람이에요. (**I** am Korean.) - Emphasizing that *I* am the one who is Korean.
---
### **3. Object Marker: 을/를**
It marks the **direct object**—the noun that *receives* the action of the verb.
* **을** after a consonant.
* 밥**을** 먹어요. (I eat *rice*.)
* **를** after a vowel.
* 영화**를** 봐요. (I watch a *movie*.)
---
### **4. Location & Time Particles: 에, 에서**
**에** is versatile:
1. **Static Location (At/In/On):** Where something exists or a destination.
* 집**에** 있어요. (I am *at* home.)
* 학교**에** 가요. (I go *to* school.)
2. **Specific Time (At/On/In):**
* ​3시**에** 만나요. (Let's meet *at* 3 o'clock.)
**에서** indicates:
1. **Dynamic Location (At/In/From):** Where an action *takes place*.
* 도서관**에서** 공부해요. (I study *at* the library.)
* Compare: 집**에** 있어요 (I am at home - state) vs. 집**에서** 자요 (I sleep at home - action).
---
### **5. Possessive Marker: 의**
Equivalent to **'s** or **of** in English.
* 저**의** 책 → 제 책 (my book) - `제` is the contracted, more common form.
* 한국**의** 음식 (Food *of* Korea / Korean food)
---
### **6. Means & Tools Marker: (으)로**
Means **"by," "with,"** or **"toward."**
* **으로** after a consonant or the consonant `ㄹ`.
* 칼**으로** 자르다. (Cut *with* a knife.)
* 한국어**로** 쓰다. (Write *in* Korean.)
* **로** after a vowel or the consonant `ㄹ`.
* 버스**로** 가요. (Go *by* bus.)
* 서울**로** 가요. (Go *toward* Seoul.)
---
### **7. Companion Marker: 하고, 와/과, (이)랑**
All mean **"and"** (for nouns) or **"with."**
* **하고** is neutral and very common in speech.
* 친구**하고** 놀아요. (I play *with* a friend.)
* **와/과** is more formal, often used in writing.
* **와** after a vowel: 사과**와** 바나나 (apple *and* banana)
* **과** after a consonant: 책**과** 연필 (book *and* pencil)
* **(이)랑** is very casual and conversational.
* **랑** after a vowel: 나**랑** 갈래? (Will you go *with* me?)
* **이랑** after a consonant: 밥**이랑** 반찬 (rice *and* side dishes)
---
### **8. From ~ To: 에서...까지, 부터...까지**
* **에서 / 부터** = **from** (a starting point in time or location).
* **까지** = **to, until** (an ending point).
* 서울**에서** 부산**까지** (From Seoul *to* Busan)
* 9시**부터** 5시**까지** (From 9 o'clock *until* 5 o'clock)
---
### **Quick Reference Table**
| Particle | Main Function | Example (EN) | Example (KO) |
| **이/가** | Subject marker | **The cat** sleeps. | 고양이**가** 자요. |
| **은/는** | Topic/Contrast | **As for me**, I'm a student. | 저**는** 학생이에요. |
| **을/를** | Object marker | I eat **kimchi**. | 김치**를** 먹어요. |
| **에** | At/To/In (static) | I'm **at** home. Go **to** school. | 집**에** 있어요. 학교**에** 가요. |
| **에서** | At/From (action) | I study **at** the library. | 도서관**에서** 공부해요. |
| **의** | Possessive ('s, of) | This is **my** book. | 이건 저**의** 책이에요. |
| **(으)로** | By/With/Using | Go **by** bus. Write **with** a pen. | 버스**로** 가요. 펜**으로** 써요. |
| **하고** | And/With (casual) | Bread **and** milk. | 빵**하고** 우유. |
| **까지** | To/Until | From here **to** there. | 여기**부터** 저기**까지**. |
### **Crucial Tips for Learning:**
1. **Don't Translate Directly:** Think of them as grammatical *signals*, not English words.
2. **Listening & Repetition:** Exposure is key. You'll naturally start to feel which particle sounds right.
3. **Start with Basics:** Master `이/가`, `은/는`, `을/를`, and `에/에서` first. The others will follow.
4. **Accept the Ambiguity:** Sometimes particles are dropped in casual speech, especially in text messages (`밥 먹었어?`).
Practice by taking simple sentences and switching out the particles to see how the meaning shifts! Good luck (화이팅)!"
[{2026-01-15 retrieved} https://chat.deepseek.com/a/chat/s/9786ec8b-110a-4984-b958-3a67c72a3240]
======
">Korean prepositions:
Great question! Korean doesn't have prepositions in the same way English does. Instead, it uses **postpositions**—specifically **particles (조사)**—that come **after** nouns to indicate their grammatical relationship in a sentence.
Here’s a breakdown of the key particles that serve functions similar to English prepositions:
---
### 1. **Location & Place Particles: Where something is/happens**
* **에:** Static location ("at, in, on")
* 집**에** 있어요. (I'm **at** home.)
* 학교**에** 갔어요. (I went **to** school.)
* **에서:** Dynamic location ("at, in" for where an action happens)
* 도서관**에서** 공부했어요. (I studied **at** the library.)
* 한국**에서** 살아요. (I live **in** Korea.)
* **(으)로:** Direction ("toward, to")
* 오른쪽**으로** 가세요. (Go **to** the right.)
* 집**으로** 갑니다. (I'm going **home**.)
### 2. **Time Particles: When something happens**
* **에:** Specific time ("at, on, in")
* 아침**에** (in the morning)
* 수요일**에** (on Wednesday)
* 세 시**에** (at three o'clock)
* *Note:* Words like 어제, 오늘, 내일 (yesterday, today, tomorrow) usually don't take `에`.
### 3. **Companionship & Means Particles: With/by what**
* **와/과, 하고, (이)랑:** "With" (and)
* 친구**와** 영화를 봤어요. (I saw a movie **with** a friend.)
* 커피**랑** 케이크 (coffee **and** cake) - more colloquial.
* **(으)로:** Means, tool, or method ("by, with, using")
* 연필**으로** 쓰세요. (Write **with** a pencil.)
* 버스**로** 왔어요. (I came **by** bus.)
* 한국어**로** 말하다 (to speak **in** Korean)
### 4. **Topic & Subject Markers (Often Essential for Sentence Structure)**
* **은/는:** Topic marker (introduces what you're talking about, often with contrast or emphasis).
* 저**는** 학생이에요. (**As for me**, I am a student.)
* **이/가:** Subject marker (marks the main doer of the verb).
* 누가 왔어요? (**Who** came?)
* **을/를:** Object marker (marks the direct object receiving the action).
* 사과**를** 먹어요. (I eat **an apple**.)
### 5. **Others Important "Preposition-like" Particles**
* **의:** Possession ("of, 's")
* 제**의** 책 (my book / the book **of** me)
* **한테/에게/께:** "To" a person/animal (indirect object).
* 선생님**께** 드렸어요. (I gave it **to** the teacher.) - most formal/honorific.
* 친구**한테** 전화했어요. (I called **a friend**.) - colloquial.
* **부터 ~ 까지:** "From ~ until"
* 월요일**부터** 금요일**까지** (from Monday until Friday)
* **보다:** "Than" (for comparisons)
* 사과**보다** 바나나가 더 비싸요. (Bananas are more expensive **than** apples.)
* **처럼 / 같이:** "Like, similar to"
* 아이**처럼** 웃었어요. (He laughed **like** a child.)
---
### **Key Differences to Remember:**
1. **Order:** English preposition + noun → **Korean noun + particle**.
* **In** the house → 집**에**
2. **Omission:** Particles are often omitted in casual spoken Korean when the meaning is clear from context.
* 학교(에) 갈래? (Wanna go (to) school?)
3. **Multiple Meanings:** One particle can have many English equivalents (e.g., **에** can mean *in, at, to*), so you must learn its function (location, time, goal).
4. **No 1-to-1 Mapping:** An English preposition might require a specific verb+particle combination in Korean, not just a particle.
* "I'm thinking **about** you." → 당신**을** 생각하고 있어요. (Uses object marker `을` with the verb 생각하다).
The best way to master these is through exposure and practice, as their usage is deeply tied to Korean sentence structure and logic."
[{2026-01-15 retrieved} https://chat.deepseek.com/a/chat/s/1a086ad9-c1ff-4335-946a-ee4d32d53df4]

name::
* McsEngl.KoraConj.particle,
* McsEngl.KoraParticle,
* McsEngl.postposition.Korean,
====== lagoKorean:
* McsKora.조사!=particle,

basic-expression of KoraLogoView

description::
· important basic expressions for simple communication.

name::
* McsEngl.KoraExpr!=Korean-basic-expression,
* McsEngl.basic-expression.KoraLago!⇒KoraExpr,
* McsEngl.logoKora'basic-expression!⇒KoraExpr,

hello::
* McsEngl.KoraExpr.hello!=안녕하세요-annyeonghaseyo,
* McsEngl.hello.Kora!=안녕하세요-annyeonghaseyo,
* McsKora.안녕하세요-annyeonghaseyo!=hello,

yes::
* McsEngl.KoraExpr.yes!=예-ye,
* McsEngl.yes.Kora!=예-ye,
* McsKora.예-ye!=yes,

no::
* McsEngl.KoraExpr.no!=아니요-aniyo,
* McsEngl.no.Kora!=아니요-aniyo,
* McsKora.아니요-aniyo!=no,

thank-you::
* McsEngl.KoraExpr.thank-you!=감사합니다-gamsahabnida,
* McsEngl.thank-you.Kora!=감사합니다-gamsahabnida,
* McsKora.감사합니다-gamsahabnida!=thank-you,

thank-you-very-much::
* McsEngl.KoraExpr.thank-you-very-much!=매우 감사합니다-maeu gamsahabnida,
* McsEngl.thank-you-very-much.Kora!=매우 감사합니다-maeu gamsahabnida,
* McsKora.매우 감사합니다-maeu gamsahabnida!=thank-you-very-much,

please::
* McsEngl.KoraExpr.please!=제발-jebal,
* McsEngl.please.Kora!=제발-jebal,
* McsKora.제발-jebal!=please,

you're-welcome::
* McsEngl.KoraExpr.you're-welcome!=물론이죠-mullon-ijyo,
* McsEngl.you're-welcome.Kora!=물론이죠-mullon-ijyo,
* McsKora.물론이죠-mullon-ijyo!=you're-welcome,

we-are-Greeks::
* McsEngl.KoraExpr.we-are-Greeks!=우리는 그리스인입니다-ulineun geuliseu-in-ibnida,
* McsEngl.we-are-Greeks.Kora!=우리는 그리스인입니다-ulineun geuliseu-in-ibnida,
* McsKora.우리는 그리스인입니다-ulineun geuliseu-in-ibnida!=we-are-Greeks,

I-am-Greek::
* McsEngl.KoraExpr.I-am-Greek!=저는 그리스인입니다-jeoneun geuliseu-in-ibnida,
* McsEngl.I-am-Greek.Kora!=저는 그리스인입니다-jeoneun geuliseu-in-ibnida,
* McsKora.저는 그리스인입니다-jeoneun geuliseu-in-ibnida!=I-am-Greek,

good-morning::
* McsEngl.KoraExpr.good-morning!=좋은 아침이에요-joh-eun achim-ieyo,
* McsEngl.good-morning.Kora!=좋은 아침이에요-joh-eun achim-ieyo,
* McsKora.좋은 아침이에요-joh-eun achim-ieyo!=good-morning,

good-afternoon::
* McsEngl.KoraExpr.good-afternoon!=좋은 오후에요-joh-eun ohueyo,
* McsEngl.good-afternoon.Kora!=좋은 오후에요-joh-eun ohueyo,
* McsKora.좋은 오후에요-joh-eun ohueyo!=good-afternoon,

good-evening::
* McsEngl.KoraExpr.good-evening!=좋은 저녁이에요-joh-eun jeonyeog-ieyo,
* McsEngl.good-evening.Kora!=좋은 저녁이에요-joh-eun jeonyeog-ieyo,
* McsKora.좋은 저녁이에요-joh-eun jeonyeog-ieyo!=good-evening,

good-night::
* McsEngl.KoraExpr.good-night!=안녕히 주무세요-annyeonghi jumuseyo,
* McsEngl.good-night.Kora!=안녕히 주무세요-annyeonghi jumuseyo,
* McsKora.안녕히 주무세요-annyeonghi jumuseyo!=good-night,

goodbye::
* McsEngl.KoraExpr.goodbye!=안녕히 가세요-annyeonghi gaseyo,
* McsEngl.goodbye.Kora!=안녕히 가세요-annyeonghi gaseyo,
* McsKora.안녕히 가세요-annyeonghi gaseyo!=goodbye,

how-are-you?::
* McsEngl.KoraExpr.how-are-you?!=어떻게 지내세요?-eotteohge jinaeseyo?,
* McsEngl.how-are-you?.Kora!=어떻게 지내세요?-eotteohge jinaeseyo?,
* McsKora.어떻게 지내세요?-eotteohge jinaeseyo?!=how-are-you?,

my-name-is::
* McsEngl.KoraExpr.my-name-is!=내 이름은-nae ileum-eun,
* McsEngl.my-name-is.Kora!=내 이름은-nae ileum-eun,
* McsKora.내 이름은-nae ileum-eun!=my-name-is,

my-family-name-is::
* McsEngl.KoraExpr.my-family-name-is!=제 성은-je seong-eun,
* McsEngl.my-family-name-is.Kora!=제 성은-je seong-eun,
* McsKora.제 성은-je seong-eun!=my-family-name-is,

I-don't-understand::
* McsEngl.KoraExpr.I-don't-understand!=모르겠어요-moleugess-eoyo,
* McsEngl.I-don't-understand.Kora!=모르겠어요-moleugess-eoyo,
* McsKora.모르겠어요-moleugess-eoyo!=I-don't-understand,

please-could-you-help-me::
* McsEngl.KoraExpr.please-could-you-help-me!=,
* McsEngl.please-could-you-help-me.Kora!=,
* McsKora.!=please-could-you-help-me,

what's-your-name::
* McsEngl.KoraExpr.what's-your-name!=도와주시겠어요?-dowajusigess-eoyo?,
* McsEngl.what's-your-name.Kora!=도와주시겠어요?-dowajusigess-eoyo?,
* McsKora.도와주시겠어요?-dowajusigess-eoyo?!=what's-your-name,

water-cold::
* McsEngl.KoraExpr.water-cold!=차가운 물-chagaun mul,
* McsEngl.water-cold.Kora!=차가운 물-chagaun mul,
* McsKora.차가운 물-chagaun mul!=water-cold,

one::
* McsEngl.KoraExpr.zero!=영-yeong,
* McsEngl.zero.Kora!=영-yeong,
* McsKora.영-yeong!=zero,

one::
* McsEngl.KoraExpr.one!=하나-hana,
* McsEngl.one.Kora!=하나-hana,
* McsKora.하나-hana!=one,

two::
* McsEngl.KoraExpr.two!=둘-dul,
* McsEngl.two.Kora!=둘-dul,
* McsKora.둘-dul!=two,

three::
* McsEngl.KoraExpr.three!=삼-sam,
* McsEngl.three.Kora!=삼-sam,
* McsKora.삼-sam!=three,

four::
* McsEngl.KoraExpr.four!=넷-nes,
* McsEngl.four.Kora!=넷-nes,
* McsKora.넷-nes!=four,

five::
* McsEngl.KoraExpr.five!=다섯-daseos,
* McsEngl.five.Kora!=다섯-daseos,
* McsKora.다섯-daseos!=five,

six::
* McsEngl.KoraExpr.six!=육-yug,
* McsEngl.six.Kora!=육-yug,
* McsKora.육-yug!=six,

seven::
* McsEngl.KoraExpr.seven!=일곱-ilgob,
* McsEngl.seven.Kora!=일곱-ilgob,
* McsKora.일곱-ilgob!=seven,

eight::
* McsEngl.KoraExpr.eight!=여덟-yeodeolb,
* McsEngl.eight.Kora!=여덟-yeodeolb,
* McsKora.여덟-yeodeolb!=eight,

nine::
* McsEngl.KoraExpr.nine!=아홉-ahob,
* McsEngl.nine.Kora!=아홉-ahob,
* McsKora.아홉-ahob!=nine,

ten::
* McsEngl.KoraExpr.ten!=열-yeol,
* McsEngl.ten.Kora!=열-yeol,
* McsKora.열-yeol!=ten,

word-order of KoraSent

description::
·

name::
* McsEngl.KoraSent'word-order,
* McsEngl.word-order--of-KoraSent,